1.

Gui Zhi Tang (Gui Zhi Decoction) – Release the exterior using acrid & warm herbs
계지탕(桂枝湯) - 건구(乾嘔), 발열(發熱), 비명(鼻鳴), 상풍(傷風), 오풍(惡風), 자한(自汗), 태음병(太陰病), 한출(汗出)
Therapeutic actions TCM Pattern
 Regulates the exterior muscle layer and induces sweating (muscle layer)  Exogenous Wind Cold attack,
 Regulates the Ying & Wei resulting with the Exterior Vacuity Pattern
-> elegantly tonifies while releasing the exterior

 External Wind Cold attack, predominantly Wind factor damages the Wei causing unstable Ying, Ying and Wei disharmony, and disruption of Lung and Stomach Qi.
 Gui Zhi Tang disorder is progression of Ma Huang Tang disorder – externally-contracted Wind-Cold leading to an exterior Cold Vacuity condition due to disharmony between the Wei and Ying
Qi.
 There is aversion to Wind, heat effusion, and spontaneous sweating, which indicates the main pathological factor is the Wind evil.
 Wind is a Yang evil and it injures the Wei causing weakness in the interstices. The Wei Qi is drained out when damaged. This in turn disrupts the stabilising effect of the nourishing Ying.
 Ying and Wei disharmony Pattern (Shang Han Run) – this reflects Wind factor affecting the Wei and causing unstable Ying.
Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis
 Headache, stiff neck  External Wind-Cold invades the muscles and the exterior, it impedes the flow of Qi in the channels (e.g. Taiyang)
 Heat effusion (Fa Re)  The battle between the external pathogenic influence and the normal Qi
 Aversion to Wind  The opening of interstices and pores (sweating) makes the person more sensitive to the environment, hence aversion to wind.
 Sweating  Wei Qi weaken from the battle with external Wind-Cold, causing inability to guarding Ying Qi properly. The Ying Qi therefore becomes
unstable and is unable to contain the fluids, resulting in sweating. The sweating doesn’t lead to any improvement in the condition due to weak
Wei Qi behind it.
 No thirst  When there is fever due to exterior Cold, there is no particular thirst.
 Retching  When exterior LU Wei is weakened by an external attack, the pathogenic factor enters the interior through the nose (opening of LU), skin and
 Heavy sound from the nostril, nasal interstices (related to LU and ST). This disrupts the Qi mechanism of Tai Yin (LU, SP) and Yang Ming (LI, ST) system.
congestion
 Thin white coating tongue  Exterior condition hence tongue not much affected yet
 Floating and moderate or floating and weak  Floating (pathogenic factor is in the exterior)
pulse  Moderate or Weak (the sweating opens up the superficial levels of the body hence relaxtion of the pulse)
Role Herbs Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions
channel
Jun  Gui Zhi 9g  Acrid, sweet  LU  Releases muscle layer and exterior by venting the Ying and unblocking Simultaneously enhance the ability of Wei Qi
 Warm  BL, HT the Wei to dispel pathogenic factors while
 Warms the meridians and expel Wind Cold strengthening the Ying Qi
Che  Bai Shao 9g  Sour, bitter  LR  Benefits the Yin and constrains the Ying (Gui Zhi – Ying & Wei, Bai Shao – Yin, Ying)
n  Slightly Cold  SP  Regulate Ying & Wei from exterior
 Regulate sweating by restraining excessive sweating
Zuo  Sheng Jiang 9g  Acrid  LU  Releases the exterior and expels Wind Cold Benefit Middle Qi (SP) which rises to regulate
 Warm  SP, ST  Warms the Middle Jiao and harmonises Stomach / Stops retching Ying and Wei Qi from Middle Jiao
 Da Zao 1  Sweet  HT  Benefits the Qi and harmonises the Middle Jiao
2  Warm  SP, ST  Nourishes the Spleen and produces Jin Ye

p
c
Shi  Zhi Gan Cao 6g  Sweet, Warm  LU, HT, SP,  Benefits the Qi and harmonises the Middle Jiao
ST
Special Feature
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 Ma Huang Tang – aversion to cold, heat effusion, and no sweating; Gui Zhi Tang – aversion to wind, heat effusion, and spontaneous sweating
 Gan Cao & Gui Zhi – sweet and acriod nature enhances transforming the Yang Qi to reinforce the Wei
 Gan Cao and Bai Shao – sweet and sour nature enhances transforming the Yin Qi to harmonise the Ying

2. Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang (Nine-herbs Decoction with Qiang Huo) – Release the exterior using acrid & warm herbs

구미강활탕(九味羌活湯) - 골절동통(骨節疼痛), 두통(頭痛), 발열오한무한(發熱惡寒無汗)

Composition Therapeutic actions TCM Pattern

 Qiang Huo Taiyang, W-C-D  Promotes sweating and expels dampness  Exogenous Wind-Cold-Damp attack,
 Fang Feng Shao Yang, Jue Yin, Wind  Clears internal heat concurrent with internal heat (mild) pattern
 Cang Zhu Tai Yin, Damp
 Xi Xin Shaoyin, Wind-Cold, Pain  When exogenous Wind-Damp-Cold pathogen invades, it becomes more pronounced if the person has predisposition to Wind-Damp-
 Bai Zhi YangMing, Wind-Cold, Bi Cold.
 Chuan Xiong Blood, Win, Pain  Wind attacks the system, Cold damages Yang, and Damp causes heaviness.
 Sheng Di Huang Heat  Heat becomes more pronounced if the person has predisposition to internal heat.
 Huang Qin Heat
 Gan Cao Harmonise
Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis
 Aversion to cold  Signs of disruption of Qi mechanism of the Wei Yang and Ying Qi along the Jing Mai
 Heat effusion (fever) (Exogenous Wind-Cold S&S)
 Stiff neck, headache
 Heavy and aching sensation of limbs and  External damp invades the body
body
 Bitter taste  Heat accumulates internally
 Slight thirst
 White or yellowish coat  Pathogenic factor is still in the exterior
 Floating

Role Herbs Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions

Jun  Qiang Huo 6g  Acrid, bitter  BL  Enters the Leg Tai Yang channel Major herb for dispersing exterior Wind-
 Warm  KD  Disperses Wind Cold and dispels Wind Damp Damp-Cold
 Benefits the joints
Che  Fang Feng 6g  Acrid, sweet  BL  Enters the Shao Yang and Jue Yin Channels Assist Qiang Huo to disperse Wind-Damp
n  Slightly warm  LR, SP  Disperses Wind by sweating
 Cang Zhu 6g  Acrid, bitter  LR, SP, ST  Enters the Tai Yin channel;
 Warm  Expels Dampness
Zuo  Xi Xin 3g  Acrid, Sl toxic  HT, LU, KD  Enters the Shao Yin channel Assist Qiang Huo in releasing exterior
 Warm  Disperse Wind-Cold and unblocks the collaterals and treating the head and body aches
 Bai Zhi 3g  Acrid  LU, ST, LI  Enters the Yang Ming channel (Pain)
 Warm  Expels Wind-Cold and manages painful Bi pattern
 Chuan Xiong 3g  Acrid  LR, GB, PC  Expels Wind
 Warm  Moves Qi and invigorates Blood -> activates blood stasis and stops
pain
 Sheng Di 3g  Sweet, bitter  HT, LR, KD  Clears and drains internal heat Harmonises the other warming and

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 Huang  Cold drying herbs (Qiang Huo, Fang Feng,
 Huang Qin 3g  Bitter  LU, GB, SP, ST, LI, SI Cang Zhu)
 Cold
Shi  Gan Cao 3g  Sweet  HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises the middle Jiao Regulates other herbs in the formula
 Neutral

3. Sang Ju Yin (San Ye (Mulberry leaves) and Ju Hua (Chrysanthemum flowers) Decoction – Release the exterior using acrid & cooling herbs
상국음(桑菊飮) -풍온초기(風溫初期)의 해수(咳嗽), 신열(身熱)은 경(輕), 구미갈(口微渴)

Composition Therapeutic actions TCM Pattern

 Sang Ye Wind-heat  Pacifies Wind and clears Heat  Early onset of Wind-warmth pattern
 Ju Hua  Disperses the LU and stops coughing (Heat in Wei level)
 Bo He  The Wind-Heat pattern of San Ju Yin is relatively milder in comparison to that of Yin Qiao San.
 Xing Ren LU Qi, Coughing  Wind Warmth evil pathological factor attacks the LU system. Wen Bing describes the path of pathological factor normally entering through the skin,
 Jie Geng nose, and into the LU system, in particular the LU Wei and Luo Mai system
 Lian Qiao Dispersing, sore  Wen Bing – Wind Heat affecting the Wei level of Wei Qi Ying Xue pattern identification
throat  Zang Fu & Jing Luo – LU channel Wind Heat affecting the LU Wei
 Lu Gen thirst  The pathological factor is still relatively mild and superficial. This only affects the dispersing function of the LU in particular.
 Gan Cao harmonise  The treatment strategy is to disperse Wind-Heat factor, to clear the mild Heat, and to reinstate dispersing function of the LU.

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis

 Primarily cough  Rebellious Qi of the LU
 Body feels warm and slight thirst  Wind Heat factor is still relatively mild
 Thin white coating tongue  Condition is still in the exterior
 Floating and slightly rapid pulse  Exterior Wind-Heat
Role Herbs Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions
channel
Jun  Sang Ye 7.5  Sweet, Bitter  LU  Disperses Wind-Heat Release the Exterior Wind-Heat
g  Cold  LR  Ventilates and clears Heat from the LU collaterals
 Ju Hua 3g  Acrid, Sweet,  LU  Disperses Wind-Heat from the upper jiao, including that which affects
Bitter  LR the eyes
 Slightly Cold  Stabilises the LU
Che  Bo He 2.5  Acrid  LU  Disperses Wind-Heat and ventilates the exterior Strengthen exterior releasing property
n g  Cool  LR
 Xing Ren 6g  Bitter, Sl  LU  Descends Lu Qi to stop coughing Assist Sang Ye and Ju Hua by facilitation
toxic  LI the flow of LU Qi, which stops
 Sl Warm coughing
 Jie Geng 6g  Acrid, bitter  LU  Disperses LU Qi and transform phlegm
 Neutral  Soothe the throat
Zuo  Lian Qiao 4.5  Bitter, Sl Cold  HT, LU  Light nature possesses dispersing action  Strengthen exterior  Stop Heat developing further sore
g  SI releasing property throat
 Clears Heat above the diaphragm
 Lu Gen 6g  Sweet  LU  Clears Heat and generates fluid
 Cold  ST  Quenches thirst

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Shi  Gan Cao 5g  Sweet  HT, LU  Harmonises other substances
 Neutral  SP, ST  Gan Cao and Jie Geng soothe the throat

Special Feature
 Sang Ye, Ju Hua, Bo He – treat throat, eye problems due to heat
 San Ju Yin (Heat in Wei level, Cough with itchness) & Yin Qiao San (Heat in the Qi level, cough with sore throat; extreme heat turning into toxin; probably tiredness due to Qi affected)

4. Yin Qiao San (Yin Hua and Liao Qiao Powder) – Release the exterior using acrid & cooling herbs
은교산(銀翹散) - 온병초기의 발열무한 혹 유한, 해수인통, 두통, 구갈

Composition Therapeutic actions TCM Pattern

 Lian Qiao Wind-Heat, Toxins  Ventilate the exterior by using acrid and cool herbs  Early onset of Warm disease (Wen Bing),
 Jin Yin Hua  Clears heat and resolves toxin Wind-Heat pattern (Heat in Qi level)
 Bo He Wind-Heat,  Early-onset of Warm disease which enters through the nose and mouth and attacks the Lung (LU and the Wei represent
 Niu Bang Zi Sore Throat the intangible outermost exterior system of the organism)
 Jing Jie Exterior-releasing, ventilate Heat
 Dan Dou
Chi
 Lu Gen Heat, Thirst
 Zhu Ye
 Jie Geng Sore throat
 Gan Cao
Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis
 Heat effusion (fever)  LU Wei (the exterior) is affected by Wind-Heat evil Qi
 Slight aversion to wind and cold
 Headache
 No sweat or very little sweat  Wind-Heat obstructs Wei system, as well as the Cou Li (interstices tissue structure including the pores in the skin) hence there is no
sweating.
 When Wei Qi regains its strength momentarily during the battle, there will be little sweat
 Thirst  Wind Heat evil Qi affects (burns) the throat and fluid
 Sore throat
 Cough  Wind-Heat evil Qi enters the LU, through the mouth and nose, into the system. It affects the dispersing function of the LU
 Red tip; thin white or slightly yellow coating  Heat evil Qi is still in the exterior
 Floating and rapid  Presence of superficial Heat
Role Herbs Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions
channel
Jun  Lian Qiao 15g  Bitter, Sl Cold  HT, LU, SI  Releases Heat from the exterior
 Clears Heat and resolves toxin
 Jin Yin Hua 15g  Sweet, Cold  HT, LU, ST

Chen  Bo He 6g  Acrid, Cool  LU, LR  Disperses Wind-Heat Help Lian Qiao and Jin Yin Hua in releasing exterior Heat
 Resolves toxin and benefits the
 Niu Bang Zi 6g  Acrid, bitter, Cold  LU, ST throat Spread the LU Qi and improve the functioning of throat
 Jing Jie 4g  Acrid, Sl warm  LU, LR  Releases the exterior and Boost the exterior-releasing action without producing dryness
 Dan Dou Chi 5g  Acrid, bitter, Cool  LU, ST ventilates Heat Help Lian Qiao and Jin Yin Hua in releasing exterior Heat
(pushing pathogen out, rather than dispersing)
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Zuo/Shi  Lu Gen 15-30g  Sweet, Cold  LU, ST  Clears Heat and generates fluid; stop thirst
 Zhu Ye 4g  Acrid, sweet, bland,  HT
Cold  ST, SI
 Jie Geng 6g  Acrid, bitter, Neutral  LU  Disperses the LU and benefits the throat  The combination of Gan Cao and Jie Geng is
 Gan Cao 5g  Sweet, Neutral  HT, LU, SP, ST  Clears Heat and resolves toxin very effective for treating sore throat

5. Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major order Qi) - purge Heat accumulation (Cold purgatives)
대승기탕 [ 大承氣湯 ] - 상한이증(傷寒裏證)일때 대변이 약간 막히고 배가 약간 그득한 것을 천천히 설사시킬때 쓰이는 처방임
Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.115)
1. Constipation (Shi) and flatulence, abdominal distension (Pi) hard  Heat injuring Fluids, which become turbid. The Heat an d Turbidity of the fluids cause the stool to dry out
when pressed (Man, Zao), abdominal pain dislikes being pressed  The Heat and dry stool combine to form clumps, which obstruct the Orderly, downward movement of Qi
(Shi) through Intestines
1. Delirium, high fever (severe cases)  Blazing interior Heat
1. Afternoon tidal fever  Qi in the Yangming level of the body is strongest during 3-9 pm, body’s normal Qi and pathogenic factor
struggle for dominance, hence the fever is strongest during this time
1. Profuse sweating from the palms and soles  Heat in Yangming stage can transform the Fluids into steam, which is forced out
1. Dry yellow coating with prickles tongue  Dryness in the interior
1. Repletion/excessive and submerged
2. Bluish-green watery stool, with a strong foul smell, abdominal  Serious pathogenic Heat depletes Jin Ye in LI. The stools become compacted, dry and hard
and periumbilical pain, solid mass when palpated  As a result, only clear watery fluids upon defecation
2. dry mouth, dry tongue coat, rapid and slippery pulse  Strong foul smell indicates severe Heat

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

1. Yangming Fu Repletion  Yangming Fu syndrome – Heat accumulating and taking form clumps
2. Compacted stool accompanied by water fluids due to Heat and  Heat injuring Fluids, which become turbid. The Heat and Turbidity of the fluids cause the stool to dry out
accumulation  The Heat and dry stool combine to form clumps, which obstruct the Orderly, downward movement of Qi
 Strongly purges internal Heat and accumulation through Intestines
 This results in severe constipation with four types of abdominal disharmony – Pi (distension and discomfort
in epigastric region), Man (fullness), Zao (dry stool – firm abdomen), Shi (hardness, pain increases with
pressure)

Role Herbs (4) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Da Huang 12  Bitter, cold  PC, LR, SP, ST, LI  Drains downward and unblock bowel movement Downward, bowel movement
 Clears Yangming (ST, LI) YangMing Fu Shi (Repletion)
Chen  Mang xiao 6  Salty, bitter, cold  ST, LI  Softens had mass and moistens dryness Soften, Zao (dryness)
Yangming Fu Repletion
Zuo  Hou Po 24  Acrid, bitter,  LU, SP, ST, LI  Moves Qi and relieves repletion Fullness Moves Qi, Man (fullness)
warm
Shi  Zhi Shi 12  Acrid, bitter, sour  SP, ST, LI  Dissipates clumps and reduces distension Clumps, Pi (distension)

Special Feature
 Add Da Huang last 10 min for the effective purging effect
 Yangming Fu Repletion – drain downward and purge  strongest formula (Da Cheng Qi Tang – Pi, Man, Zao, Shi), milder (Xiao Cheng Qi Tang – Pi, Man, Shi, NO Zao), mildest (Tiao

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 Wei Cheng Qi Tang – Zao, Shi, No Pi, No Man)
 Compare with Yangming channel Heat – clear Heat

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6. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum (Chai Hu) Decoction) – Harmonise Shaoyang
소시호탕 [ 小柴胡湯 ] -오한(惡寒)과 신열(身熱)이 반복되는 것과 상한(傷寒)을 치료하는 처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.136)

 Intermittent fever and chills, fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region  Heat in the Shaoyang channels (Half-exterior aspect)
 T. thin white coat
 Bitter taste, dry throat, eye-dizziness, irritability Heat  Heat rising upward (Half-interior aspect)
 Nausea, no appetite  GB attacks ST
 Wiry pulse  LR and GB disorder

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

1. External Wind-Cold attack Shao Yang pattern 1. The Shaoyang level, or Half-exterior/half-interior disorder - the struggle between the Pathogenic factor,
2. Exogenous Wind-Cold attack turning into Heat, which enters the which is trying to penetrate deeper into the body, and normal Qi, which is trying to force it out
Blood chamber during Menses 2. Complex pattern – When contracted exogenous Wind Cold, it turns into Heat during Menstruation, hence
3. Miscellaneous disease manifesting with Shaoyang signs and the pathogenic factor can easily enter the Blood chamber disturbing the menstruation process (Deficient
symptoms Blood due to bleeding)
 Harmonises and releases Shao Yang system 3. Other disorders manifesting Shaoyang signs and symptoms – e.g. Jaundice, Malaria, Hepatitis

