Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
1) The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood
pressure,
swallowing, and vomiting are located in the:
A) hypothalamus
B) pons
C) cerebrum
D) midbrain
E) medulla oblongata
2) Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions
rapidly
diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid:
A) potassium
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) chloride
E) magnesium
3) The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of: 3) _______
A) nutrients such as glucose
B) metabolic waste such as urea
C) water
D) anesthetics
E) alcohol
4) The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the: 4) _______
A) autonomic nervous system
B) voluntary nervous system
C) somatic nervous system
D) central nervous system
E) peripheral nervous system
5) An action potential: 5) _______
A) involves the outflux of negative ions to depolarize the membrane
B) involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane
C) is initiated by potassium ion movements
D) involves the outflux of positive ions to depolarize the membrane
E) is essential for nerve impulse propagation
6) Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in: 6) _______
A) the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
B) the thalamus
C) the hypothalamus
D) the ventral root ganglia of the spinal cord
E) sympathetic ganglia
7) The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the: 7) _______
A) motor division
B) parasympathetic nervous system
C) sensory division
D) central nervous system
E) autonomic nervous system
8) Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through all of the following except: 8) _______
A) corpus callosum
B) lateral ventricles
C) fourth ventricle
D) cerebral aqueduct
E) subarachnoid space
9) Which one of the following is the correct sequence in connective tissue sheaths, going
from
outermost to innermost layer:
A) perineurium, endoneurium, epineurium
B) epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
C) perineurium, epineurium, endoneurium
D) epineurium, endoneurium, perineurium
E) endoneurium, epineurium, perineurium
10) Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but canʹt vocalize the words.
The part
of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the:
A) central sulcus
B) Brocaʹs area
C) primary motor area
D) longitudinal fissure
E) gyrus
11) Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold
potential:
1. the membrane becomes depolarized
2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward
3. the membrane becomes repolarized
4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively
transported out of the cell
A) 2, 1, 4, 3 B) 3, 2, 4, 1 C) 2, 1, 3, 4 D) 4, 1, 3, 2 E) 1, 2, 4, 3
12) Which one of the following best describes the waxy-appearing material called myelin: 12)
A) a mass of white lipid material that surrounds the dendrites of a neuron
B) an outer membrane on a neuroglial cell
C) a mass of white lipid material that insulates the axon of a neuron
D) a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
E) a mass of white lipid material that surrounds the cell body of a neuron
13) Which of these cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS: 13) ______
A) Schwann cells
B) oligodendrocytes
C) ependymal cells
D) astrocytes
E) microglia
14) Bipolar neurons are commonly: 14) ______
A) motor neurons
B) found in the eye and nose
C) more abundant in adults than in children
D) called neuroglia
E) found in ganglia
15) Which one of the following statements about aging is most accurate: 15) ______
A) the brain reaches its maximum weight around the seventh decade of life
B) synaptic connections are too fixed to permit a great deal of learning after the age of 35
C) despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and
ready to be developed; therefore, additional learning can occur throughout life
D) increased efficiency of the sympathetic nervous system enhances the ability to learn
E) learning throughout the adult and aging years is supported primarily by glial proliferation
16) Lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal
muscle
movements:
A) frontal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) diencephalon
E) temporal lobe
17) The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as
while the shallow grooves are termed __________.
A) sulci; gyri
B) tracts; ganglia
C) ganglia; gyri
D) gyri; sulci
E) receptors; effectors
18) An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell: 18) ______
A) both potassium and sodium
B) potassium
C) sodium
D) magnesium
E) calcium
19) The function of the olfactory nerve concerns: 19) ______
A) smell
B) chewing
C) vision
D) eye movement
E) hearing
20) The gap between two communicating neurons is termed: 20) ______
A) node of Ranvier
B) synaptic cleft
C) effector
D) cell body
E) Schwann cell
21) Which of the nerves plexuses originates from ventral rami - : 21) ______
A) brachial B) lumbar C) sacral D) spinal E) cervical
The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is )22
:the
A) cerebellum
B) thalamus
C) reticular activating system (RAS)
D) pineal gland
E) limbic system
23) A neuron with a cell body located in the CNS whose primary function is connecting other
neurons is called a(n):
A) efferent neuron
B) glial cell
C) afferent neuron
D) satellite cell
E) association neuron
24) Afferent nerves are called __________, and motor nerves are called __________. 24)
______
A) peripheral nerves; cranial nerves
B) sensory nerves; efferent nerves
C) cranial nerves; peripheral nerves
D) motor nerves; sensory nerves
E) mixed nerves; motor nerves
25) Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the: 25) ______
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) midbrain
D) cerebellum
E) thalamus
26) The olfactory area is found within the: 26) ______
A) occipital lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) temporal lobe
E) pyramidal tract
27) The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body resulting from a combination of which
two
nerves:
A) pudendal and femoral nerves
B) pudendal and common peroneal nerves
C) pudendal and tibial nerves
D) common fibular and tibial nerves
E) femoral and tibial nerves
28) The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:
A) an ion
B) an action potential
C) the sodium-potassium pump
D) a neurotransmitter
E) nerve glue
29) Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are: 29) ______
A) sensory
B) unmyelinated
C) cerebral
D) motor
E) myelinated
30) Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost
layers
of the meninges:
A) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
B) pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
C) arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
D) dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
E) pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
31) The nerve that contains sensory fibers that are involved in hearing is: 31) ______
