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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
EN 2-2004 Example 002
P-M INTERACTION CHECK FOR COMPRESSION-CONTROLLED RECTANGULAR COLUMN
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The Demand/Capacity ratio for a given axial loading and moment is tested in this
example.
In this example, a reinforced concrete column is subjected to factored axial load
N = 2374 kN and moment My = 593 kN-m. This column is reinforced with five
25 bars. The design capacity ratio is checked by hand calculations and the result
is compared with computed results. The column is designed as a short, non-sway
member.
GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
2374 kN
My= 593 kN-m
550mm
A A 60 mm 350mm
3m
Section A-A
Material Properties Section Properties Design Properties
Ec = 25x106 kN/m2 b = 350 m fck = 30 MPa
ν = 0.2 d = 490 mm fy = 460 MPa
G = 10416666.7kN/m2
TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED
Tied reinforced concrete column design
EN 2-2004 Example 002 - 1
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
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RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated and compared.
Percent
Output Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference
Column Demand/Capacity Ratio 1.012 1.00 1.20%
COMPUTER FILE: EN 2-2004 EX002
CONCLUSION
The computed results show an acceptable comparison with the independent
results.
EN 2-2004 Example 002 - 2
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
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HAND CALCULATION
COLUMN STRENGTH UNDER COMPRESSION CONTROL
fck = 30 MPa fy = 460 MPa
b = 350 mm d = 490 mm
1) Because e = 250 mm < (2/3)d = 327 mm, assume compression failure. This
assumption will be checked later. Calculate the distance to the neutral axis for a
balanced condition, cb:
Position of neutral axis at balance condition:
700 700
cb = dt = ( 490 ) = 312 mm
700 + f y /γ s 700 + 460 / 1.15
2) From the equation of equilibrium:
N = Cc + C s − T
where
f 30
Cc = α cc ck ab = 1.0 • 350a =
7000a
γc 1.5
As′ fck 2500 30
=
Cs f y − α cc= 460 − 1.0 •= 956,521.7 N
γs γ c 1.15 1.5
Assume compression steel yields (this assumption will be checked later).
= 2174 fs ( fs < f y )
As fs 2500 fs
=
T =
γs 1.15
N1 =
7, 000a + 956,521.7 − 2174 fs (Eqn. 1)
3) Taking moments about As:
1 a
=N2 Cc d − + C s ( d − d ′ )
e′ 2
The plastic centroid is at the center of the section and d ′′ = 215 mm
e′ =e + d ′′ =250 + 215 =465 mm
1 a
=N2 7, 000a 490 − + 956,521.7 ( 490 − 60 )
465 2
N 2 = 7376.3a - 7.527a 2 + 884,525.5 (Eqn. 2)
EN 2-2004 Example 002 - 3
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PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
4) Assume c = 356 mm, which exceed cb (312 mm).
= =
a 0.8 • 356 284.8 mm
Substitute in Eqn. 2:
7376.3• 284.8 − 7.527 ( 284.8 ) + 884,525.5
2
N=
2 = 2,374,173 N
5) Calculate fs from the strain diagram when c = 356 mm.
490 − 356
=fs = 700 263.4 MPa
356
ε s =εt =fs Es = 0.00114
6) Substitute a = 284.8 mm and fs = 263.4 MPa in Eqn. 1 to calculate N1:
N1 7, 000 ( 284.8 ) + 956,522 − 2174 ( 263.5
= = ) 2,377, 273 N
which is very close to the calculated N2 of 2,374,173 (less than 1% difference)
250
= Ne
M = 2374 = 593.5 kN-m
1000
7) Check if compression steels yield. From strain diagram,
356 − 60
=ε′s ( 0.0035
= ) 0.0029=
> ε y 0.0023
356
Compression steel yields, as assumed.
8) Therefore, section capacity is
N = 2,374 kN
M = 593 kN-m
EN 2-2004 Example 002 - 4