Role Herbs (7) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Chai Hu 24  Acrid, bitter, sl cold  LR, GB  Dredges LR/GB Qi Qi stasis (LR/GB)
 Ventilates evil Qi from the Shaoyang Evil Qi (Shaoyang)
Chen  Huang Qin 9  Bitter, cold  LU, GB, SP, ST, LI, SI  Clears and drains Shaoyang Heat Heat (Shaoyang)
 Particularly releases Heat from muscle Heat (muscle)
Zuo  Ban Xia 9  Acrid, sweet, toxic  LU, SP, ST  Harmonises ST and descends reversal Qi ST, Descends
 Sheng Jiang 9  Acrid, warm  LU, SP, ST  Suppresses nausea (Nausea)
Shi  Ren Shen 9  Sweet, sl bitter,  HT, LU, SP, ST  Benefits Qi and strengthen SP Qi, SP
sl warm  Gan Cao – harmonisese other herbs
 Da Zao 12p  Sweet, warm  SP, ST
 Zhi Gan Cao 6  Sweet, warm  HT, LU, SP, ST

Special Feature
 Chai Hu (spreads LR Qi with ascending) + Huang Qin (drain Heat from LR/GB) – drains Heat without causing it to sink deeper into the body
 Ban Xia + Sheng Jiang – harmonises the middle burner, directs rebellious Qi downward  stops nausea and vomiting
 Ren Shen, Da Zao, Zhi Gan Cao – support the normal Qi and prevent the pathogenic factor from penetrating into the interior
 Sheng Jiang + Da Zao – mildly regulate Wei and Ying Qi
 Zhi Gan Cao and Da Zao – moderates drying and acrid properties of Sheng Jiang and Ban Xia

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7. Si Ni San (Frigid Extremities Powder) – Regulate and harmonise the LR and SP
사역산[四逆散] -상한병(傷寒病)에 수족(手足)이 저절로 열(熱)이 나서 따뜻해졌다가 다시 차가워지는 것은 전경(傳經)된 사기(邪氣) 때문인데, 이러한 증상을 치료하는 처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.145)

1. Cold extremities (fingers and toes, mild)  Constrained Yang Qi unable to flow to the fingers and toes (Yang Qi distribution problem)
 LR Qi stasis affecting SP and disrupting SP function of distributing Qi to the extremities
 Different from serious condition of cold hands and feet due to Real Yang Vacuity
1. Slight body heat  Constrained Yang Qi with disruption of Qi flow accumulates Heat
1. Cough, palpitation  Constrained Yang Qi in HT and Chest region
1. Disruption of urination  Disruption of Qi affects the San Jiao Water pathway and its water-fluid metabolism
2. Distended sensation of hypochondriac region, abdominal pain,  LR Qi stasis affecting SP Qi sluggishness
diarrhoea, loose stool
Wiry pulse  LR Qi stasis or Yang Qi constraint

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

1. Constrained Yang Qi pattern with Cold extremities (fingers & toes)  External pathogenic factor enters the interior and causes disruption of the overall Qi mechanism, especially
2. LR Qi stasis affecting SP and ST Qi sluggishness the normal flow of Yang Qi.
 Ventilates the pathogenic factor and releases stagnation  Other effects of disruption of Qi mechanism include dynamic of up and down function of Qi, creating a
 Pacifies LR and regulates SP chaotic Qi flow

Role Herbs (4) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Chai Hu 6  Acrid, bitter, sl cold  LR, GB  Pacifies LR and relieves stagnation LR (pacify), Stasis
 Ventilates evil Qi and lifts Yang Qi up (Ascending) Yang Qi up
Chen  Bai Shao 6  Bitter, sour, sl cold  LR, SP  Constrains the Yin and drains the Heat LR (soften, tonify)
 Tonifies the Blood and nourishes LR Blood, Yin, Heat
Zuo  Zhi Shi 6  Acrid, bitter, sour,  SP, ST, LI  Moves Qi and disperses stasis in SP (Descending) Qi, SP (stasis)
warm
Shi  Gan Cao 6  Sweet, neutral  HT, LU, SP, ST  Moderates ‘urgency’ and stop pain Pain
 Harmonises other herbs Harmonise

Special Feature
 Chai Hu (disperse) and Bai Shao (constrain) – effectively disseminate LR Qi without injuring LR Yin
 Chai Hu (ascending, LR Qi) and Zhi Shi (descending, Middle Jiao Qi) – together smoothe dispersing of Heat due to constraint
 Si Ni San (LR Qi/Yang Qi constraint, SP Qi sluggishness ) vs Xiao Yao San (LR Stasis, SP Weakness, Blood Vacuity)

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8. Xiao Yao San (RamblingPowder) - Regulate and harmonise the LR and SP
소요산 [ 逍遥散 ] -오심번열(五心煩熱), 월경부조(月經不調), 한열학(寒熱瘧), 혈허(血虛)를 치료하는 처방임.

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.147)

 Hypochondriac pain  LR Qi stasis
 Painful and distended breasts, irregular menses  LR Qi stasis for women
 Intermittent fever and chills  LR Qi stasis affecting its related channel, GB and leads to Shaoyang stage signs
 Headache, eye-dizziness, dry mouth and throat  LR Qi stasis and Blood Vacuity signs
 Lethargy, no appetite, eating less  SP Vacuity signs
 Pale tongue  LR Stasis and Blood Vacuity
 Wiry and Vacuity

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Liver Qi Stasis, Blood Vacuity, Spleen Weakness  LR Qi stasis with Blood Vacuity. LR controls over the SP excessively due to constraint Qi, hence this leads to
SP Vacuity. Vacuity of SP results in Blood Vacuity
 Pacifies LR and relieves stagnation  Blood Vacuity can cause LR Stasis. LR, a Yin organ, which stores Blood, depends upon the Yang to carry out its
 Tonifies SP and harmonises Blood spreading function. But if the supply of LR blood is insufficient, a surplus of Qi may ensue, leading to
constrained LR Qi (LR Qi stasis)

Role Herbs (8) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Chai Hu 9  Acrid, bitter, sl cold  LR, GB  Pacifies LR and relieves stagnation LR (pacify), Stasis
Chen  Bai Shao 9  Bitter, sour  LR, SP  Nourishes Yin and softens LR LR (soften), Yin
 Dang Gui 9  Acrid, sweet, warm  HT, LR, SP  Nourishes and harmonises Blood Blood
Zuo  Bai Zhu 9  Sweet, bland, warm  SP, ST  Tonifies SP and benefits Qi SP, Qi
 Fu Ling 9  Sweet, bland, neutral  HT, SP, KD
 Bo He Fe  Acrid, cool  LU, LR  Assists Chai Hu in pacifying LR and relieving stagnation Assist Chai Hu
w
 Pao Jiang = 1  Acrid, warm  LU, SP, ST  Warms ST and harmonises Middle Jiao ST, Middle Jiao
Sheng Jiang
(fried)
Shi  Gan Cao 4.5  Sweet, neutral  HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises other herbs

Special Feature
 Bai Shao + Gan Cao – moderate spasmodic abdominal pain
 Bo He (small amount) – enhances Chai Hu’s ability to relieve LR Qi stagnation, and to disperse the Heat due to the constraint

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9. Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (Augmented Rambling Powder) – Regulate and harmonise the Liver and Spleen
가미소요산(加味逍遙散) - 두통(頭痛), 한열왕래(寒熱往來), 현훈(眩暈), 신경통(神經痛)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Liver and Spleen Blood Vacuity creating vacuity heat pattern  SP produces Blood and LR stores Blood.
 Blood Vacuity can cause LR Stasis. LR, a Yin organ, which stores Blood, depends upon the Yang to carry out its
 Pacifies Liver and relieves stagnation
spreading function. But if the supply of LR blood is insufficient, a surplus of Qi may ensue, leading to constrained
 Nourishes Blood and strengthen Spleen LR Qi (LR Qi stasis).
 Clears Heat and cools Blood  LR controls over the SP excessively due to constraint Qi, hence this leads to SP Vacuity. Vacuity of SP results in
Blood Vacuity and LR doesn’t have enough Blood to store, which is a vicious cycle.
 If the supply of Liver Blood is insufficient, a surplus of Qi may ensue, which is known as constrained LR Qi.
 When LR Qi is stagnated in the channel (constrained LR Qi), it creates Heat, which is a vacuity Heat in this case.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Blood vacuity and LR stasis leads to creating vacuity Heat.  Irritability Heat, bad temper
 Spontaneous sweating/night sweat
Heat irritates the Head and the orifices. Heat consumes fluids.  Headache, irritating (dry) eyes, red cheek, dry mouth
SP deficiency and LR Qi stagnation sign  Lower abdominal distension or pulling sensation
LR Qi stagnation sign for women  Irregular painful menses
Heat consumes fluids  Irritating urination
Heat sign  T. red thin yellow coating
Heat, vacuity, LR Qi stagnation sign  P. wiry, vacuity, rapid

Role Herbs (10) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Chai Hu 9 Acrid, bitter, sl cold LR, GB  Pacifies LR and relieves stagnation LR (pacify), Stasis
Chen  Dang Gui 9 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Nourishes and harmonises Blood Blood

 Bai Shao 9 Bitter, sour LR, SP  Nourishes Yin and softens LR LR (soften), Yin

Zuo  Bai Zhu 9 Sweet, bland, warm SP, ST  Tonifies SP and benefits Qi SP, Qi
 Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, KD
neutral
 Gan Cao 4.5 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises other herbs ST, Middle Jiao
Shi  Sheng Jiang 1 Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Warms ST and harmonises Middle Jiao
slice
 Bo He A Acrid, cool LU, LR  Assists Chai Hu in pacifying LR and relieving stagnation Assist Chai Hu
few
 Mu Dan Pi 3 Bitter, spicy, sl cold HT, LR, KD  Clears Vacuity Heat Heat
 Zhi Zi 3 Bitter, cold HT, LU, ST, LR, TE  Drain Heats and eliminates irritability

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10. Dang Gui Shao Yao San (Dang Gui and Shao Yao Powder) – Regulate and harmonise the Liver and Spleen
당귀작약산(當歸芍藥散)-기핍(氣乏), 산후혈운(産後血暈), 심하급(心下急), 심하만(心下滿), 임신복통(妊娠腹痛)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Liver Blood Vacuity and Spleen Vacuity  Originally this formula is for treating pregnant women with acute spasmodic abdominal pain disorder or any
with Damp Accumulation spasmodic abdominal pain in Gynecology.
 Nourishes Blood and softens Liver  The aetiology is Liver Blood insufficiency, resulting in an impairment of ‘free-flowing’ nature of the Liver. The
 Leaches Dampness and strengthens Spleen Liver is deprived of its nourishment, hence manifesting in spasmodic pain in the abdomen region of the Liver
 Moderates urgency and stops pain channel.
 Insufficient Blood leads to failure of nourishing Heart and LR Qi constraint, which causes SP weakness hence
internal damp accumulation.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

LR Blood vacuity leads to LR Qi stasis in the LR channel  Acute abdominal pain with oedema
Blood vacuity and Liver stasis  Pale complexion, dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus
Blood is not nourishing Heart  Palpitation
Spleen weakness and blood vacuity leads to disturbance of the  Fatigue, cold hands and feet, oedema of the lower limbs, abnormal urination
function of Yang Qi
Blood vacuity, Damp accumulation  T. pale, white greasy coat
SP weakness, blood vacuity, LR stasis  P. moderate, slippery, fine or fine and wiry

Role Herbs (6) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Shao Yao 30 Sour, sweet, bitter, LR, SP  Nourishes Blood and contains Yin Blood, yin, pain
(Bai Shao) sl cold  Moderates the acuteness and stops pain
Chen  Bai Zhu 12 Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST  Strengthens SP and dries Dampness SP, Damp
Zuo  Chuan Xiong 9 Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC  Facilitates ‘free-flow’ of LR Qi LR Qi, Blood Stasis
 Invigorates Blood and moves stasis
 Dang Gui 9 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Nourishes and invigorates Blood LR Blood
 Reinforces the action of Shao Yao to nourish the LR Blood
 Assists Chuan Xiong to invigorate Blood; hence regulates LR
 Fu Ling 12 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, KD  Leaches out Dampness and strengthens Spleen Damp, SP, HT calming
neutral  Calms the Heart
 Ze Xie 15 Sweet, cold KD, BL  Leaches and percolates Dampness Damp, Oedema
 Reduces oedema

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11. Tong Xie Yao Fang (Important Formula for Painful Diarrhoea) – Regulate and harmonise the LR and SP
통사요방 [ 痛瀉要方 ] -배가 아프면서 묽은 설사(泄瀉)가 그치지 않는 것을 치료하는 처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis

 Diarrhoea with abdominal pain  Collapse of SP Qi, caused by SP’s inability to transport nutrients upward, hence the resulting turbidity descends and causes diarrhoea
 The Pain is caused by the rebellion of LR Qi
 Borborygmus  The combination of the descent of the turbidity and the rebellion of LR Qi leads to borborygmus
 Pain is reduced after defecation  It indicates constraint
 Wiry or moderate pulse  Reflects LR constraint and SP Vacuity
 Thin white coating tongue  Internally-generated dampness is directed downward, hence it does not affect the tongue

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Painful Diarrhea due to overdispersing function of LR and SP Vacuity  Painful diarrhoea due to SP Vacuity with an over-dispersing function of LR
 Because its mutual relationship between SP and LR, the presence of one leads to the development of the
 Tonify SP and soften LR other
 Expel Dampness and stop painful diarrhoea

Role Herbs (4) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Bai Zhu 6  Sweet, bitter,  SP, ST  Tonifies SP and dries Dampness SP, Dampness
warm
Chen  Bai Shao 6  Bitter, sour,  LR, SP  Nourishes Blood and softens LR LR (soften), Blood
 Sl Cold  Moderates acuteness and stops Pain Pain
Zuo  Chen Pi 4.5  Acrid, bitter,  LU, SP  Regulates Qi and dries Dampness Qi mover , SP/ST(regulation),
warm  Facilitates the SP/ST function Damp

Zuo,  Fang Feng 3  Acrid, sweet,  LR, SP, BL  Enters LR and SP Diarrhoea (stop), SP/LR herb
Shi  Sl Warm  Facilitates SP Yang function and disperses LR Stasis LR stasis (disperse)

Special Feature
 Fang Feng – enters both LR and SP and relieves the over-controlling of SP by LR, while focusing the actions of all the herbs on SP and LR  stop diarrhoea

Page | 12
12. Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang (Ban Xia Decoction to drain the Epigastria) – Harmonise Cold and Hot in the Intestines and Stomach
반하사심탕(半夏瀉心湯) - 구역(嘔逆), 상한삼음병(傷寒三陰病), 심하비만(心下痞滿)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Pi (glomus) below the Heart disorder due to Cold and Hot clumping  This type of focal distension is due to improper purging of an exterior or half-exterior, half-interior condition in a
patient with underlying ST deficiency. Purging aggravates the ST deficiency and causes the pathogenic influence
 Harmonises Cold and Hot pathogenic complexes
to sink into the interior, where it produces clumping in the epigasgtric region and focal distension.
 Disperses clumping and eliminates focal distension  The epigastrium is soft, and palpation will reveal no masses or areas of hardness. There is only slight pain, or no
pain at all.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Cold-heat complex in the middle jiao  Sensation of fullness (Man) but no pain
Pi generates heat; the heat injures ST Qi, leading to cold  Nausea/vomiting, borborygmus, diarrhoea
Interfere with SP function of raising clear yang and ST function of
directing turbid yin downwards (excess and deficiency)
Turbid yin and clumping of pathogen in middle jiao  T. Greasy thin yellow coating
 P. Nil.

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Ban Xia 12 Acrid, warm, toxic LU, SP, ST  Reduces ‘Pi’ focal distension and disperses clumping Pi, ST reversal Qi
 Harmonises ST and descends reversal Qi
Chen  Gan Jiang 9 Acrid, Hot HT, LU, SP, ST, KD  Warms the Middle and expels Cold Middle, Cold, ST
 Harmonises Stomach
 Huang Qin 9 Bitter, Cold LU, GB, SP, ST, LI, SI  Clears Heat Heat, clumping downward
 Huang Lian 3 Bitter, Cold HT, GB, SP, ST, LI  Drains clumping downward
Zuo  Ren Shen 9 Sweet, sl bitter, sl LU, SP, (HT)  Benefits Qi and tonifies SP Qi, SP, Middle Jiao
warm  Harmonises the Middle Jiao
 Da Zao 12 Sweet, warm HT, SP, ST
Shi  Gan Cao 9 

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13. Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) - Clear Heat from the Qi system
백호탕 [ 白虎湯 ] -양명병(陽明病)일때 땀이 많이 나고 번갈(煩渴)이 나면서 맥(脈)이 홍대(洪大)한 것을 치료하는 처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.70)

 Strong Heat  Blazing Heat in Yangming channel or Qi level
 Heat enters the interior
 Red complexion  Severe Heat in Yangming channel which travels the Head and Face
 Irritability Heat, thirst, dislikes Heat  Dries fluids in the ST channel (upper Yangming channel)
 Profuse Sweating  Although it is regarded as an interior condition, it remains in the relatively superficial level of the channels,
hence the Heat primarily affects the superficial and upper aspects of the body
 Heat forces out the fluids
 Flooding, huge, forceful pulse  Strong Pathogenic factor in the Yangming channel or Qi level
 Yellow, dry tongue coating  Signs of Heat in the Yangming channel or Qi level

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Heat excess disorder of the Yangming Channel  The blazing Heat in the Yangming channel or the Qi level
Heat in the Qi system  The Yangming channel contains an abundance of Qi and Blood. When a strong pathogenic factor attacks the
 Clears Heat channel in a person of robust health, the result is a disorder of ”Big Fours” – Big fever, Big thirst, Big sweating, Big
 Promotes Fluids pulse

Role Herbs (4) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Shi Gao 50  Acrid, sweet,  LU, ST  Acrid nature can penetrate the exterior Severe Heat in Yangming,
 very cold  Releases the muscle and expels the Heat Jin Ye, Thirst
 Promotes Jin Ye and quenches thirst
Chen  Zhi Mu 18  Bitter, sweet, cold  LU, ST, KD  Clears and drains Heat in the LU and ST Heat in Yangming
 Nourishes the Yin and promotes the Jin Ye Yin, Jin Ye
Zuo,  Gan Cao 6  Sweet, neutral  HT, LU, SP, ST  Benefits ST and protects Jin Ye ST, Middle Jiao
Shi  Geng Mi 9  Sweet, sl cold  SP, ST  Protects the Middle Jiao from the Cold and bitter nature of Shi Gao Jin Ye
and Zhi Mu