A) cranial nerve VIII
B) cranial nerve II
C) cranial nerve IX
D) cranial nerve III
E) cranial nerve V
32) The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience: 32) ______
A) repolarization
B) an action potential
C) a nerve impulse
D) a graded potential
E) depolarization
33) Damage to this nerve results in ʺwristdrop,ʺ the inability to extend the hand at the wrist:
A) obturator B) radial C) axillary D) phrenic E) femoral
34) Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the: 34) ______
A) lumbar plexus
B) sacral plexus
C) femoral plexus
D) obturator plexus
E) thoracic plexus
35) Which of the following is a traumatic brain injury: 35) ______
A) aphasia
B) cerebral edema
C) cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
D) Parkinsonʹs disease
E) Alzheimerʹs disease
36) The peripheral nervous system consists of: 36) ______
A) the spinal and cranial nerves
B) the brain and spinal cord
C) spinal nerves only
D) cranial nerves only
E) the brain only
:The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called )37
A) Schwann cells
B) dendrites
C) neurolemmas
D) satellite cells
E) axons
38) Which of the nerve plexuses serves the shoulder and arm: 38) ______
A) sacral B) cervical C) phrenic D) lumbar E) brachial
39) Preparing the body for the ʺfight-or-flightʺ response during threatening situations is the
role of
the:
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) cerebrum
D) afferent nervous system
E) parasympathetic nervous system
40) The cerebrospinal fluid: 40) ______
A) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space
B) is secreted by the arachnoid villi
C) is identical in composition to whole blood
D) is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles
E) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
41) The term central nervous system refers to the: 41) ______
A) spinal cord and spinal nerves
B) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
C) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
D) brain and cranial nerves
E) brain and spinal cord
42) Which one of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous
system: 42) ______
A) smooth muscle
B) cardiac muscle
C) most glands
D) skeletal muscle
E) abdominal organs
43) Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes: 43) ______
A) increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood
pressure
B) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood
pressure
C) increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood
pressure
D) decreased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood
pressure
E) decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood
pressure
44) In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system: 44) ______
A) stimulates its effector cells
B) has centers in the brain and spinal cord
C) has both afferent and efferent fibers
D) has two motor neurons
E) has two afferent neurons
45) Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc: 45) ______
A) receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, integration center, effector
B) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor
C) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
D) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor
E) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector
46) The ability to respond to a stimulus is termed: 46) ______
A) polarized
B) depolarized
C) irritability
D) all-or-none response
E) conductivity
47) Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system:
A) increases metabolic rate
B) stimulates sweat glands to produce perspiration
C) decreases heart rate
D) decreases urine output
E) decreases activity of the digestive system
48) Which of the following sensory receptors is a touch receptor: 48) ______
A) Golgi tendon organ
B) Pacinian corpuscle
C) Meissnerʹs corpuscle
D) muscle spindles
E) naked nerve endings
49) The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the: 49) ______
A) diencephalon
B) brain stem
C) pineal gland
D) hypothalamus
E) cerebellum
50) The gray matter of the spinal cord: 50) ______
A) surrounds the white matter of the spinal cord
B) surrounds the central canal
C) contains myelinated fiber tracts
D) always carries sensory information to the brain
E) is made up of the dorsal, lateral, and ventral columns
51) Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord,
going from
superior to inferior:
A) cervical spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
B) cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves
C) thoracic spinal nerves, cervical spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves
D) thoracic spinal nerves, cervical spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
E) cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves
52) Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS are called: 52) ______
A) nuclei
B) ganglia
C) nerves
D) tracts
E) tracts or ganglia
53) Which one of the following describes saltatory conduction: 53) ______
A) is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber
B) occurs only if nodes of Ranvier are lacking
C) occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous
D) is slower than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber
E) occurs only in the absence of axon hillocks
54) The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the: 54) ______
A) nucleus
B) cell body
C) axon
D) nodes of Ranvier
E) dendrites
55) The pituitary gland is most closely associated with the: 55) ______
A) hypothalamus
B) medulla oblongata
C) pineal gland
D) midbrain
E) thalamus
56) Muscles and glands are: 56) ______
A) effectors
B) part of the central nervous system
C) part of the peripheral nervous system
D) receptors
E) myelinated
57) White matters refers to myelinated fibers in the: 57) ______
A) SNS
B) PNS
C) ANS
D) CNS
E) both ANS and SNS
58) Sympathetic division fibers leave the spinal cord in the: 58) ______
A) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine
B) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine
C) craniosacral region, and the preganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine
D) craniosacral region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine
E) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrin
59) Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated
with the:
A) thalamus
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla oblongata
E) cerebrum
60) The subarachnoid space lies directly between the: 60) ______
A) arachnoid mater and cerebellum
B) arachnoid mater and cerebrum
C) skull and arachnoid mater
D) arachnoid mater and dura mater
E) arachnoid mater and pia mater
61) The three major parts of the brain stem are the: 61) ______
A) basal nuclei, pineal body, and choroid plexus
B) dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
C) midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
D) thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus
E) cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon
