9/23/2020 Properties of Integers Operation With Examples and Questions
Properties of Integers
Integers have 5 main properties of operation which are:
Closure Property
Associative Property
Commutative Property
Distributive Property
Identity Property
Integer
Property Addition Multiplication Subtraction Division
Commutative x + y = y+ x x×y=y×x x–y≠y–x x÷y≠y÷x
Property
Associative x + (y + z) = (x + x × (y × z) = (x × y) (x – y) – z ≠ x – (y (x ÷ y) ÷ z ≠ x ÷ (y
Property y) +z ×z – z) ÷ z)
Identity Property x + 0 = x =0 + x x×1=x=1×x x–0=x≠0–x x÷1=x≠1÷x
Closure Property x+y∈Z x×y∈Z x–y∈Z x÷y∉Z
Distributive x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z
Property
x × (y − z) = x × y − x × z
The explanation of each of the integer properties is given below.
Property 1: Closure Property
Among the various properties of integers, closure property under addition and subtraction states that the sum or difference of any two integers will always be an integer i.e. if x and y are any two
integers, x + y and x − y will also be an integer.
Example 1: 3 – 4 = 3 + (−4) = −1;
(–5) + 8 = 3,
The results are integers.
Closure property under multiplication states that the product of any two integers will be an integer i.e. if x and y are any two integers, xy will also be an integer.
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9/23/2020 Properties of Integers Operation With Examples and Questions
Example 2: 6 × 9 = 54 ; (–5) × (3) = −15, which are integers.
Division of integers doesn’t follow the closure property, i.e. the quotient of any two integers x and y, may or may not be an integer.
Example 3: (−3) ÷ (−6) = ½, is not an integer.
Property 2: Commutative Property
The commutative property of addition and multiplication states that the order of terms doesn’t matter, the result will be the same. Whether it is addition or multiplication, swapping of terms will not
change the sum or product. Suppose, x and y are any two integers, then
⇒x+y =y +x
⇒x×y =y ×x
Example 4: 4 + (−6) = −2 = (−6) + 4;
10 × (−3) = −30 = (−3) × 10
But, subtraction (x − y ≠ y − x) and division (x ÷ y ≠ y ÷ x) are not commutative for integers and whole numbers.
Example 5: 4 − (−6) = 10 ; (−6) – 4 = −10
⇒ 4 − (−6) ≠ (−6) – 4
Ex: 10 ÷ 2 = 5 ; 2 ÷ 10 = 1/5
⇒ 10 ÷ 2 ≠ 2 ÷ 10
Property 3: Associative Property
The associative property of addition and multiplication states that the way of grouping of numbers doesn’t matter; the result will be the same. One can group numbers in any way but the answer will
remain the same. Parenthesis can be done, irrespective of the order of terms. Let x, y and z be any three integers, then
⇒ x + (y + z) = (x + y) +z
⇒ x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z
Example 6: 1 + (2 + (-3)) = 0 = (1 + 2) + (−3);
1 × (2 × (−3)) =−6 = (1 × 2) × (−3)
Subtraction of integers is not associative in nature i.e. x − (y − z) ≠ (x − y) − z.
Example 7: 1 − (2 − (−3)) = −4; (1 – 2) – (−3) = −2
1 – (2 – (−3)) ≠ (1 − 2) − (−3)
Property 4: Distributive Property
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9/23/2020 Properties of Integers Operation With Examples and Questions
The distributive property explains the distributing ability of operation over another mathematical operation within a bracket. It can be either distributive property of multiplication over addition or
distributive property of multiplication over subtraction. Here, integers are added or subtracted first and then multiplied or multiply first with each number within the bracket and then added or
subtracted. This can be represented for any integers x, y and z as:
⇒ x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z
⇒ x × (y − z) = x × y − x × z
Example 8: −5 (2 + 1) = −15 = (−5 × 2) + (−5 × 1)
Property 5: Identity Property
Among the various properties of integers, additive identity property states that when any integer is added to zero it will give the same number. Zero is called additive identity. For any integer x,
x+0 =x=0 +x
The multiplicative identity property for integers says that whenever a number is multiplied by 1 it will give the integer itself as the product. Therefore, 1 is called the multiplicative identity for a number.
For any integer x,
x×1 =x=1 ×x
If any integer multiplied by 0, the product will be zero:
x × 0 = 0 =0 × x
If any integer multiplied by -1, the product will be opposite of the number:
x × (−1) = −x = (−1) × x
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