Special Feature
 Use it only for ‘big four’ condition

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14. Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang (Zhu Ye and Shi Gao Decoction) - Clear Heat from the Qi system
죽엽석고탕 [ 竹葉石膏湯 ] -상한(傷寒)이 나은 후 남은 열(熱)이 있거나, 양명증(陽明證)에 저절로 땀이 나고 번갈(煩渴)이 있는 것과 나은 후 허번(虛煩)이 있는 것을 치료하는
처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.72)

 Body Heat (Fever), abundant sweating  Qi-level Heat lingering
 Injures the Qi
 Heat vexation and stifling sensation in the chest and Heart region  Heat obstructing the flow of Qi
 Nausea  Disharmony of Qi flow in the ST and LU
 Dry mouth, likes to drink  Injury to the yin and fluids
 Restlessness, insomnia  Heat disturbs the spirit
 Red tongue with little coating  Complex repletion (Heat) and deficiency (Fluids Vacuity)
 Find, Rapid pulse

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Residual Heat damaging Qi and Jin Ye pattern after:  Qi and Jin Ye are both damaged by the residual Heat in post Shang Han (exogenous Wind-Cold), post Wen
1) externally-contracted Wind Cold turning into Heat Bing (exogenous Febrile disease), or post Shu Bing (exogenous Summer-Heat disease)
2) externally-contracted Warm disease  It usually occurs during the recovery stage or in the aftermath of Heat have subsided, but a low-graded fever
3) externally-contracted Summer Heat with sweating may remain
 Clears Heat and promotes Fluids  Heat in the Qi level
 Benefits Qi and harmonises ST

Role Herbs (7) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Shi Gao 50  Acrid, sweet, very  LU, ST  Clears Heat and promotes fluids production Heat in Qi level (LU, ST),
cold Fluids
 Zhu Ye 6  Acrid, sweet,  HT, ST, SI  Clears Heat and calms irritability Heat Heat in Qi level (HT, ST),
bland, cold  Reinforces the cooling effect of Shi Gao Irritability Heat
Chen  Ren Shen 6  Sweet, sl bitter,  LU, SP, (HT)  Benefits Qi and promotes fluids production Qi (Ren shen)
sl warm  Nourishes the Yin Yin (Mai Men Dong)
 Mai Men Dong 20  Sweet, sl bitter,  HT, LU, ST Fluids (Both)
Sl Cold
Zuo  Ban Xia 10  Acrid, warm, toxic  LU, SP, ST  Harmonises ST and descends reversal Qi ST, descends Qi
 Acrid nature helps to distribute the fluid Distribute fluid
Shi  Geng Mi 10  Sweet, sl cold  SP, ST  Nourishes the ST and harmonises Middle Jiao ST, Middle Jiao
 Gan Cao 6  Sweet, neutral  HT, LU, SP, ST 

Special Feature
 Geng Mi and Gan Cao - Protect ST against injur from the cold nature of Shi Gao
 Simultaneously clear the residual Heat and tonify the deficiency of Qi is due to the combined action of Shi Gao and Ren Shen

Page | 15
15. Qing Ying Tang (Clear Heat in the Ying Level Decoction) - Clear Heat from the Ying system and cool the Blood
청영탕 [ 淸營湯 ] -몸의 열이 밤에 더 심해지고 심번(心煩)으로 인해 잠을 잘 못자며 섬어(譫語)하는 증상을 치료하는 처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.75)

 Body heat (fever) that gets worse at night  When a strong pathogenic factor enters the Ying level, there will be a high fever
 The Yin (associated with night) is affected, it worsens at night
 Restlessness, insomnia, may have delirious speech  Heat scorches the Heart and disturbs the sprit
 Thirst or no thirst  Thirst results from a ‘plundering’ of ST fluids and it indicates that Heat at the Qi level
 No thirst indicates the pathogenic factor completely moved to the Ying level
 Congealed rashes (faint, indistinct)  Heat is in the Ying level or on the verge of entering the Blood level
 Crimson tongue with dry coat and thorn  Signs of Heat in the Ying level
 Fine, rapid pulse

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Early onset of Heat entering the Ying  Heat entering the nutritive level
(excess, acute condition)
 Clears Heat from the Ying system and resolves toxin
 Ventilates the Heat and nourishes the Yin

Role Herbs (9) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Shui Niu Jiao 3  Bitter, cold  HT, LR  Clears Heat in the Ying and resolves toxin Heat in Ying, Toxin
0  Cools the blood and disperses stasis Blood Heat (HT Fire), stasis
 Sheng Di Huang 1  Sweet, bitter,  HT, LR, KD  Clears Heat in the Ying Heat in Ying
5 cold  Nourishes the Yin and cools the Blood Yin, Blood Heat
 Xuan Shen 9  Sweet, bitter,  LU, ST, KD  Nourishes the Yin Yin, Heat
salty, sl cold  Clears Heat and neutralises toxin Toxin (neutralize)
 Mai Men Dong 9  Sweet, sl  HT, LU, ST  Nourishes the Yin and promotes fluid production Yin, Fluids
bitter, cold
Zuo  Jin Yin Hua 9  Sweet, cold  HT, LU, ST  Ventilates Heat out from the Ying to Qi system Heat from Ying to Qi –Qi level
 Lian Qiao 6  Bitter, sl cold  HT, Lu, SI  Clears Heat and resolves Toxin Toxin
Shi  Dan Zhu Ye 3  Sweet, bland,  HT, ST, SI  Clears HT Fire HT Fire – Qi level
cold  Rids of irritability heat Irritability Heat
 Huang Lian 5  Bitter, cold  HT, SP, ST, GB, LI
 Dan Shen 6  Bitter, sl Cold  HT, PC, LR  Clears Heat and cools the Blood level Blood Heat
 Invigorates the Blood and relieves stasis Stasis

Special Feature
 Ying is connected to Heart – when Ying problems, Heart is affected  Huang Lian – Clear Heat in blood level, HT Fire because HT is related to Blood
 Animal product (Shui Niu Jiao) – influence on Blood system
 Zhu Ye (Heat in ST, HT) and Dan Zhu Ye (similar but clear Heat thru urination – stronger diuretic)

Page | 16
16. Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (Huang Lian Decoction to neutralize Toxicity) - Clear Heat from Zang Fu
황련해독탕 [ 黃連解毒湯 ] -열(熱)이 심하여 마음이 조급하고 괴로운 것, 삼초(三焦)의 실화(實火)를 두루 치료하는 처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.78)

1. Strong Fever, severe irritability Heat, dry mouth and throat, Delirium, Insomnia  The Fire toxin pervades the three jiaos and disturbs the spirit
 Heat injures the fluids
2. Heat disease with vomiting blood, nose bleed  Severe Heat induces recless movement of Blood (especially in the upper part of the body)

3. Toxic swelling, skin rash, sores, boils, carbuncles, abscesses  Injury to the blood vessels results in leakage to the skin and the formation of purpure or
rashes
 Heat obstructing the muscle layer produces carbuncles, boils, and other types of
suppuratives swellings
4. Body heat (fever) with dysentery or Damp Heat Jaundice  Fire toxin from constraints causes Damp-Heat

Red tongue with yellow coat, Rapid and forceful pulse  Presence of Fire toxin

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Repletion Heat and Fire Toxin in the San Jiao  Severe obstruction of the three jiaos by Fire Toxin, which pervades both the interior and exterior
 Toxin can develop when an external pathogenic influence is transformed by constraint, or from the
 Drains Fire accumulation of internally generated heat
 Resolves toxin

Role Herbs (4) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Huang Lian 9  Bitter, cold  HT, SP, ST, GB, LI  Clears HT Heat and drains Fire HT Heat, Fire
(systemic Heat)
Chen  Huang Qin 6  Bitter, cold  LU, GB, SP, ST, LI, SI  Clears LU Heat and drains Fire in the upper jiao LU Heat, Upper Jiao Fire
Zuo  Huang Bai 6  Bitter, cold  KD, Bl, LI  Clears Heat from the Lower Jiao Heat in Lower Jiao
Shi  Zhi Zi 9  Bitter, Cold  HT, LU, SJ  Clears Heat from the San Jiao and directs Heat downward Heat in San Jiao, Downward
(urination) Irritability, toxin

Special Feature
 All bitter and cold herbs hence not for long-term use
 Huang Lian – drains HT Fire hence it can cause Heat (Fire) is drained from the entire body (Systemic Heat)
 Use for all types of Fire Toxin obstructing the three jiaos

Page | 17
17. Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Long Dan Cao Decoction to Drain the Liver Fire) - Clear Heat from Zang Fu
용담사간탕 [ 龍膽瀉肝湯 ] -간담경(肝膽經)에 실화(實火)가 치성하고 습열(濕熱)이 있어 옆구리가 아프고 귀가 잘 들리지 않으며 담즙이 넘쳐나와 입이 쓴 것을 치료하는 처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.96)

 Headache, red eyes, bitter taste  Signs of LR Fire blazing
 Hypochondriac pain  LR channel traverses the hypochondria, and its corresponding organ is the eye
 Hearing loss  GB channel starts at the eyes and crosses the lateral aspect (including frontal and occipital areas) of
 Irritability Heat the Head
 Red tongue with yellow coating, wiry/forceful/rapid pulse  When Heat Excess enters these channels, it becomes constrained and cannot drain out, hence this
leads to Fire blazing upward to the Head
 Genital disorders, urinary tract infection, foul-smelling leucorrhoea,  Signs of LR/GB Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao
frequent and turbid urination  LR channel traverses the external genitalia. (Lower Jiao). LR and GB is paired in exterior-interior
 Red tongue with greasy and yellow coating, wiry/forceful pulse relationship.
 GB and SJ are both Shaoyang channels. A disturbance of one affects the other. When SJ channel is
affected, water metabolism is disturbed and internal dampness is generated
 Accumulation of dampness generates Heat

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

LR and GB Repletion Heat rising upward (LR Fire)  The Heat Excess in the LR and GB Channels – Liver Fire (upper) or Damp-Heat in LR/GB (middle, Lower)
LR and GB Damp-Heat converging in the Lower Jiao
 Clears LR and GB Repletion Heat
 Drains Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao (LR/GB)

Role Herbs (10) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Long Dan Cao 6  Bitter, cold  LR, GB  Drains LR/GB Repletion Heat (Upper Jiao) LR/GB Fire (upper jiao)
 Eliminates Damp Heat (Lower Jiao) LR/GB Damp-Heat (lower jiao)
Chen  Huang Qin 9  Bitter, cold  LU, GB, SP, ST, LI, SI  Enters LR, GB, and SJ LR, GB, SJ
 Zhi Zi 9  Bitter, cold  HT, LU, SJ  Drains Fire and resolves toxin Fire, Toxin, Damp, Heat
 Clears Heat and dries Damp
Zuo  Chuan Mu Tong 6  Bland, bitter, cold  HT, LU, BL, SI  Drains Heat and leaches Dampness Heat (upper jiao)
 Che Qian Zi 9  Sweet, sl cold  LU, LR, KD, SI  Expels Damp Heat through urination Damp Heat (lower jiao)
 Ze Xie 9  Sweet, cold  KD, BL Urination
 Sheng Di Huang 6  Sweet, bitter, cold  HT, LR, KD  Nourishes Yin and tonifies Blood Yin
 Dang Gui 3  Acrid, sweet, warm  HT, LR, SP  LR stores the Blood. By nourishing Blood without causing stasis, effectly the LR Blood
LR is being looked after
 Chai Hu 6  Acrid, bitter, sl cold  LR, GB  Pacifies and relieves the LR/GB Qi stagnation LR/GB Qi stagnation
 Disperses Heat due to constrained LR/GB Qi
Shi  Gan Cao 6  Sweet, neutral  HT, LU, SP, ST  Benefits the Qi and harmonises the Middle Jiao Qi, Middle Jiao

Special Feature
 Chuan Mu Tong – Expel Excess Damp Heat in Zang through urination (SI, BL)
 Chai Hu – focuses the actions of the other herbs on the LR and GB channels

Page | 18
18. Xie Bai San (Drain the White (Lung Heat) Powder - Clear Heat from Zang Fu
사백산 [ 瀉白散 ] -일명 사폐산(瀉肺散)이라고도 하고, 폐(肺)가 실(實)한 것을 치료하는 처방임(childhood disease)

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.90)

 Cough, wheezing  Hidden Heat causes the LU Qi to rebel
 Skin feels hot to touch (with light pressure)  Hidden Heat in the LU causes the skin feels hot to touch
 LU governs the skin (the ‘steaming heat’ from skin hence feels hot to touch with light pressure, not
like yangming heat from flesh which feels hot at all levels of pressure)
 Fever which is worse in the afternoon  Hidden Heat in LU injures the Yin of Lungs hence fever worsen when the LU Qi is at its lowest in the
afternoon
 Different from KD yin deficiency where there is fever only in the afternoon
 Dry mouth, thin and rapid pulse, red tongue with yellow coating  Heat sign

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Coughing and Wheezing disorder due to Hidden Fire in the Lung  Smothering Fire due to Hidden Heat in the Lungs

 Clears and drains Heat from the Lung

 Stops coughing and subdues wheezing

Role Herbs (4) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Sang Bai Pi 1  Sweet, cold  LU  Clears LU Heat LU Heat, Cough
5  Stops coughing
Chen  Di Gu Pi 1  Sweet, cold  LU, LR, KD  Directly enters the Yin system and clears Hidden Heat in the Lung Hidden Heat in LU
5  Reduces Vacuity Heat
Zuo,  Geng Mi 1  Sweet, sl Cold  SP, ST  Nourishes the ST and harmonises the Middle Jiao Harmonise
Shi 5  Help the mother (Earth, SP/ST) to nurture the child (Metal, LU) Middle Jiao
 Zhi Gan Cao 3  Sweet, warm  HT, LU, SP, ST

Special Feature
 Often used in Children with symptoms that alternate between excess and deficiency (cough, absence of sputum) – avoid the use of bitter and cold herbs for children
 If more of Hidden-heat than Vacuity Heat – increase dosage of Sang Bai Pi
 If more Vacuity Heat than Hidden-Heat – increase dosage of Di Gu Pi

Page | 19
19. Qing Wei San (Clear the Stomach Heat Powder) - Clear Heat from Zang Fu
청위산 [ 淸胃散 ] -위(胃)에 열(熱)이 있어서 위아래 치아가 참을 수 없이 아프고 뇌까지 땅기면서 얼굴이 달아오르는 것을 치료하는 처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p. 93)

 Especially toothache that extends into the head  The accumulation of Heat blocks the flow of Qi in the channel and gives rise to rebellious fire
 Facial swelling (inflammation), bad breath, painful and swollen mouth & jaw  Fire causes the flesh to fester
 Bleeding and sores of the gums  Fire injure the blood vessels
 Fever  ST Heat signs
 Red tongue with yellow coat
 Slippery and rapid pulse

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

ST Fire raging upward (Heat in the Yangming Channel)  Heat accumulation is ST, giving rise to rebellious Fire
 Yangming channel supplies the mouth and the teeth. The accumulation of Heat blocks the flow of the Qi in
 Clears ST Heat and cools the Blood the channel and gives rise to rebellious Fire

Role Herbs (4) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Huang Lian 6  Bitter, Cold  HT, LR, ST, LI  Directly clears Fire in the ST ST Fire (Middle Jiao)
Chen  Sheng Ma 9  Acrid, sl sweet, sl  LU, SP, ST, LI  Clears Heat and resolves toxin Heat, Toxin
cold  Rises upward Rising
Zuo  Sheng Di Huang 6  Sweet, bitter, cold  HT, LU, LR  Nourishes the Yin and cools the blood Bleeding gum
Yin, Blood-Heat
 Mu Dan Pi 3  Acird, bitter,  HT, LR, KD  Clears Heat and cools the Blood Heat, Blood-Heat
 sl cold
 Dang Gui 9  Acrid, sweet,  HT, LR, SP  Harmonises and nourishes the Blood Harmonise
warm Blood (Pain, swelling)

Special Feature
 Gum, toothache issues due to Heat, gastric problems with Heat when Liver is not involved
 Sheng Ma – rising and direct ingredients upward (when the problems are in the ST i.e. ST ulcer, Sheng Ma is not necessary to use)

Page | 20
20. Xie Huang San (Drain the Yellow (Spleen hidden Heat) Powder – Clear Heat from Zang Fu
사황산 [ 瀉黃散 ] -비위(脾胃)에 열(熱)이 뭉쳐서 입안이 헐고 번민(煩悶)하며 갈증(渴症)이 심하고 뺨이 아프고 심번(心煩)하며 입술이 마르고 구취(口臭)가 나며 인건(咽乾)
아고 옹체(壅滯)하여 음식을 못 먹는 증상 등을 치료하는 처방임
Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis
 Halitosis, mouth ulcers  Hidden heat in SP/ST steaming upward
 Dry mouth and lips  Heat consumes Jin Ye
 Gets hungry easily  Excess Heat in SP and ST
 Tongue wagging  Tongue is closely associated with the HT and SP, hence tongue wagging when Heat affects them; body is trying to cool and moisten
 Tongue is regarded as the ‘sprout’ of Heart and SP channel reaches the root of tongue and spreads
 Irritability Heat, thirst  Heat signs
 Heat disturbs the spirit and consumes Jin Ye
 Red tongue and rapid pulse  Signs of Heat

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Hidden Fire in the SP and ST  Hidden Heat in the SP and ST
 Long-term ‘steaming effect’ turns into Fire rising upward along the channel
 Drains hidden Fire in SP and ST

Role Herbs (6) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Shi Gao 15  Acrid, sweet,  LU, ST  Enters SP/ST and clears Hidden Heat SP/ST Hidden Heat (Middle Jiao)
Very Cold
 Zhi Zi 6  Bitter, Cold  HT, LU, SJ  Drains ST Fire ST Fire (San Jio)
 Directs the Heat downward through urination Downward-urination
Irritability
Chen  Fang Feng 12  Acrid, sweet,  SP, LR, BL  Disperses and spreads out Hidden Heat in the SP/ST Hidden Heat in SP/ST
0 Sl warm Dispersing
Zuo  Huo Xiang 21  Acrid, Sl warm  LU, SP, ST  Awakens the SP to re-establish the Qi mechanism of the SP/ST Qi mechanism in SP/sT
that has been affected by the Hidden Heat Hidden Heat in SP/ST
 Assists Fang Feng dispersing the Hidden Heat in the SP/ST
Shi  Gan Cao 90  Sweet, neutral  HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises the Middle Jiao Middle Jiao
 Honey, Wine    The powder form is fried with honey and wine, to harmonise the
Middle Jiao and to facilitate movement

Special Feature
 Proper treatment of Hidden Heat (Fire) – Cold substances that drain Heat from the middle jiao is very small (Shi Gao, Zhi Zi) but use large dosage of substances that gently clear and
disperse (Fang Feng)

Page | 21
21. Yu Nu Jian (Jade Lady Decoction) – Clear Heat from Zang Fu
옥녀전 [ 玉女煎 ] -수(水)가 허(虛)하고 화(火)가 성(盛)하여 맥(脈)이 부홍활대(浮洪滑大)하고 가슴이 답답하고 열이 나며 갈증이 나며 머리와 이가 아픈 등의 증상을 치료하는
처방임

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.94)

 Toothache, loose tooth  The Teeth are associated with KD and are situated along the Yangming channel
 ST Heat causes toothache, while KD Vacuity causes loose teeth
 Bleeding gums  Heat injures the Yangming channel
 Frontal headaches  ST Heat travels through the Yangming channel and causes HA
 Irritability heat (hot and bothered)  Heat symptoms
 Thirst  Heat disturbs spirit and consumes Jin Ye
 Red tongue with dry yellow coat  ST Heat
 Dry tongue, thin and rapid pulse  KD Yin Vacuity

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Yangming Fire with Shaoyin (Kidney Yin) Vacuity  Stomach Heat with Yin Vacuity due to vigorous ST Fire injuring the KD Yin.

 Clears ST Fire (direct the Fire downward, not dispersing it)

 Nourishes KD Yin

Role Herbs (5) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Shi Gao 3  Acrid, sweet,  LU, ST  Clears ST Fire and generates Jin Ye ST Fire, Jin Ye
very Cold (fever, irritability, thirst,
toothache)
Chen  Shu Di Huang 3  Sweet,  LR, KD  Nourishes the Yin of Shaoyin and tonifies KD Shaoyin Yin - KD
sl Warm (restrain Fire)
Zuo  Zhi Mu 3  Sweet, bitter,  LU, ST, KD  Assists Shi Gao in clearing ST Fire Shi Gao (ST Fire),
very Cold  Reinforces Shu Di Huang to promote KD Water Shu Di Huang (Yin, KD Water)
 Mai Men Dong 2  Sweet, sl  HT, LU, ST  Clears Heat and nourishes Yin Heat, Yin - ST and LU
bitter, sl cold (irritability, ST Yin, fluids)
Shi  Niu Xi 3  Bitter, sweet,  LR, KD  Directs Heat pathogen downward Heat downward (stops overflow
sour, neutral  Tonifies LR and KD of blood into oral cavity),
LR and KD

Special Feature
 Niu Xi – 1) KD and LR disharmony in the area of blood and yin, 2) muscle, tendon, bone problems, 3) Direct Heat downward
 Gum-bleeding tooth problems – Qing Wei San (Repletion Heat in Yangming, used Sheng Ma), Yu Nu Jian (Repletion Heat in Yangming with KD Yin Vacuity, used Niu Xi)

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22. Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Augment the Qi Decoction) – expel Summer Heat and benefit Qi
청서익기탕 (淸暑益氣湯) - 곤권(困倦), 불사음식(不思飮食), 설사(泄瀉), 소변삭(小便數), 습열(濕熱), 신열번갈(身熱煩渴), 이질(痢疾), 자한(自汗), 정신단소(精神短少)

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis (Bensky p.106)

 Excessive sweating  The Heat ‘steaming’ internally forces open the interstices and pores
 Fever  Summer Heat penetrates to the interior
 Irritability heat
 Scanty and yellow urine
 Rapid pulse
 Thirst  Summer Heat, a Yang pathogen factor, causes profuse sweating and injures the fluids.
 Lethargy
 Thin pulse

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Exogenous Summer-Heat attack injuring the Qi and Yin  Summer Heat injuring the Qi and Fluids

 Clears Summer-Heat and benefits Qi

 Nourishes the Yin and promotes fluids production

Role Herbs (10) g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
 Jun  Xi Gua Pi * 3  Sweet, cold  HT, ST, BL  Promotes fluid production and benefits urination Summer Heat
0  Ventilates Summer Heat Fluid production
 Xi Yang Shen 5  Sweet, sl.  HT, SP, KD  Tonifies Qi and nourishes Yin Qi and Yin
Bitter, cool  Clears Heat and promotes fluid production Heat, Fluid production
 Che  He Geng * 6  Bitter, neutral  HT, SP, KD  Clears Summer Heat and resolves Dampness Summer Heat, Dampness
n  Shi Hu 1  Sweet, sl cold  ST, KD  Nourishes Yin and clears Heat Yin (LU, ST), Heat
5  Promotes fluid production and quenches thirst Fluid production, Thirst
 Mai Men 9  Sweet, Sl  HT, LU, ST
Dong bitter, Sl cold
 Zuo  Huang Lian 3  Bitter, cold  HT, LR, ST, LI  Clears Heat and suppresses irritability Heat Heat, Irritability Heat
 Zhi Mu 6  Acrid, sweet,  LU, ST, KD  Nourishes Yin and draines Fire Yin, Thirst
cold Fire, Heat, Irritability Heat
 Zhu Ye 6  Acrid, sweet,  HT, ST, SI  Clears Heat and suppresses irritability Heat
bland, cold
 Shi  Gan Cao 3  Sweet, neutral  HT, LU, SP, ST  Benefits Qi and harmonises the Middle Qi, Middle Jiao
 Geng Mi 1  Sweet, Sl Cold  SP, ST
5

Special Feature
 Compare - Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang (chronic, residual Heat) and Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang (Acute, exogenous Summer Heat) – both is for Sun Stroke (Qi and Jinye damage)
 Used Huang Lian (goes to Heart) instead of Shi Gao – Summer Heat is related to Heart

Page | 23
23. Li Zhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Jiao Pill) – Warm the Middle and Dispel Cold
이중환(理中丸) - 복만(腹滿), 구토오심(嘔吐惡心), 식소납매(食少納呆), 하리(下利)[수양변(水樣便)], 복통(腹痛)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Vacuity Cold in the Middle Jiao  This is middle jiao cold from deficiency.
 Warm the Interior and disperse the Cold
 Reinforces SP and benefits Qi

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Cold invades abdomen, it causes contraction, causing pain.  Abdominal pain which likes warmth and pressure
When SP yang is deficient, the clear yang cannot ascend, causing  Diarrhea, no thirst
diarrhoea with watery stool. When Yang is deficient, the yin
ascends, hence no thirst (indication of cold)
Presence of Cold in the body  Cold limbs
When ST loses its ability to make the turbid yin descend, nausea  nausea & vomiting, does not like to eat
and vomiting ensue. SP deficiency causes loss of appetite.
Cold from deficiency  T. Pale with white coat
When ST loses its ability to make the turbid yin descend, nausea  P. deep and thin
and vomiting ensue.

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Gan Jiang 9 Acrid, Hot HT, LU, SP, ST  Warms and reinforces the middle Yang Warm Middle Yang
Chen  Ren Shen 9 Sweet, bitter, HT, LU, SP  Tonifies the middle and benefits Qi Middle, Qi, SP/ST
sl warm  Strengthens SP/ST function
Zuo  Bai Zhu 9 Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST  Reinforces SP SP, Damp
 Dries Damp
Shi  Zhi Gan Cao 9 Sweet, warm HT, LU, SP, ST  Assists Ren Shen Middle Qi, Regulate
 Regulates the other ingredients

Special Feature
 Li Zhong Wan – more for Cold (Gan Jiang)
 Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (소건중탕) – more for deficiency and stopping pain

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24. Si Jun Zi Tang (Four-Nouble Ingredients Decoction) – Tonify Qi
사군자탕( 四君子湯) - 영위기허(榮衛氣虛) , 비위기허(脾胃氣虛)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
SP and ST Qi Vacuity  The SP governs the ‘transformation & transportation’ of Qi and Blood. The ST governs the function of ‘receiving’
food and drink. Together they provide the overall nourishment to the body. They are the source of post-natal
 Benefits Qi and strengthen SP
Qi, Blood, and Jing. Hence in the case of SP/ST Qi vacuity pattern, the ‘transformation & transportation’ function
of SP and ‘receiving’ function of ST are affected.
 This is SP and ST Qi vacuity (middle jiao Qi), causing dysfunction of SP’s transformation and transportation
function, and impairment of Qi & Blood production.
 The treatment strategy is to tonify the Qi of middle jiao, to receive the ‘transpormation and transportation’
function of the Spleen, and the ‘receiving’ function of the Stomach.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Lack of nourishment due to SP/ST Qi vacuity  Sallow complexion, low/feeble voice, shortness of breath, no energy
SP/ST Qi vacuity impairs digestive function  Eating less
Impaired digestive function affects the SP ‘s ability to direct ‘clear  Loose stool
yang’ and water fluid to the Upper Jiao
SP is related muscles and SP Qi vacuity results in:  weak limb

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Ren Shen 9 Sweet, bitter, sl HT, LU, SP  Tonifies SP and ST SP, ST tonic
warm
Chen  Bai Zhu 9 Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST  Tonifies SP and ST SP,ST
 Dries potential Dampness resulted from SP vacuity Damp
Zuo  Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, LU, SP, KD  Strengthens SP and leaches Dampness SP, Damp
neutral
Shi  Zhi Gan Cao 6 Sweet, warm HT, LU, SP, ST  Benefits Qi Qi, harmonises
 Harmonises the other herbs within the formula

Page | 25
25. Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six-Noble Ingredient Decoction) – Tonify Qi
육군자탕(六君子湯) - 비위기허겸담습(비위기허겸담습) : 사군자탕증에, 식욕이 없다∙오심(오심)∙구토(구토)∙흉완(흉완)이 비민(비민)하다∙부종이 있다∙대변이 불실하다∙기침을 하고
가래는 양이 많으며 묽고 희다 등의 담습(담습)에 의한 증상을 수반할 때
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
SP and ST Qi Vacuity accompanied by  SP Qi Vacuity caused by dysfunction of its transportation and transformation. This affects the production of Qi
Dampness and Phlegm and Blood (as Spleen is the source of Qi and Blood production).
 Benefits Qi and strengthens SP  SP Qi vacuity leads to impairment of Lung function and fluid metabolism, which leads to rebellious Qi such as
 Dries Dampness and transforms Phlegm Cough and retention of phlegm in the LU, resulting in phlegm formation.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

SP Qi vacuity impaires the production of Qi and Blood  Lack of appetite (eating less), loose stool, sallow complexion, underweight
SP vacuity fails to promote LU function  Shortness of breath, low/feeble voice, no energy
Impaired fluid metabolism of SP and LU, resulting in formation of  Cough with copious white phlegm
fluid dampness causing Phlegm retention in the LU
LU Qi and ST Qi are affected  Nausea, vomiting and coughing, stuffiness and fullness sensation in the epigastrium
SP Qi vacuity, Damp Phlegm accumulation  T. Pale, white greasy coat
SP Qi vacuity  P. Vacuity

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Si Jun Zi Tang (Ren Shen 3, Bai Zhu 5, Fu Ling 3, Gan Cao 3)  Benefits Qi and strengthens SP Qi, SP tonic
Chen  Ban Xia 5 Acrid, warm, toxic LU, SP, ST  Transforms Damp and Phlegm Damp Phlegm, ST, rebellious Qi
 Harmonises ST and redirects rebellious Qi
 Chen Po 3 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulates LU Qi to reduce Phlegm LU Qi, Phlegm, Damp,
 Dries Damp and harmonises rebellious Qi rebellious Qi
Zuo  Sheng Jiang 3 Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Compliments other herbs SP, ST
slice  Benefits SP and harmonises ST
 Da Zao 2 Sweet, warm SP, ST
piece

Special Feature
 Liu Jun Zi Tang – Fullness in epigastrium region (transitional state of Damp)
 Shen Ling Bai Zhu San – more severe Damp

Page | 26
26. Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six-noble ingredient with Mu Xiang and Sha Ren decoction) – Tonify Qi
향사육군자탕(香砂六君子湯) - 氣虛痰盛, 허랭(虛冷), 기체(氣滯), 협식(挾食), 부종(浮腫)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
SP and ST Qi Vacuity with 
Cold and Dampness stagnation
 Benefits Qi and transforms Damp/phlegm
 Moves Qi and warms the Middle Jiao

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Eating less, no appetite, loose stool, lethargy, underweight
 Nausea & vomiting, stuffiness and fullness sensation in the epigastrium
 Abdominal distension and pain
 General puffiness/swelling
 T. pale, white coat
 P. weak, slippery

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Liu Jun Zi Tang (Ren Shen 3, Bai Zhu 3, Fu Ling 3, Gan Cao 3,  Benefits Qi and strengthen SP Qi, SP, damp, phlegm
Chen Pi 3, Ban Xia 5)  Dries Damp and transforms Phlegm
Chen  Mu Xiang 3 Acrid, bitter, warm SP, ST, GB, LI, TE  Warms the Middle Jiao and moves Qi Warm Middle, Qi movement,
 Sha Ren 3 Acrid, warm SP, ST, KD  Resolves Damp and relieves fullness & pain Damp, Fullness & pain
Zuo/Sh  Sheng Jiang 3 Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Warms the Middle Jiao and harmonises ST Middle Jiao, ST
i slice

Special Feature
 Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang – more serious problem than Liu Jun Zi Tangß

Page | 27
27. Yi Gong San (Extraordinary Merit Powder) – Tonify Qi
이공산(異功散) - 비위(脾胃)가 허약(虛弱)하고 飮食이먹히지않고 심장과 가슴이 복잡하고 더부럭 한것을 치료한다.
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
SP and ST Qi Vacuity with Qi stasis 
(Pediatric 小兒)
 Benefits Qi and strengthens SP
 Moves Qi and relieves stasis

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Eating less, no appetite, loose stool
 Stuffiness, stifling sensation in the chest/epigastrium
 Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
 T. pale, white coat
 P. vacuity and weak, wiry

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Si Jun Zi Tang (Ren Shen 9, Bai Zhu 9, Fu Ling 9,  Benefits Qi and strengthens SP Qi, SP tonic
Zhi Gan Cao 6)
Chen  Chen Pi 6 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Moves Qi and relieves stasis Qi mover, stasis
Zho  Sheng Jiang 5 Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Harmonises the Middle Jiao Middle Jiao harmoniser
/Shi slice
 Da Zao 2 Sweet, warm SP ST
pices

Page | 28
28. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonifying the Middle Jiao and Replenishing the Qi Decoction) – tonify qi

보중익기탕(補中益氣湯) – 권태(倦怠), 노권(勞倦), 망양초증(亡陽初證), 자한(自汗), 소음인태양증(少陰人太陽症), 신열(身熱)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji

1. Sp and ST Qi vacuity unable to raise the ‘clear yang’  1. Sp and ST Qi vacuity unable to raise the ‘clear yang’ - The direction or tendency of SP Qi is upward
2. sunken middle Qi (ascending). When Middle Qi is sunken, the
3. fever (persistent low grade fever) disorder due to SP and ST Qi ‘clear yang’ is not rising to nourish the head and face. This manifests as dizziness with spinning sensation,
vacuity blurry vision, tinnitus, and deafness (blocked ear). The rest of the signs and symptoms are indication of SP Qi
 Tonify the Middle Jiao and benefits the Qi vacuity. SP Qi vacuity affects the Qi production, hence fatigue, lethargy, lazy to talk, sallow complexion, loose
 Raises the sunken Yang Qi stool, no appetite, pale tongue, weak pulse. SP governs the transportation function including transportation
to the four limbs. SP Qi vacuity can manifest as weakness in the four limbs.
2. sunken middle Qi - Rectal prolapse, uterus prolapsed, chronic diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, haemorrhage,
shortness of breath, fatigue, loose stool, no appetite. T. pale, swollen. P. vacuity, soft
 3. fever (persistent low grade fever) disorder due to SP and ST Qi vacuity - When the SP and ST Qi are
deficient, the proper transformation and transportation of Qi is affected. This renders it unable to circulate
the Yang Qi, resulting in Yang Qi being obstructed. In turn it accumulates internal heat and manifests as
fever. Sp and ST Qi vacuity also impairs the function of Ying and Wei in the exterior. The harmony of Ying and
Wei is disrupted so that the Wei becomes unstable and the Ying is not anchored. This manifests as
spontaneous sweating (due to Ying Qi is not rooted) and also fever (due to unconsolidated floating Yang). T.
Pale and swollen P. big, but no force

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Huang Qi Sweet, sl warm LU, SP  Tonify middle jiao and benefit qi Qi tonic, Raise Yang Qi,
 Raise sunken yang qi and sp and st sweating
 Reinforce the exterior to stop sweating
Chen  Ren Shen Sweet, sl bitter, sl LU, SP, HT  Tonify middle jiao Middle Jiao tonic
warm
 Bai Zhu Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST
 Gan Cao Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST
Zuo  Dang Gui Acrid, Sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Tonify blood and harmonise yin Blood, yin
 Chen Pi Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulate movement of Qi to restore normal ‘ascending and Qi mover (normal
descending’ qi mechanism descending/ascending), ST
 Harmonise ST
shi  Chai Hu Acrid, bitter, sl cold LR,GB  Assist other Qi tonic herbs raising the sunken Yang Qi Raise the sunken Yang Qi
 Sheng Ma Acrid, sl sweet, sl cold LU, SP, ST, LI

Special Feature
 Chai Hu and Sheng Ma – together have the effect of raising the sunken Yang and directing it to the meridian system.

Page | 29
29. Sheng Mai San (Generate the pulse powder) – Tonify Qi
생맥산(生脈散) -중갈(中暍)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
 Concurrent Qi & Yin Xu  This is concurrent deficiency of Qi and Yin, primarily of the Lungs. Chronic cough injures the LU Qi and
 [Link] cough due to hidden lung fire affecting the Qi and prolonged sweating injures the fluids and yin.
depleting the Yin.  The same condition can develop over a relatively short period of time if the sweating is profuse, as
2. Post febrile disease and summer- heat disorder Summerheat-stroke or heat-stroke due to excessive sweating injuring the LU Qi and Yin.
 Benefits Qi and promotes Jin ye
 Astringes Yin and stops abnormal sweating

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

1. Prolonged, profuse sweating injures the fluids and yin; Chronic  1. Dry cough, little phlegm, weak body & limbs, , and dry mouth and tongue.
cough Injures the Lung Qi  Cough, shortness of breath, feeble voice, lazy to talk, spontaneous sweating
 T:Red dry little coating.P:fine weak or deficient, big, rapid
2. Profuse sweating from Summerheat-stroke or heat-stroke injures  [Link] sweating, fatigue, lethargy, shortness of breath, lazy to talk, dry throat thirst
LU Qi and Yin  T: dry, red with little coat. P: fine, weak, or deficient, big, rapid

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Ren Shen 9 Sweet, sl bitter, HT, LU, SP  Tonifies Yuan Qi Qi, Jinye (Tonify)
sl warm  Benefits Lung and promotes Jin ye (fluid)
 Reinforces the exterior and stops sweating
Chen  Mai Dong 9 Sweet, sl bitter, HT, LU, ST  Nourishes Yin and moisturizes the Lung Yin, Lung (Nourish)
cold
Shi  Wu Wei Zi 6 Sour, sweet, warm HT, LU, KD  Benefits Qi and promotes fluids Yin, Qi, sweating (Restrain)
 Astringes Yin and stops sweating

Special Feature
 Wu Wei Zi – restrain wondering soul (HT), restrain yin (spontaneous sweating due to Qi & Yin def.), restrain Lung (coughing)
 This formula was originally established for treating ‘Hidden Lung Fire’ with depletion of pulse Qi. Can be used for cardiovascular disorders (e.g. arrhythmia with
fine/weak/choppy/rough pulse)
 Similar signs to other Qi & Yin def. with empty heat sign due to external attack – Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang, Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang

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30. Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ren Shen, Fu Ling, and Bai Zhu combination decoction) –Tonify Qi

삼령백출산(蔘苓白朮散) - 구토설사(嘔吐泄瀉), 기천(氣喘), 비위허약(脾胃虛弱), 음식부진(飮食不進), 중만비열(中滿痞噎)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
1. Diarrhoea due to SP & ST Xu Dampness.  This is SP Qi deficiency leading to internally generated Dampness. The SP is responsible for transforming and
2. Coughing disorder due to LU& SP Xu w Phlegm Damp Pattern transporting food and nutrients which is sends upward and to the extremities. When the SP Qi is weakened,
 Benefits Qi and strengthen SP usually from improper eating habits or overworking, the fluids accumulate and transform into Dampness.
 Resolves damp and stops diarrhoea
Signs & symptom Bing Ji Analysis
1. diarrhea, T: greasy white coating  The fluids accumulate and transform into Dampness
1. Indigestion, reduced appetite, weak limbs, weight loss, sallow complexion, Pale tongue,  The loss of SP’s ability to transform and transport nutrients
thin or deficient slow pulse
1. distension and stifling sensation in the chest and abdomen, borborygmus  The internally generated Dampness obstructs the Qi mechanism in the middle jiao
2. coughing with abundant white phlegm  Congested fluids disrupt the directional mechanisms of LU Qi
 2. congested chest and fullness in the epigastrium,  Congested fluids in the Lungs
 2. lethargy, lack of energy, pale and shiny complexion, loose stool, no appetite, pale tongue,  The loss of SP’s ability to transform and transport nutrients
fine weak pulse
 2. white greasy coat, slippery pulse  Presence of damp
Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary
Jun  Ren Shen 15 Sweet, sl bitter, LU, SP, (HT)  Tonifies SP and ST SP, ST tonic
sl warm
 Bai Zhu 15 Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST  Tonifies SP Qi SP tonic, damp
 Dries Dampness resulted from SP deficiency
 Fu Ling 15 Sweet, bland, neutral HT, LU, SP, KD  Strengthens SP and leaches Dampness SP, Damp
 Gan Cao 9 Sweet, warm HT, LU, SP, ST  Benefits Qi Qi, harmonises
 Harmonises the other herbs
Chen  Shan Yao 15 Sweet, neutral LU, SP, KD  Benefits Qi and tonifies SP Qi, SP tonic
 Lian Zi 9 Sweet, astringent, HT, SP, KD  Tonifies SP and astringent the Intestines SP tonic, astringent, diarrhoea
neutral  Good for chronic diarrhea
Zuo  Bai Bian Dou 12 Sweet, sl warm SP, ST  Strengthens SP and resolves Damp SP, Damp
 Yi Yi Ren 9 Sweet, bland, cool LU, SP, ST  Yi Yi Ren is good for chronic cough with phlegm due to Lung
deficiency
Shi  Sha Ren 6 Acrid, warm SP, ST, KD  Transforms Damp and ‘awakens’ SP Damp, SP awakening, Qi, ST
 Moves Qi and harmonises ST
 Jie Geng 6 Acrid, bitter, neutral LU  Disperses Lung Qi and facilitates the ‘water pathway’ LU Qi, guides
 Guides the action of other herbs into the Lung

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31. Si Wu Tang (Four-substance Decoction) – Tonify Blood
사물탕(四物湯) -면색위황(面色萎黃), 혹은 담백불화(淡白不華), 구순(口脣), 안결막(眼結膜), 조갑(爪甲)은 담백(淡白), 혹은 건고(乾枯), 두훈안화(頭暈眼花),
전신근육긴장(全身筋肉緊張), 혹은 수족마목(手足麻木), 혹은 구급두동(拘急抖動), 월경량소색담(月經量少色淡), 혹은 월경(月經)이 건기(愆期), 혹은 폐경(閉經),
혹은 붕루(崩漏), 혈하괴경(血瘕塊硬), 제복동통(臍腹疼痛), 혹은 양목건삽(兩目乾澁), 시물불청(視物不淸), 혹은 도한(盜汗), 경척불안(驚惕不安), 혹은 협늑은통(脇肋隱痛
혹은 태동불안(胎動不安), 혹은 오로부진(惡露不盡)하여 복통(腹痛), 때때로 오한발열(惡寒發熱) 등

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

1. Blood Vacuity affecting blood circulatory function  This is blood deficiency, primarily of the LR. When the LR blood is deficient, it is unable to rise and supply
2. Chong Mai and Ren Mai Vacuity nourishment ot the head, resulting in dizziness and a sallow complexion. The LR’s ability to supply its associated
 Nourish the Blood and regulate Ying Blood (circulation) sensory organ (eyes) and tissue (sinews) is also impaired, which leads to blurred vision or chronic eyestrain and
generalized muscle tension. The health of the LR is reflected in the nails, resulting in dry/soft nails. When the LR
blood is deficient, the menses are irregular with a scanty flow and there is tendency of blood stasis to develop,
manifesting as periumbilical and lower abdominal pain. The ehart is also dependent on the LR blood hence
palpitations when LR blood is deficient.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

1. Blood Vacuity affecting blood circulatory function  Pale face, pale lips, pale fingernails, a sallow complexion, dizziness, blurry vision, palpitations, insomnia
 T. pale with white tongue
 P. thin and wiry or thin and retarded (choppy)
2. Chong Mai and Ren Mai Vacuity  Irregular menstruation, hypomenorrhroea of hypermenorrhoea, delayed menstruation, amenorrhoea,
trickling of blood with pale red colour, peri-umbilical abdominal pain, hard abdominal mass from ‘blood
stasis”

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Shu Di Huang 12 Sweet, sl warm LR, KD  Tonify blood Blood, LR/KD
 Nourish the LR and KD assisting in blood production
Chen  Dang Gui 9 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Tonify the Blood and invigorate Blood circulation Blood, circulation
 Bai Shao 9 Bitter, sour, slightly LR, SP  Nourish the Blood and preserve the Yin Blood, yin, pain
cold  Stop Pain
Zuo  Chuan Xiong 6 Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC  Invigorates and regulates blood circulation Blood circulation, pain
 Stops pain

Special Feature
 Shudi, Dang Gui, Bai Shao – great affinity for the Liver. They are also Blood tonifying herbs  tonify the Blood and suppor the LR, in harmonizing the LR blood and regulating menses
 Chuan Xiong – very dynamic – facilitates the blood to ascend to the head and eyes, regulates the sea of blood, such as Ren and Chong Mai, opens up blood stasis, and invigorates
the blood circulation in the Luo Mai.

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32. Tao Hong Si Wu Tang (Four-ingredient decoction with Tao Ren and Hong Hua) – Tonify Blood
도홍사물탕(桃紅四物湯) -경색부정(經色不正), 경폐(經閉), 경행복통(經行腹痛), 산후혈허(産後血虛), 어체통(瘀滯痛), 월경과다(月經過多), 월경부조(月經不調),
월경불통(月經不通), 타박상(打撲傷), 면황복통(面黃腹痛)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
 Blood vacuity concurrent with blood stasis pattern  This is for concurrent blood deficiency and blood stasis, leading to the obstruction in menstruation.
(Severe stasis)
 Tonifies Blood & invigorates blood circulation

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Blood deficiency and blood stasis obstructs menstruation  Shortened menstrual cycle, copious bleeding of dark purple and sticky blood with or without clotting
abdominal pain. Dysmenorrhoea with similar presentation.

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

 Shu Di 9 Sweet, sl warm LR, KD  Si Wu Tang - Tonify Blood and harmonise Blood circulation Blood tonic
 Dang Gui 9 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, KD
 Bai Shao 9 Sour, bitter, sl cold LR, SP
 Chuan Xiong 9 Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC
 Tao Ren 9 Bitter, sweet, HT, LR, Li  Invigorates Blood circulation and expels Blood stasis Blood stasis
neutral, sl toxic
 Hong Hua 6 Acrid, warm HT, LR

Special Feature
 Hong Hua – very moving: used for cardiovascular disorders (e.g. hardening of arteries), micro-circulation (e.g soaking in hot water for arthritis), internal bruising (stopping internal
bleeding that caused stasis).

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33. Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (Dang Gui Decoction to tonify blood)– Tonify Blood

당귀보혈탕(當歸補血湯) - 기열(氣噎), 대갈(大渴), 목적(目赤)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Blood vacuity generating floating yang, manifesting as fever (low  This is a case of overwork (Lao Juan), which damages the Qi and Blood. Deficient Ying Blood (as part of the
grade) overall Yin) renders the Yin incapable of containing the Yang. The Yang floats and disperses toward the
 Tonify Qi and generate Blood exterior of the body. This manifests as fever, hot sensation in the skin and muscles, red complexion, thirst
with a desire to drink warm water, irritability heat (heat vexation).
 Pale tongue, pulse - flooding/big but deficient/forceless when pressed

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Huang Qi Sweet, sl warm LU, SP  Reinforces the exterior and restores the floating Yang Qi Exterior, floating Yang Qi, Qi
 Tonifies the Qi in order to generate the Blood tonic
Chen  Dang Gui Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Nourishes the Blood and harmonises the ying (circulation) Blood, Ying circulation

Special Feature
 Together they re-establish the yin yang balance, tonify the Qi, and generate the Blood.
 Low grade fever – Bu zhong Yi Qi Tang, Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang

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34. Gui Pi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction)– Tonify Blood

귀비탕(歸脾湯) - 건망(健忘), 정충(怔忡)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

1. Heart and SP with Qi and Blood vacuity  Excessive deliberation for a long period of time injures both SP and HT and leads to this condition. When SP is
2. SP Vacuity unable to keep the blood circulation within the vessels injured and weak, the blood becomes deficient and is unable to nourish the HT. The HT stores the Shen and
(Bleeding) SP stores the intelligence. When the are not sufficient, the patient looses its ability to concentrate and
 Tonify Qi and nourish Blood becomes forgeful.
 Strengthen SP and support HT  SP Qi deficiency manifests as a reduced appetite.
 When the HT deprived of nourishment, there is palpitations, anxiety, insomnia, dream disturbed sleep.
 Blood deficiency may rise to the feverishness associated with heat from deficiency. The pale complexion,
pale tongue with a thin white coating, thin, frail pulse are all signs of Qi and Blood deficiency.

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun Ren Shen Sweet, sl bitter, LU, SP, HT  Tonify Qi and strengthen SP Qi tonic, SP
sl warm
Bai Zhu Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST
Zhi Gan Cao Sweet, warm HT, LU, SP, ST
Huang Qi Sweet, sl warm LU, SP
chen Dang Gui Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Tonify blood and nourish HT Blood tonic, HT
Long Yan Rou Sweet, warm HT, SP
Fu Shen Sweet, bland, neutral HT, Sp, KD  Nourishes the HT and calm the Shen HT, Shen
Suan Zao Ren Sour, sweet, neutral HT, LR, GB
Yuan Zhi Acrid, bitter, warm HT, LU, KD
Zuo Mu Xiang Acrid, bitter, warm SP, ST, GB, LI, SJ  Invigorates the Qi and prevents cloying from tonic herbs Qi mover
Shi Sheng Jiang Acrid, warm Lu, SP, ST  Harmonises SP and ST harmonise
Da Zao Sweet, warm SP, ST

Special Feature
 SP vacuity unable to keep the blood circulation within the vessels (bleeding) – Gui Pi Tang, Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang, Bu zhong Yi Qi Tang

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35. Ba Zhen Tang (Eight treasure decoction) – Tonify both Qi and Blood
팔진탕(八珍湯) -기혈양허(氣血兩虛), 심폐기허(心肺氣虛)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Qi & Blood Vacuity  This is concurrent deficiency of the Qi and Blood which is most often due to imbalances caused by chronic
disease or excessive loss of blood.
 Tonify Qi and Blood

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

The Lungs control the body’s Qi; when the Qi is deficient, the LU Qi  shortness of breath, lazy to talk, lethargy
will also be deficient
SP Qi deficiency  eating less
SP Qi weakness and Blood deficiency, not able to transform and  weak limbs
transport nutrients to the extremities
The concurrent deficiency of Qi and Blood from reaching the head  dizziness, palpitation, anxiety, pallid (Qi def) or Sallow (blood def) complexion
and Heart
Combined signs of Qi and Blood deficiency  T:Pale w Thin white coating
 P:Thin & frail (blood def),big and deficient without strength (Qi def)

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

 Ren Shen 9 Sweet, sl bitter, HT, LU, SP  Si Jun Zi Tang - Tonify Qi Qi tonic
sl warm
 Bai Zhu 9 Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST
 Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, LU, SP, KD
neutral
 GanCao 5 Sweet, neutral HT, SP, ST, LU
 Shu Di 9 Sweet, sl warm LR, KD  Si Wu Tang – Nourish Blood Blood tonic
 Dang Gui 9 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, KD
 Bai Shao 9 Sour, bitter, sl cold LR, SP
 Chuan Xiong 9 Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC

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36. Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-ingredient pill with Rehmania) – Nourish and tonify yin
육미지황환(六味地黃丸) - 요슬산연무력(腰膝酸軟無力), 수족심열(手足心熱); originally used for slow development of baby (regulating systemic yin of LR, SP, KD)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

KD Yin Xu  This is the classic presentation of KD and LR yin deficiency.
 Nourish Yin and tonify KD  The lower back is the abode of the KD. When KDs are weak, the marrow ill become depleted, hence general
weakness of the skeletal structure that are closely associated with KD, lower back and legs.
 When essence (KD) and blood (LR) are not flourishing, it is unable to nourish the upper parts of the body,
primarily the sensory orificies, especially eyes (LR) and eyes (KD).
 Deficient yin is unable to retain substances during the night, which is the time associated with yin.
 Deficient yin also generates empty heat, manifested as heat signs.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

KD yin xu causing marrow depletion in the skeletal structure  Soreness and weakness in the lower back and knees, loose teeth
Deficient KD and LR yin unable to nourish the upper parts of the  Dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss
body
Deficient yin unable to retain substances  Night sweat, seminal emission
KD Qi is unstable  Xiao Ke (wasting and thirsting disorder), copious urination
Yin deficiency and internally generated heat  hot palms and soles, dry and sore throat
Yin deficiency and internally generated heat  T. red with little coat
Yin deficiency and internally generated heat  P. sunken, thin, rapid

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Shu Di 24 Sweet, sl warm LR, KD  Nourish Yin and tonify KD Yin, KD, Jing
 Produce Jing and benefit marrow
Chen  Shan Zhu Yu 12 Sour, warmish LR, KD  Tonifies LR and benefits KD LR, KD, Jing Qi
 Reinforces and retains Jing Qi
 Shan Yao 12 Sweet, neutral LU, SP, KD  Strengthens SP and tonifies vacuity SP tonic, Jing
 Stabilises the Jing
Zuo  Ze Xie 9 Sweet, cold KD, BL  Benefits Damp and drains turbidity Damp/turbidity
 Mu Dan Pi 9 Acrid, bitter, sl cold HT, LR, KD  Drains LR fire LR fire
 Neutralizes warming and restraining nature of Shan Zhu Yu
 Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, LR, SP, KD  Resolves SP damp SP Damp
neutral

Special Feature


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37. Yi Guan Jian (Linking Decoction) – Nourish and tonify yin
일관전 (一貫煎) - 간신음허 (肝腎陰虛), 인건구조 (咽乾口燥)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

LR and KD Yin Xu  This is yin deficiency of LR and KD with concurrent Qi stagnation. The Yin deficiency may be caused
accompanied by LR Qi Statis by fire from constraint or it may be an independent, but concurrent condition.
 Nourishes LR and KD yin  The LR is a yin organ but has yang function as well (it stores blood but also spreads and drains the
 Spreads LR Qi stagnation Qi). The deficiency of yin inhibits the spreading function of Liver, causing pain in the LR channel –
chest & hypochon.
 Insufficient LR blood deprives the channel of its moisture and nourishment, causing pain in the chest
and hypochondriac area.
 The stagnant of LR Qi often results in fire from constraint that rebels and attacks the ST.
 The lack of flow with yin deficiency causes dryness symptoms.
Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom
Yin deficiency inhibiting LR spreading function and blood  Hypochondriac and chest pain
deficiency causes pain in the channel
The stagnant LR Qi attaks ST  Acid reflux, epigastric and abdominal distention
Yin deficiency and LR Qi constraint  Dry mouth and throat
Yin deficiency and LR Qi constratint  T. red and dry
Yin deficiency and LR Qi constratint  P. thin, weak or deficient, wiry

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Sheng di 18- Sweet, bitter, HT, LR, KD  Nourishes Yin and clears vacuity heat Yin, vacuity heat, LR, KD
30 cold  Benefits LR and KD
Chen  Gou Qi Zi 9- Sweet, neutral LR, KD  Tonifies yin and nourishes Blood Yin, blood, fluids, LR
18  Generates fluids and softens LR
 (Bei) Sha 9 Sweet, sl bitter, LU, ST
Shen sl cold
 Mai Dong 9 Sweet, sl bitter, HT, LU, ST
sl cold
 Dang Gui 9 Acrid, sweet, HT, LR, SP
warm
Zuo/Shi  Chuan Lian 5 Bitter, cold, LR, ST, BL, SI  Spreads LR Qi and guides other herbs to the LR LR Qi, LR channel
Zi Lightly toxic channel

Special Feature
 Bei Sha Shen – sweet, sl bitter, sl warm – LU, ST – is better for nourishing LU and ST yin
 Nan Sha Shen – sweet, sl warm – LU, ST – is used for both Qi and Yin vacuity, with dry phlegm
Page | 38
38. Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi pill from the Golden Cabinet) – Tonify Yang
금궤신기환(金匱腎氣丸) - 음수(陰水), 이변불실(二便不實)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
KD Yang Xu  This is KD yang deficiency with insufficient Mingmen fire. The KD is the foundation of the prenatal essence and store the essence. Essence
 Warms and tonifies transforms into Qi and the Qi which arises from the transformation of KD essence is ‘KD Qi’ or KD yang or source QI, which is the basis for
the yang of the entire body and the source of motivating power underlying the body’s functions of movement.
KD Yang
 The KD yang Qi directs the pure water upward and the turbid downward. There is impairment in the water transformation and
movement when KD yang Qi is deficient.
 The KD governs the bone and resides in the lowerback, causing lower back pain if KD Qi is insufficient. The KD channel diverges and
enters the abdomen and KD yang Xu causes pain and discomfort in the area.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

KD Qi deficiency  Soreness and weakness of the lower back and knees
KD Yang Qi deficiency causing failure to warm the lower  Cold sensation of the lower part of the body, lower abdominal cramp
burner
KD Yang Qi Xu causes inability to regulate the ascent and  Frequent urination (especially in the evening), impotence, premature ejaculation, oedema
descent of water and fluids; KD unable to transform Qi and (especially in the ankles) – Dan Yin and Xiao Ke disorders
moves water; BL is unable to restrain the urine
KD Yang Qi Xu  T. pale and swollen
KD Yang Qi Xu  P. vacuous and weak, particularly submerged, thin at the rear position

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Fu Zi 3 Acrid, sweet, hot, HT, SP, ST  Warms and tonifies KD Yang KD yang
toxic
 Gui Zhi 3 Acrid, sweet, HT, LU, BL
warm
Chen  Sheng Di 2 Sweet, bitter, HT, LR, KD  Nourishes Yin and tonifies KD Yin, KD
4 cold
 Shan Zhu Yu 1 Sour, astringent, LR, KD  Tonifies LR and benefits KD LR, KD, Jing Qi
2 warm  Reinforces and retains Jing Qi
 Shan Yao 1 Sweet, neutral LU, SP, KD  Strengthens SP and tonifies vacuity SP, Jing
2  Stabilises Jing
Zuo  Ze Xie 9 Sweet, cold KD, BL  Benefits Damp and drains turbidity Damp, turbidity
 Mu Dan Pi 9 Acrid, bitter, HT, LR, KD  Drains LR Fire LR Fire
slightly cold  Neutralises warming and restraining nature of Shan
Zhu Yu
 Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, LU, SP, KD  Resolves SP dampness SP damp
neutral
Page | 39
39. Yu Ping Feng San (Jade Windscreen powder) – Consolidate the exterior and stop sweating (Stabilise and Bind)
옥병풍산(玉屛風散) - 표허자한(表虛自汗)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Vital Qi vacuity resulting in weak Wei Qi (Lung Wei)  This is deficiency of the exterior with weak and unstable Wei Qi. The Lungs govern the Qi, skin, and
 Benefits Qi and tonifies Wei Qi body hair. Together with the Wei Qi, they guard the exterior of the body and ward off pathogenic
influences. Part of this mechanism is regulating the opening and closing of the interstices and pores.
 Reinforces exterior and stops sweating

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

When the interstices and ores will not properly close  aversion to draught, spontaneous sweating, easy to catch cold
General Qi deficiency  General weakness, shiny pale complexion.
 T: Pale w thin white coating
Weakness in the superficial level of the body (exterior)  P: floating deficient


Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Huang Qi 1 Sweet, sl warm LU, SP  Tonifies SP and the LU Qi Qi, sweating, SP
2  Reinforces the exterior and stops sweating
Chen  Bai Zhu 1 Sweet, bitter, SP, ST  Strengthens SP and benefits Qi Spleen, Qi
2 warm  Assist Huang Qi to stop sweating
Shi  Fang Feng 6 Acrid, sweet, LR, SP, BL  Dispels exterior pathogenic factors – Wind Wind
sl warm

Special Feature
 This formula is an example of dispersing(Fang Feng) while tonifying (Huang Qi, Bai Zhu).
 Compared to Gui Zhi Tang (acute), Yu Ping Feng San is for chronic and ongoing problems with spontaneous sweating, aversion to draught and recurrent colds.

Page | 40
40. Si Shen Wan (Four miracle Pill) – Restrain leakage from the intestines
사신환(四神丸)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

SP & KD Xu cold resulting in daybreak diarrhoea 
 Warms & tonifies KD & SP
 Binds LI and stops diarrhoea

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Diarrhoea which occurs daily just before sunrise, no appetite, indigestion, abdominal pain
 Cold limbs, lethargy, fatigue
 Soreness of lower back
 T. pale with thin coat, P. sunken, slow & forceless

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Bu Gu Zhi 1 Acrid, bitter, SP, KD  Tonify Ming men fire Mingmen fire
2 warm  Warms SP & stops diarrhoea
Chen  Rou Dou 6 Acrid, warm SP, ST, LI  Warms Middle jiao & moves Qi Warming Middle Jiao
Kou  Binds LI and stops diarrhoea
 Wu Zhu Yu 6 Acrid, bitter, LR, SP, ST, KD  Warms SP & disperses cold in MJ Warming SP
warm, sl toxic
Zuo  Wu Wei Zi 6 Sour, sweet, HT, LU, KD  Astringes all leakage problem Astringes, diarrhoea
warm  Assists other herbs to bind LI
Shi  Sheng Jiang Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Warms ST & disperses cold Warming ST
 Da Zao Sweet, warm SP, ST  Tonifies SP/ST SP/ST

Special Feature


Page | 41
41. Wan Dai Tang (End discharge decoction) – Stop vaginal discharge
완대탕(完帶湯)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Dampness turbidity leucorrhea due to SP Xu with LR Stasis 
 Tonifies SP & pacifies LR
 Transforms Damp & stops vaginal discharge

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Vaginal discharge (large volume), white in colour, no particularly foul-smelling, thin in consistency,
usually continuous
 Fatigue, weak body and limbs
 T. pale with white coat
 P. moderate or frail and slippery

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Bai Zhu 3 Sweet, bitter, SP, ST  Tonify SP & benefit Qi SP, Qi, damp, Jing
0 warm  Dries damp & benefits fluid metabolism
 Shan Yao 3 Swet, natural LU, SP, KD  Stabilises the Jing & stops vaginal discharge
0
 Ren Shen 6 Sweet, sl bitter, LU, SP, (HT)
sl warm
Chen  Cang Zhu 9 Acrid, bitter, LR, SP, ST  Dries damp & tonifies SP Damp, SP, Qi
warm  Regulates Qi & harmonises ST
 Chen Pi 2 Acrid, bitter, LU, SP  Aromatic – moves Qi
warm
 Che Qian Zi 9 Sweet, sl cold LU, LR, KD, SI  Leaches damp Damp, urination
 Directs damp turbidity out thru urination
Zuo  Bai Shao 1 Bitter, sour, warm LR, SP  Nourishes & supports SP & LR yin SP, LR yin
5 (dry-fried)
 Chai Hu 2 Acrid, bitter, sl LR, GB  Pacifies LR & regulates Qi LR, Qi
cold
 Hei Jing Jie 2 Acrid, sl warm LU, LR  Absorbs Damp & stops discharge Damp, discharge
(carbonised)
Zuo/Shi  Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Regulates other ingredients

Special Feature

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

42. Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan (Emperor of Heaven’s special pill to tonify the heart) - Calm the Shen with nourishment

천왕보심단(天王補心丹) - 구설생창(口舌生瘡), 대변불리(大便不利), 신지불녕(神志不寧), 심혈부족(心血不足), 정충건망(怔忡健忘)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Heart and Kidney Yin Vacuity  Heart governs the blood and stores the Shen. Kidneys stores the essence and will. When HT and KD
with Yin Blood insufficiencies communicates harmoniously, fire and water balance each other, the Kidney essence and Heart Blood are
 Nourishes the Yin and clears the Heat sufficient, hence Shen and will are calm and settled.
 Nourishes the Blood and calms the Shen  When HT and Kidneys are injured due to excessive thinking for example, it leads to the depletion of the blood
and essence (especially yin).
Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis
Disturbances of the Shen, palpitations with anxiety, forgetfulness  HT is not nourished due to HT blood deficiency
Insomnia, Irritability  Depletion of blood and essence leads to empty heat from deficiency, which ascends to the HT
Hot center of palms and soles  Empty heat due to Kidney yin deficiency
Fatigue,  Insomnia prevent the patient from getting enough sleep, hence over time leading to fatigue
Tongue ulcers  Disorders of HT are manifested in the tongue; HT fire manifest as sores in the mouth and tongue
Dry stools
 Yin and blood deficiency
Red tongue with little coating, thin and rapid pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Sheng Di Huang 1 Sweet, bitter, cold HT, LR, KD  Nourish yin and clear heat Blood, yin tonic
2
Che  Xuan Shen 5 Sweet, bitter, salty, LU, ST, KD  Nourish yin Empty heat
n cold  Subdues vacuity heat and fire
 Tian Dong 9 Sweet, bitter, cold LU, KD Yin tonic
 Mai Dong 9 Sweet, sl bitter, sl cold HT, LU, ST
 Dan Shen 5 Bitter, cool HT, LR  Tonify blood Blood tonic without stasis
 Dang Gui 9 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Cool heat in the blood
 Bai Zi Ren 9 Sweet, neutral HT, KD, LI  Nourish blood Blood tonic, Shen herbs
 Suan Zao Ren 9 Sweet, sour, neutral HT, LR, GB  Calm the Shen
Zuo  Ren Shen 5 Sweet, sl bitter, HT, LU, SP  Tonify Qi to produce blood Qi
sl warm
 Fu Ling 5 Sweet, bland, neutral HT, SP, KD  Calm the Shen and settle the Heart Shen, Heart
 Yuan Zhi 5 Acrid, bitter, sl warm HT, LU, KD  Calm the Shen Shen
 Wu Wei Zi 5 Sweet, sour, warm HT, LU, KD  Wu Wei Zi – containing leakages – depletion of Qi and Shen
 Zhu Sha 1 Sweet, toxic, cold HT
0
Shi  Jie Geng 5 Acrid, bitter, neutral LU, HT  Directs other ingredients uipward toward the Upper Jiao Carrier, Heart

Special Feature
 Jie Geng – LU, HT - acrid (carrier of other herbs), bitter (settle Heart) – direct other herbs upward toward the upper jiao - used for mouth ulcer, tongue and gum ulcer, redness and
painful eyes

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Page | 44
43. Suan Zao ren Tang (Sour Jujube decoction)–Calm the Shen with nourishment

산조인탕(酸棗仁湯) -불면(不眠)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Liver Blood vacuity concurrent with Vacuous Heat rising  When Liver Blood (mother, wood) is deficient, there is not enough blood to nourish the Heart (child, Fire).
This lack of nourishment accompanied by Empty Heat from deficiency, which moves upward into the chest
 Supports the Blood and calms the Shen and disturbs the Heart. This leads to insomnia (more serious inability to sleep than simple insomnia).
 Clears the Heat and subdues irritability  Possibly due to blood loss; appeared to be deficient due to empty heat

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis

Insomnia, irritability, palpitations, restlessness  Deficiency of LR Blood leads to not enough blood to nourish Heart. Empty heat from deficiency disturbs the
Heart functions of governing the Blood and storing Shen
Dizziness and vertigo  Deficient LR Blood cannot restrain the yang, which rises
Dry throat and mouth  Lack of nourishment accompanied by empty heat due to Liver blood deficiency
Red tongue, wiry/thin/slightly rapid pulse  Liver blood deficiency with empty heat

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Suan Zao Ren Sweet, sour, neutral HT, LR, GB  Nourishes the HT and LR Restraining, Shen
Chen  Zhi Mu Sweet, bitter, cold LU, ST, KD  Nourishes the Yin and clears the Heat Heat, Yin
 Moistens the dryness and subdues irritability
 Fu Ling Sweet, bland, neutral HT, SP, KD  Settles the Heart and calms the Shen Shen, Heart
Zuo  Chuan Xiong Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC  Moves Qi and invigorates the Blood Shen (unsettled)
 Regulates Liver Blood
 Gan Cao Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises the middle jiao Middle Jiao
 Regulates other herbs Harmonise

Special Feature
 Chuan Xiong - Qi herb of Blood = Qi regulator of Blood = Blood condition with needs of moving = regulate LR blood by encouraging it to flow freely
 The combination of Suan Zao Ren (restraining) and Chuan Xiong (dispersing) is very effective in nourishing and regulating the Liver while calming the Shen

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44. Chai Hu Shu Gan Wan (Bupleurum powder to spread the Liver) – Regulate Qi – Promote the movement of Qi

시호소간탕(柴胡疎肝湯) -간실(肝實), 태식(太息), 흉협작통(胸脇作痛)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Liver Qi stasis  Liver acts to ensure the free and unrestrained flow of Qi throughout the body. If the Qi flow is disrupted, it
leads to Qi stagnation.
 Pacifies the Liver and relieves stagnation  LR is the partner of GB. The constraint of Liver Qi may also affect GB (Shaoyang system).
 Moves the Qi and stops pain  Constrained Liver Qi disturbs the ST.
 Constraint of LR Qi may also give rise to Liver Fire.

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis

Hypochondriac pain, very angry  Liver Qi stagnation
Intermittent chills and fever  Constraint of LR Qi affect GB (Shaoyang system)
Focal distension in the chest and abdomen, belching  Constraint of LR Qi disturbs ST function
Headache, red eyes  Constraint of LR Qi give rise to Liver Fire.
Wiry pulse  Liver Qi stagnation

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun Chai Hu 6 Acrid, bitter, sl cold LR, GB  Pacifies the LR and relieves stagnation Liver Qi stagnation
Chen Xiang Fu 5 Acrid, sl bitter, sl LR, SP, SJ  Regulates the Qi and pacifies the Liver Qi mover, Liver
sweet, neutral
Bai Shao 5 Sweet, sour, bitter, LR, SP  Moves the Qi and invigorates the Blood Qi and Blood mover, Pain
sl cold  Stops pain
Chuan Xiong 5 Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC
Zuo Chen Pi 6 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulate the Qi and relieve stagnation Qi regulator
Zhi Ke 5 Acrid, bitter, Cold SP, ST, LI
Shi Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Moderate spasms and stop the pain Pain, regulat
 Regulates other ingredients

Special Feature
 Chen Pi – supports nausea from LR/SP disharmony
 Zhi Ke – phlegm stagnation in Upper Jiao
 Chai Hu + Bai Shao = targeting LR system hence dispersing hyperactivity and softening LR (yin organ, yang function)
 Compared to this formula, Xiao Chai Hu Tang is used for LR Qi stagnation originated from external attack and Zheng Qi is affected, hence Renshen is used.

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45. Ban Xia Hou Po Tang (Pinelia and Magnolia Bark Decoction) – Regulate Qi – Promote the movement of Qi

반하후박탕(半夏厚朴湯) - 부인잡병(婦人雜病) - [婦人咽中, 如有灸  半夏厚朴湯主之.]

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Mei He Qi (plum-stone throat)  Mei He Qi is said to result from emotional upset due to circumstances which the patient figuratively cannot
(Hot & Cold clumping) swallow. The Qi thereupon becomes constrained and the LU and ST lose their ability to move the Qi
 Moves the Qi and resolve clumps downward. This leads to problems with the transportation and transformation of fluids, which leads to the
 Subdues rebellious Qi and transforms phlegm formation of phlegm. The phlegm clashes with the Qi and ultimately lodges in the throat, hence obstruction
of Qi mechanism by phlegm.

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis

Sensation of something caught in the throat, can’t swallow it down  Obstruction of Qi mechanism by phlegm
and can’t spit it out; Stifling sensation in the chest
Cough, vomiting  Severe case of obstruction of Qi mechanism by phlegm
White and moist coat or white and greasy coat tongue,  Constrained Qi and phlegm-dampness
wiry/moderate or wiry/slippery pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun Ban Xia Acrid, warm, toxic LU, SP, ST  Transforms phlegm and resolves clumps Phlegm/clumps, Descending
 Descends rebellious Qi and stops vomiting
Chen Hou Po Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP, ST, LI  Directs Qi downward Fullness, Descending
 Relieves stifling sensation
Zuo Fu Ling Sweet, bland, neutral HT, SP, KD  Leaches out dampness Damp, SP
 Strengthen the SP
Sheng Jiang Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Disperses clumping Clumps, ST, Descending
 Harmonises the ST and stops vomiting
Shi Zi Su Ye Acrid, warm LU, SP  Regulate the LU and spreads the Qi LU, obstruction in throat
 Relieves obstruction in the throat

Special Feature
 Mei He Qi is a subjective sensation in the throat (stuck/phlegm Qi), which can’t see or identify. Major cause is emotional upset.
 Zi Su Ye – help to disperse ‘stuck’ sensation in the throat.
 This formula uses Lung herbs. All of them except for Fu Ling enter to the Lung.

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46. Nuan Gan Jian (Warm the Liver Decoction) – Regulate Qi – Promote the movement of Qi

난간전(煖肝煎) - 산기(疝氣), 소복통(小腹痛)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Liver and Kidney deficiency (Yang vacuity), resulting in  Liver and Kidney channels pass the lower abdomen and inguinal area. Cold from deficiency of Liver and
Cold obstructing the LR and KD channels Kidneys causes Qi to stagnate, leading to Cold-type hernia disorder.
(Cold-type Hernia disorder)
 Warms and tonifies Liver and Kidney
 Promotes the movement of Qi and stops pain

Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis

Cold-type hernia disorder (sensation of cold and pain in the  Stagnation of Qi due to Cold from deficiency of LR and KD
testicles, abdominal pain, dislikes cold, feels better with warm)
Pale/white coat tongue, submerged/retarded pulse  Interior nature of the disorder
 the presence of cold in the LR and KD, resulting stagnation

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun Rou Gui acrid, hot SP,HT, LR, KD  Warms the LR and KD (Lower Jiao) Cold, Lower Jiao (LR, KD)
Xiao Hui Xiang Acrid, warm LR, KD, SP, ST  Expels the Cold and stops pain
Chen Dang Gui Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Pacifies the LR and promote movement of Qi KD, LR tonic
 Tonifies Yin Blood and benefits the LR and KD
Gou Qi Zi Sweet, neutral LR, KD  Tonifies and nourishes the LR and KD
Wu Yao Acrid, warm SP, KD, LU, BL  Promote movement of Qi and disperses clumping Qi regulator
Chen Xiang Acrid, bitter, warm SP, ST, KD  Stop pain
Zho/Sh Fu Ling Sweet, bland, neutral HT, SP, KD  Leaches dampness and strengthens the SP Middle Jiao
i Sheng Jiang Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Disperses the Cold and harmonises the ST

Special Feature
 Rou Gui and Xiao Hui Xiang – warm the Liver and Kidney; dispel Cold
 Wu Yao + Chen Xiang = together enhance the actions of Xiao Hui Xiang and Rou Gui by promoting the movement of Qi and alleviating pain, especially in the lower abdomen

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47. Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang (Drive out stasis in the mansion of blood decoction) – Regulate Blood– Invigorate the Blood and dispels Blood Stasis

혈부축어탕(血府逐瘀湯) - 건구(乾嘔), 두통(頭痛), 발열(發熱), 불면(不眠), 소아야제(小兒夜啼), 출한(出汗), 흉통(胸痛)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Blood stasis in the chest and obstructed Blood circulation  The stasis of blood obstructs the movement of Qi in the chest.
(above diaphragm)  The obstruction also prevents the clear yang from ascending to the head, with blockage of the flow of blood in
 Invigorates the Blood and expel blood stasis the channels from localized blood stasis
 If blood stasis obstructs the ST, the ST Qi may rebel upward.
 Long-term blood stasis tends to transform into heat, and constrained Qi tends to transform into fire. Blood
stasis may also obstruct the blood vessels and prevent nourishment from reaching the Heart. This combination
of stasis, heat, and malnourishment of the Heart may cause:
Signs & symptoms Bing Ji Analysis
Painful chest  The stasis of blood obstructs the movement of Qi in the chest.
Chronic headache, the pain is fixed and stabbing  The obstruction prevents the clear yang from ascending to the head, , with blockage of the flow of blood in the
channels from localized blood stasis
Persistent hiccough  If blood stasis obstructs the ST, the ST Qi may rebel upward.
Palpitations, insomnia, irritation, restlessness and easily angry,  Long-term blood stasis tends to transform into heat, and constrained Qi tends to transform into fire. Blood
evening ‘tidal fever’, dark or purplish lips or sclera stasis may also obstruct the blood vessels and prevent nourishment from reaching the Heart. This combination
of stasis, heat, and malnourishment of the Heart may cause:
Dark red with dark spots tongue, choppy or wiry and tense pulse  Blood stasis
Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary
channel
Jun Tao Ren 12 Sweet, bitter, neutral, toxic HT, LR, LI  Breaks up Blood stasis and moves Qi stagnation Blood stasis, Qi stasis
Hong Hua 9 Acrid, warm HT, LR  Invigorates the Blood and expels Blood stasis (contraindicated for pregnancy);Stop pain Blood mover, Blood stasis
Chen Chi Shao 6 Bitter, sl cold LR  Invigorate the Blood and expel blood stasis Blood mover, Blood stasis
Chuang Xiong 5 Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC  Reinforces the action of Tao Ren and Hong Hua
Niu Xi 9 Sweet, sour, bitter, neutral LR, KD  Invigorate the Blood and unblock the vessels Downward, unblock
 Directs blood stasis downward (LR/KD energy)
Zuo Sheng Di 9 Sweet, bitter, cold HT, LR,KD  Nourishes the Blood and benefits Yin
Dang Gui 9 Acrid, Sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Clears Heat and cools the blood Blood, Yin, Heat
Jie Geng 5 Acrid, bitter, neutral LU  Enters the Lung; Qi direction downward Downward, Lung
Zhi Ke 6 Acrid, bitter, sl cold SP, ST, LI  Enters SP, ST, Li; Qi direction is downward Downward, SP/ST/LI
Chai Hu 3 Acrid, bitter, sl cold LR, GB  Pacifies LR and resolves stasis Moving, Liver
 Facilitates the ‘illusive yang’ upward-rising
Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, SP, ST, LU  harmonises

Special Feature
 If use Bai Shao (instead of Chi Shao), Shudi (instead of ShengDi), it’s Si Wu Tang (together with Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong).  underlying blood deficiency
 Jie Geng and Zhi Ke – activates the Qi and opens up the chest
 Niuxi – downward movement

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48. Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang (Tonify the Yang to restore the five decoction) – Invigorate Blood and dispel Blood Stasis

보양환오탕(補陽還伍湯) - 구각유연(口角流涎), 구안왜사(口眼歪斜), 대변건조(大便乾燥), 반신불수(半身不遂), 소변빈삭(小便頻數), 어언건삽(語言蹇澁), 유뇨(遺尿)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Sequelae of Wind-stroke disorder leading to Yang Qi vacuity (root)  Deficiency of the normal Qi (driving force) with blood stasis impairs the movement of Qi and the provision of
with Blood stasis (branch), obstructing the channels nourishment by the blood, hence disruption of flows in the channel system.
 Tonifies Qi (Driving force, not yang Qi)  As a consequence of Wind-stroke, deficiency results from the obstruction of Qi and Blood in that half of the
 Invigorates the blood body. The pathogenic influence lodges in the deficient side of the body, deeply occupying both the Wei and Ying
 Unblocks the meridian system Qi levels, hence normal Qi eliminated and only pathogenic Qi remains in this half of the body (e.g. hemiplegia).

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Sinews, blood vessels, muscles, and flesh are deprived of nourishment, hence depletion of body  Hemiplegia, facial paralysis, atrophy of the lower limbs
function i.e. motor function
 Deficiency of Qi and blood stasis deprives the tongue of its nourishment and strength  slurred speech, drooling
 Deficiency of yang Qi inhibits the downward movement of the ST Qi, and obstructs the Qi of the Yang  dry stools
organs, thus extended transit time through the yang organs, hence increased absorption of fluids from
stool
 Deficiency of Qi impairs the transforming function which stabilises and retains the fluids  Frequent urination or incontinence
 Qi deficiency  Darkish tongue with white coating, moderate pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Huang Qi 12 Sweet, warm LU, SP  Tonifies the Qi in order to move the Blood Driving force (Qi) and Blood to
0  Prevents ‘Blood mover’ herbs from injuring the system nourish Jingluo
Chen  Dang Gui 3 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP
Zuo  Tao Ren 3 Sweet, bitter, HT, LR, LI  Breaks up blood stasis and moves Qi stagnation Blood stasis
neutral, toxic
 Hong Hua 3 Acrid, warm HT, LR  Invigorates the Blood and expels Blood stasis
 Chi Shao 5 Bitter, sl cold LR  Invigorate the blood and expel blood stasis
 Chuan Xiong 3 Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC  Reinforces the action of Tao Ren and Hong Hua
 Di Long 3 Salty, Cold LU, LR, KD  Lets through the meridian and invigorates the system Moving through the meridian

Special Feature
 Huang Qi and Dang Gui – Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang – Qi carries Blood and Blood nourishes Qi; Tonifying Qi is more effective to produce blood than tonifying blood directly
 Huang Qi – Strong Qi can more effectively impel the circulation of blood, which in turn helps resolve the paralysis -> indirectly eliminates the blood stasis without injuring the
normal Qi
 Di Long – unblock and invigorate the channels  with Huang Qi, it moves the Qi throughout the body.
 Tao Ren Si Wu Tang + (Huang Qi, Di Long) = Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang

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49. Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan (Gui Zhi and Fu Ling Pill) – Invigorate Blood and dispel Blood Stasis
계지복령환(桂枝茯苓丸) -태동불안(胎動不安), 누혈(漏血)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Blood stasis in the womb (during pregnancy)  This is blood stasis in the womb.
(accumulation of mass such as fibroid, tumor, illusion of blood stasis in  The blood stasis of blood in the womb disturbs the fetus by obstructing the flow of blood, leading to depriving
the womb) the fetus of nourishment, unstable fetus disorder.
 Invigorate Blood and expel blood stasis  When the flow of blood is obstructed in its normal pathways, it may spill out, causing uterine bleeding.
 Gradually reduces masses (long-term, slow action of ‘pill’)  Phlegm damp may contribute to the formation of masses or the blockage and stasis of blood, hence phlegm
damp complicating the blood stasis. The fixed abdominal mass (blood stasis symptom) may transform into heat.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Flow of blood is obstructed in its normal pathways, leading to bleeding  During Pregnancy : persistent uterine bleeding (dark purplish colour)
 Blood stasis accumulating in the womb  Abdominal pain which is worse when pressed, retention of lochia
 The blood stasis of blood in the womb disturbs the fetus by obstructing the flow  unstable foetus disorder
of blood, leading to depriving the fetus of nourishment
 Blood stasis  Dark purple tongue or with spots
 Sunken, sluggish (uneven) pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Gui Zhi 6 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LU, BL  Warms the vessels and moves blood stasis Blood vessels (warm)
Chen  Tao Ren 6 Bitter, sweet, HT, LR, LI  Invigorates blood and relieves blood stasis Blood stasis
neutral, sl toxic  Used with caution for pregnancy
Zuo  Mu Dan Pi 6 Acrid, bitter, sl cold HT, LR, KD  Cools the blood and clears heat accumulation from blood Heat
stasis
 Bai Shao 6 Sweet, sour, bitter, LR, SP  Nourishes blood Blood
sl cold  Relax spasm and stop pain
 Fu Ling 6 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, KD  Leaches dampness and reduces masses Damp, Mass
neutral (promote downward circulation of blood)
 Calm fetus
Zuo/Sh  Feng Mi  Harmonises other ingredients, which have ‘breaking-up’ Harmonise
i (Honey) action

Special Feature
 Gui Zhi – acrid, warm – it goes everywhere, hence herb for system (channel, interstices), especially in the middle heater including Gynecological obstruction area (with discomfort in
the epigastric region signs and symptoms e.g. burping)
 This formula is to treat physiological dysfunction which formed accumulation of mass, not manifestation itself – For example, Endometriosis. The action is slower than Tao He Cheng
Qi Tang but it is good at clearing blood stasis in Uterus.

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50. Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao San (Chuan Xiong powder to be taken with tea) – Disperse the External Wind

천궁차조산(川芎茶調散) -편정두통(偏正頭痛), 제풍상공(諸風上功), 비색성중(鼻塞聲重), 상풍장열(傷風壯熱), 격열담성(隔熱痰盛), 부인혈풍공주(婦人血風功주)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Headache due to external Wind attack  This is headache due to externally-contracted wind.
(Mild wind headache)  Head is meeting place of the yang channels. When wind invades the body, it follows the course of the channels
 Disperse Wind and stops pain upward to the head and eyes, obstructing the clear yang Qi, and causing headache and dizziness.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Head is meeting place of the yang channels. Clear Yang Qi  Headache (overall or one sided or vertex), dizziness
obstructed by external wind
The mutual regulation of Wei QI and Ying Qi is impaired by external  Chills
Wind
Battles between the normal Qi and evil Qi by external Wind  Fever
Lung is affected by Wind and nose is governed by the Lungs  blocked nose
External wind signs  Thin tongue with white coating
 Floating pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Chuan Xiong 12 Acrid, warm LR, GB, PC  Invigorate Blood and expel Wind Qi herb of Blood
 Stop pain
Chen  Bo He 12 Acrid, light, sl Cold LU, LR  Scatters Wind and stops pain Wind dispersing
 Jing Jie 12 Acrid, sl warm LU, LR  Clears and unblocks the head and eyes
Zuo  Qiang Huo 6 Acrid, bitter, warm KD, BL  Scatter Wind and stops pain Taiyang HA (Wind)
 Bai Zhi 6 Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST Yangming HA (Wind)
 Xi Xin 3 Acrid, Hot HT, LU, KD Shaoyin HA (Wind)
 Fang Feng 5 Acrid, sweet, sl LR, SP, BL  Expels exterior Wind Wind
warm
Shi  Gan Cao 6 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Benefits Qi and harmonises the Middle Jiao Qi, Middle Jiao, Harmoniser
 Regulates other ingredients
 Green tea Bitter, cool  Cold nature clears heat in the head and eyes Heat,
 Bitter nature has descending action to prevent wind- Balancing (by descending)
expelling herbs (Acrid) from over-rising

Special Feature
 Chuan Xiong – acrid, warm – Qi herb of Blood - Stop pain due to any form of stagnation (blood stasis, Qi & blood stasis, pain in general) by moving blood
 Bo He (large dosage)

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51. Cang Er Zi San (Cang Er Zi powder) – Disperse the External Wind
창이산(蒼耳散) -비연(鼻淵)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Nasal obstruction caused by Exogenous Wind attack  This is profuse nasal discharge caused by exogenous Wind attacking the Head.
(Nasosinusitis, Rhinosinusitis disorder)  ‘Cold’ factor blocks the orifices and affects sinus (nose, yintang, forehead area) – use warm herbs to unblock the
 Expels the Wind and unblock the orifices orifices

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Presence of pathogenic cold  Blocked nose, loss of sense of smelling, runny nose
Presence of wind  frontal-head pain
 Thin white coat or greasy white coat tongue
 Wiry pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Cang er Zi 60 Acrid, bitter, warm LU  Dispels Wind and resolve dampness Wind, Cold, Damp
 Unblock nose and stop pain nose
Chen  Bai Zhi 30 Acrid, warn LU, SP, ST  Dispel the wind and unblock the orifices Wind, nose
 Xin Yi Hua 15 Acrid, warm LU, ST
Zuo/Shi  Bo He 1. Acrid, cool LR, LU  Dispel wind Wind, harmonise (cool)
5  Clear eyes and head
 Harmonise the other herbs

Special Feature
 Allergic rhinitis with weakness of SP and phlegm/damp condition – use modified Cang Er Zi San and Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang together

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52. Xiao Feng San (Eliminate Wind powder) – Disperse the External Wind
소풍산(消風散) -亞急性(아급성), 慢性濕疹(만성습진)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Wind Dampness and Wind Heat attacking the Skin and Muscle layer  This is Wind-heat or Wind-damp that invades the body and contends with preexisting damp-heat. It then
(Eczema, Urticaria, Rashes, Psoriasis, Tinea capitis) becomes trapped between the flesh, skin, interstices and pores, and settles in the blood vessels.
 Disperse Wind and support Blood  Unable to drain internally or vent externally, it transforms into wind toxin.
 Clear Heat and expel Dampness  Any skin conditions contains “Damp”

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Damp and Heat in the blood  Red rash or skin lesion in blotches, weepy when scratched, ulceration/sore that doesn’t heal due to
underlying blood deficiency
Presence of wind  Itchy skin

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Jing Jie 6 Acrid, sl warm LR, LU  Disperse Wind evil from the exterior Wind, itchness
 Fang Feng 6 Acrid, sweet, sl LR, SP, BL  Stop itchiness
warm
 Niu Bang Zi 6 Acrid, bitter, cold LU, ST
 Chan Tui 6 Sweet, cold LR, LU
Chen  Cang Zhu 6 Acrid, bitter, warm LR, SP, ST  Expel wind evil and dry damp Wind damp
 Ku Shen 6 Bitter, cold HT, LR, ST, LI  Clear heat and dry damp Damp heat
 Mu Tong 3 Bitter, cold HT, SI, BL  Leaches out damp heat Damp Heat
Zuo  Shi Gao 6 Acrid, sweet, Cold LU, ST  Clear heat and drain fire Heat/Fire
 Zhi Mu 6 Sweet, bitter, cold LU, SP, ST
 Dang Gui 6 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Supports and invigorates Blood Blood tonic
 Sheng Di 6 Sweet, bitter, sl HT, LR, KD  Nourish Yin and clear heat Yin
Huang cold  Cool blood Blood heat
 Hei Zhi Ma 6 Sweet, neutral LR, KD, LI  Benefits Qi Qi, dryness
 Moistens the dryness
Shi  Gan Cao 2 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  harmonises hamoniser

Special Feature
 Sheng Di, Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong – any skin condition due to internal and external wind, it must consider Blood system (blood stasis, blood dryness, blood vacuity)

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53. Ling Jiao Gou Teng Yin (Antelope’s horn and Gou Teng decoction) – Extinguish Internal Wind
영각구등탕(羚角鉤藤湯) - 간경열성(肝經熱盛), 열극생풍(熱極生風)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Excess Heat in the Liver channel generating Wind  This pattern is the later stage of Warm Heat disease. When pathological factor enters the Liver, Excess Heat
(Cerebral hemorrhage, post-stroke sequelae, Shingles) creates rising Yang (Fire), which in turn creates internal wind.
 Cool the Liver and extinguish the Wind to stop twitching  Severe Heat consumes Jin Ye, which eventually turns into phlegm. A complex pathological condition exists
 Increase Fluid and flex the tendons/sinews between Wind, Fire, and Phlegm. The action of Wind and Fire can stir up the Phlegm causing blockages of the
 Transform the phlegm and calm the Shen microcirculation of Qi and Blood overall

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Severe heat affecting the Liver channel  Persistent high fever, big heat
Extreme heat turning into internal Wind; Liver governs the sinews  Twitching and spasms of the extremities, ‘epileptic’ fit
and extreme heat in LR channel will deprive the sinews of  Rigidity of neck and jaw (muscular tetany)
nourishment
Heat excess stirs up internal wind and the wind and fire joined in  Dizziness and vertigo
battle; Heat scorching the fluids generating phlegm which
aggravates the symptoms
In severe case, phlegm may lead to tetanic collapse  Impaired or actual loss of consciousness, delirium
Extreme heat injuring the fluids  Crimson, dry or black tongue with thorn
Heat in LR channel  Wiry and rapid

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Ling Yang Jiao 5 Salty, cold LR, HT  Pacify Liver and extinguish Heat Internal Wind
 Gou Teng 9 Sweet, cool LR, PC  Clear Heat and relieve twitching and spasm Heat
Chen  Sang Ye 6 Bitter, sweet, cool LU, LR  Disperse Wind and clear Heat Wind Heat
 Ju Hua 9 Acrid, sweet, bitter, LU, LR  Pacify Liver and extinguish Wind Liver, Wind
cool
Zuo  Sheng Di 15 Sweet, bitter, cool HT, LR, KD  Cools the Blood and nourishes the Yin Blood, Yin
Huang
 Bai Shao 9 Sweet, sour, bitter, LR, SP  Nourishes the Yin and drains Heat
cool  Softens the Liver and relaxes the tendons/sinews
 Chuan Bei Mu 12 Sweet, bitter, cool HT, LU  Clear Heat and transform phlegm Phlegm
 Zhu Ru 15 Sweet, sl cold LU, ST (underlying phlegm obstructs channel, causing wind)
 Fu Shen 9 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, ST  Silences the Heart and calms the Shen Shen, Heart
neutral
Shi  Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises other herbs Harmoniser

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54. Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang (Sedate the Liver Yang and extinguish Wind decoction ) – Extinguish Internal Wind
진간식풍탕(鎭肝熄風湯) - 간신휴손(肝腎虧損)/ 간신음허(肝腎陰虛), 심중열(心中熱), 현훈(眩暈)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Liver and Kidney Yin vacuity generating Liver Yang rising  This is Liver and Kidney yin deficiency with ascendant Liver Yang, which in severe cases leads to internal Liver
(severe dizziness, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension, vascular Wind with rebellious Qi and blood. These patterns are precursors to Wind-stroke, which can occur when severe,
headache, concussion, hyperthyroidism, stroke) ascendant Liver Yang transforms into Wind.
 Pacify Liver (Yang) and extinguish Wind
 Nourish the Yin and subdues floating Yang
Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom
Wind and Liver Yang ascend to attack the head  Severe dizziness and vertigo, sensation of distension in the eyes, tinnitus, feverish sensation in the head,
irritability, flushed face (as if drunken)
Liver and Stomach disharmony  Frequent belching
Ascendant Liver Yang causes the Blood to follow the rebellious Qi  loss of consciousness, mental confusion, motor dysfunction, development of facial asymmetry
upward
Ascendant Liver yang  Red with little coating
 Wiry, long and forceful pulse
Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary
channel
Jun  Niu Xi 30 Sweet, sour, bitter, neutral LR, KD  Affinity to Liver and Kidney; enters the blood; its directional LR/KD Yin tonic
dynamic is downward
 Use in high dosage, functions to bring chaotic Qi and Blood (in
the top) down
Chen  Dai Zhi Shi 30 Bitter, cold HT, LR  Heavy nature to suppress the rebellious Qi downward LR Yang
 Pacify LR and subdue the floating Yang
 Long Gu 15 Sweet, astringent, neutral LR, KD  Pacifies the Liver and extinguishes the Wind Liver Wind
 Mu Li 15 Salty, astringent, slightly cold LR, KD  Anchor the Yang and direct the rebellious Qi downward
 Gui Ban 15 Sweet, salty, cold HT, LR, KD  Nourishes the Yin and subdues floating Yang Blood
 Bai Shao 15 Sweet, sour, bitter, sl cold LR, SP
Zuo  Xuan Shen 15 Sweet, bitter, salty, sl cold LU, ST, KD  Affinity to Kidney KD Yin tonics
 Tian Dong 15 Sweet, bitter, cold LU, KD  Nourishes the Yin and clears Heat
 Yin Chen 6 Bitter, sl cold LR, GB  Clears and drains Liver Heat Liver Heat
 Chuan Lian Zi 6 Bitter, cold LR, SP, ST  Disperses Liver Qi to counteract downward movement Qi of
other herbs
Shi  Mai Ya 6 Sweet, neutral LR, SP, ST  Benefit the Qi and harmonise the ST, preventing metals and Middle Jiao
 Gan Cao 4.5 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST minerals from adversely affecting ST Zheng Qi
 Regulate other ingredients

Special Feature


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55. Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin (Tian Ma Gou Teng decoction) – Extinguish Internal Wind
천마구등음(天麻鉤藤飮) - 간양상항(肝陽上亢), 간풍내동(肝風內動)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Hyperactive Liver Yang with concurrent Liver Wind rising  This is ascendant Liver Yang with internal Liver Wind. When the Liver Yang ascends, the Wind and Yang disturb
(Hypertension, trigeminal neuralgia, stroke, dizziness and vertigo, the upper body and spirit.
prevention of seizures and epilepsy)
 Pacify the Liver and extinguish Wind
 Clear Heat and invigorate Blood
 Tonify the Liver and Kidney

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

the Wind and ascendant Liver Yang disturb the upper body  Headache, dizziness, tinnitus, hot sensation in the head
Ascendant Liver Yang disturbs spirit  Insomnia, dream disturbed sleep
Ascendant Liver Yang  Red tongue with yellow coating
 Wiry pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Tian Ma 9 Salty, Cold HT, LR  Extinguish wind and subdue floating yang Liver Wind, Heat
 Gou Teng 12 Sweet, sl cold LR, PC  Clear Liver Heat
Chen  Shi Jue Ming 18 Salty, cold LR  Pacifies Liver and subdues rising Yang Liver Yang
 Niu Xi 12 Sweet, sour, neutral LR, KD  Facilitate downward movement to assist subduing rising Liver and Kidney, downward
Yang rising yang
Zuo  Du Zhong 9 Sweet, warm LR, KD  Tonify Liver and Kidney Liver and Kidney system
 San Ji Sheng 9 Sweet, bitter, LR, KD (chronic nature)
neutral
 Zhi Zi 9 Bitter, cold HT, LU, LR, ST, TE  Clear Heat and drain Fire in Liver Heat/Fire, Liver
 Huang Qin 9 Bitter, cold LU, GB, ST, LI
 Yi Mu Cao 9 Acrid, sl bitter, sl HT, LR  Benefits the Liver and Kidney Blood tonic (rising yang)
cold  Invigorates the blood to support proper blood circulation,
preventing blood from rising to the head with Liver Yang
 Assist in pacifying the Liver and subduing rising Yang
 Ye Jiao Teng 9 Sweet, sl bitter, HT, LR  Calms the Heart and stabilizes the Shen Shen
neutral
 Fu Shen 9 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, ST
neutral

Special Feature
 Hyperactivity of LR Yang with LR/KD pathology – Zhen Gan Xi Feng Tang (acute, Yang, nourishing the physiology of Yin and Blood); Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin (chronic, Yang/Fire, nourish
LR/KD system)

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56. Xing Su San (Xing Ren and Su Ye powder) – Disperse External Dryness
행소산(杏蘇散) - 호흡기 계통의 질환에 쓰인다. 감기 증세인 기침이나 두통, 코가 막혀 숨쉬기가 힘들고 냄새를 맡지 못하는 증세
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
External attack of Cool Dryness  This is externally contracted cool-dryness interfering with the disseminating and descending function of Lungs.
(mid-late autumn)
 Warms and disperses Cool Dryness
 Regulates the LU Qi and transforms phlegm
Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom
Cool-dryness attacking the exterior  Slight Headache, aversion to cold without sweating
Cool-dryness attacks the Lungs, disrupting their ability to facilitate the  coughing, thin sputum
circulation of fluids, This results in the internal accumulation of
congested fluids
Since the nose is the sensory orifice of the Lungs and the throat is part  nasal congestion, dry throat
of the Lung system, dryness in the Lungs can lead to:
Cool-dryness and congested fluids  White coating tongue
 Wiry pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Su Ye 9 Acrid, warm LU, SP  Releases the exterior and disperses Lung Qi Wind Cold
 Xing Ren 9 Acrid, bitter, sl LU, LI  Disperses Lung Qi and directs reversal Qi downward Cough
warm  Moistens Dryness in the Lung
Chen  Qian Hu 9 Acrid, bitter, sl cold LU  Disperse evil Qi phlegm
 Descends Qi and transform phlegm
 Jie Geng 6 Acrid, bitter, LU  Regulate (descends) LU Qi and transform phlegm Phlegm
neutral  Stops coughing
 Zhi Ke 6 Acrid, bitter, cold SP, ST, LI  Promote flow of Qi, expands chest, stops coughing by Qi regulator
regulating the Qi
Zuo  Ban Xia 9 Acrid, warm, toxic LU, SP, ST  Dries Dampness and transform phlegm Phlegm, Qi
 Chen Pi 6 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulates Qi and moves stasis
 Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, KD  Leaches Dampness and strengthens the Spleen Damp
neutral
 Sheng Jiang 3 Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Regulate Ying Wei and stabilize the exterior Ying Wei
slc
s
 Da Zao 3 Sweet, warm SP, ST
pcs
Zuo/Sh  Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises other herbs Harmonise
i

Special Feature
 When treating phlegm, include Qi regulators, such as Zhi Ke, Chen Pi in this formula.

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57. Sang Xing Tang (Sang Ye and Xing Ren decoction) – Disperse External Dryness
상행탕(桑杏湯) - 온조상폐증으로 입이 마르며 건조한 기침에 쓴다.
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
External attack of Warm Dryness  This is Warm-dryness injuring the Lung Qi at a relatively superficial (exterior) level. Because the Lungs are
responsible for respiration and control the skin, they are the organ most influenced by the external
 Cools and disperses Warm Dryness
environment such as dry weather. (early autumn)
 Moistens the Lung and stops cough

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

External attack of warm dryness affects the Lung Wei at the exterior  Headache, fever, No aversion to cold (no external signs)
level
Disruption in the flow of Lung Qi and the scorching effect of warm-  dry throat and nasal passage, dry cough, no phlegm or little sticky phlegm,
dryness
Dryness depletes the Lung fluids  thirst, Red tongue with dry thin white coating
Relatively superficial disorder  Floating and rapid, especially on the right side (Qi side)

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Sang Ye Sweet. Bitter, cold LU, LR  Clears and disperses Warm Dryness Wind Heat
 Vents evil Qi out to the exterior
 Xing Ren Acrid, bitter, sl LU, LI  Disperses and descends Lung Qi Cough
warm  Moistens Dryness in the Lung and stops coughing
Chen  Dan Dou Chi Acrid, sweet, sl LU, ST  Clears Lung Heat and disperses the exterior Lung Heat, exterior
bitter, cold
 Zhe Bei Mu Sweet, bitter, cold HT, LU  Clears Heat and transforms phlegm Lung Heat, phlegm
 Moistens the Lung
 Sha Shen Sweet, sl bitter, sl SP, ST  Nourishes the Yin and promotes fluid (Jin) production Cooling, Yin/Jinye (moistening)
cold  Moistens the Lung
Zuo  Zhi Zi Pi Bitter, cold HT, LU, LR, TE  Clears and drains Heat in the Upper Jiao Heat, Upper Jiao
 Li Pi Sweet, cool LU  Clears Heat and moistens the Lung Lung Heat, cooling, moistening
 Stops cough and transforms phlegm

Special Feature
 Xing Su San - Cool Dryness with external symptoms – treat using Phlegm/Qi regulator herbs (mid/late autumn)
 Sang Xing Tang – Warm Dryness without external symptoms – treat and moisturize using Yin herbs (early autumn)
 Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang - similar to Sang Xing Tang, but more Heat and Dryness symptoms with deficient signs (pulse)

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58. Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang (Eliminate dryness and rescue the Lungs decoction) – Disperse External Dryness

청조구폐탕(清燥救肺汤) - 温燥伤肺。头痛身热，干咳无痰，气逆而喘，咽喉干燥，鼻燥，胸满胁痛，心烦口渴，舌干无苔，脉虚大而数

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

Warm Dryness injuring the Lung with damage of Qi and Yin  This is warm-dryness attacking the Lungs and causing the Lung Qi to rebel. The injury to the Lungs from warm-
dryness also causes a mild deficiency of Qi and yin.
 Clears Dryness and moistens the Lung
 Benefits Qi and nourishes Yin

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

warm-dryness attacking the Lungs and causing the Lung Qi to rebel  Headache, fever, wheezing
Lung Qi is unable to spread  stifling sensation in the chest
The presence of dryness  dry cough (without phlegm), dry throat, thirst, dry nasal passage
 Dry tongue without coating
Qi and yin deficiency signs  Deficient, big, and rapid pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Sang Ye 9 Acrid, bitter, cold LU, LR  Clears and disperses Warm Dryness Warm Dryness, disperse
 Vents evil Qi out to the exterior
Chen  Shi Gao 9 Acrid, sweet, cold LU, ST  Clears and drains LU Heat Lung Heat (cooling, moistening)
 Relives thirst
 Mai Dong 4 Sweet, sl bitter, LU, ST  Nourishes the Yin and moistens the Lung Yin (Lung, ST)
sl cold
Zuo  Ren Shen 2 Sweet, sl bitter, HT, LU, SP  Strengthen the Spleen and benefit the Qi Qi, middle jiao
sl warm
 Hei Zhi Ma 3 Sweet, neutral LR, KD, LI  Nourish the Yin and moisten the Lung Yin (Lung)
 E Jiao 3 Sweet, neutral LU, LR, ST
 Xing Ren 2 Acrid, bitter, LU, ST  Facilitate Lung Qi to descend Descending LU Qi
sl warm
 Pi Pa Ye 3 Bitter, cool LU, ST
(honey-fried)
Shi  Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Regulates other ingredients Regulates, middle jiao

Special Feature
 Sang Ye and Shi Gao – synergic ally treat warm-dryness in the Lungs

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59. Bai He Gu Jin Tang (Bai He decoction to preserve the Metal) – Nourish and Moisten Internal Dryness
백합고금탕(百合固金湯) - 어혈(瘀血), 인통(咽痛), 폐상(肺傷), 해수(咳嗽)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
Lung and Kidney Yin Vacuity with Vacuous Fire rising  This is internal dryness of Lungs due to LU and KD yin deficiency. Yin deficiency generates internal heat which
rises to cause a dry and sore throat. Yin deficiency may be caused either by a chronic disorder of the Lungs
 Nourishes Lung and Kidney
which injures the yin and fluids, or by any condition which injures the KD yin.
 Transforms Phlegm and stops coughing

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

Heat from deficiency steams the Lungs and interferes with the  Coughing with blood-streaked sputum
regulation of LU Qi and the Heat scorches the collaterals of LU
Heat from deficiency  dry and sore throat, warm sensation in the palms and soles, ‘steaming bones’ sensation, night sweating
 Thin and rapid pulse
 Red tongue with little coat

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Bai He 12 Sweet, sl cold HT, LU  Nourishes Yin and clears Heat Yin, Heat, Cough
 Moistens the Lung and stops cough
 Sheng Di 9 Sweet, bitter, cold HT, LR, KD  Nourishes the Kidney Water and tonifies the Yin Blood, Yin
 Shu Di 9 Sweet, sl warm LR, KD  Cools the Blood and stops bleeding (Sheng Di)
Chen  Mai Dong 9 Sweet, sl bitter, LU, ST  Nourishes the Yin and clears Heat Yin, Heat, Throat
sl cold  Treats sore and dry throat
 Xuan Shen 3 Sweet, bitter, salty, LU, ST, KD
cold
Zuo  Dang Gui 9 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LR, SP  Stops cough and subdues reversal Qi Blood
 Bai Shao 6 Sweet, sour, bitter, LR, SP  Nourishes and supports Blood Cough (Dang Gui)
sl cold
 Bei Mu 6 Sweet, bitter, HT, LU  Clears Heat and moistens the Lung Phlegm
sl cold  Transforms phlegm and stops cough
Shi  Jie Geng 6 Acrid, bitter, LU  Disperses the Lung and soothes the throat Phlegm, throat
neutral  Transforms phlegm and carries other herbs up to the Lung
 Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Clears Heat and drains Fire Fire, Harmonises
 Harmonises other herbs

Special Feature
 Dang Gui – used for Blood tonic and Cough
 When treating yin, include Blood herbs

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60. Ping Wei San (Calm the Stomach powder) – Transform Dampness and Harmonise the Stomach

평위산(平胃散) -구토(嘔吐), 만민(滿悶), 비격(痞隔), 산람장기(山嵐瘴氣), 설사(泄瀉), 숙식불소(宿食不消), 습담(濕痰)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 Dampness accumulation in SP and ST  SP is responsible for transformation and transportation of nutrients throughout the body. It prefers dryness and
smooth flow of Qi, and is adverse to dampness and stagnation.
 Dries damp and activates SP transportation function
 Overconsumption of raw or cold foods or living in a damp environment lead to dampness, which encumbers the
 Moves Qi and harmonises ST SP and produces turbid dampness, which in turn causes the Qi of the middle jiao to stagnate, affecting
transporting function of SP.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Qi of middle jiao is stagnated due to turbid dampness accumulation  Distension in the epigastrium and abdomen
 The failure of SP transporting function prevents ST from receiving and passing the fluids downward  Nausea, vomiting, belching, acid reflux
 SP yang is unable to function  Lack of appetite, sensation of heavy limbs and body, lethargy, increased
desire to sleep
 The encumbrance of SP allows dampness to flow into the intestines  Loose stools or diarrhea
 Presence of damp-cold and turbid dampness  Thick white and greasy coating
 Damp encumbering SP  Moderate (slippery) pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Cang Zhu 15 Acrid, bitter, warm LR, SP, ST  Strengthens SP and dries dampness Damp, SP
Chen  Hou Po 9 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, ST, LI  Disperses fullness and dries dampness
 Aromatic nature to stimulate SP
Zuo  Chen Pi 9 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Moves Qi and regulates stasis (from damp) Qi regulator
 Assist Hou Po in directing rebellious Qi downward and
eliminate distension
Shi  Gan Cao 6 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Tonifes SP and harmonises other herbs harmonise
 Sheng Jiang 2 slc Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Regulate and harmonise SP and ST SP and ST
 Da Zao 2 pc Sweet, warm SP, ST  Sheng Jiang and Da Zao are Made into tea

Special Feature
 Hou Po – aromatic herb to cut through the turbidity and revive the Spleen
 Pi Wei San is not for weak SP

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61. Ba Zheng San (Eight herb powder for rectification of Qi Hua ) – Clear Heat and expel Damp

팔정산(八正散) -열림熱淋

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 Downward flow of Damp-Heat to the Lower Jiao  This is hot or bloody painful urinary dysfunction caused by the clumping of Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao. There
(Lin Zheng – Dysuria disorder – non-bacterial) is commonly a history of overindulgence of spicy, sweet or rich foods, or overconsumption of alcohol.
 Clears Heat and drains Fire
 Benefits Water and unblocks urinary dysfunction

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Damp-Heat in Bladder  Urgent and frequent urination, painful burning sensation
 Injury to the blood vessels  dark urine
 in severe Damp-Heat condition  there may be urinary retention and lower abdominal distension and pain
 Presence of Damp-Heat  Yellow and greasy coating tongue
 Slippery and rapid pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Hua Shi 9 Sweet, bland, cold ST, BL  Clears Heat and leaches out Dampness Damp-Heat, Urination
 Mu Tong 9 Biter, cold HT, SI, BL  Benefits urinary function
Chen  Qu Mai 9 Bitter, cold HT, SI, BL  Clears Heat Heat, Urination
 Bian Xu 9 Bitter, sl cold BL  Benefits urination
 Che Qian Zi 9 Sweet, cold LU, LR, KD
 Deng Xin Cao 9 Sweet, bland, cool HT, LU, SI
Zuo  Da Huang 9 Bitter, cold HT, LR, SP, ST, LI  Clears Heat and drains Fire Heat, San Jiao
 Zhi Zi 9 Bitter, cold HT, LU, LR, ST, SJ  Unblocks and benefits Water pathway of the San Jiao
Shi  Gan Cao 9 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises other herbs Harmonises, Pain
 Moderates urgency and stops pain

Special Feature
 Damp-Heat in the Lower Jiao – Er Miao San (scanty/dark urination, use Damp-Heat clearing herbs); Ba Zheng San (urgent/frequent urination, use a lot of diuretics)

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62. Wu Ling San (Five ingredient powder with Fu Ling) – Promote Urination and leach out Dampness

오령산(五苓散) -곽란토리(霍亂吐利), 상서번갈(傷暑煩渴), 상한온열(傷寒溫熱), 소변불리(小便不利), 온역(溫疫), 황달(黃疸)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 1. Water accumulation in the Lower Jiao  1. This is used to treat Xu Shui pattern. Xu Shui means water built up in the interior caused by disorders of concurrent
 2. Accumulation of Water and Dampness in the interior Tai Yang channel and Tai Yang Fu patterns. It begins with Tai Yang pattern (as in Ma Huang Tang), if it is not resolved,
 3. Tan Yin (phlegm fluid) the pathogen may travel along the channel system and enters into the Tai Yang Fu organ of Bladder. Hence the patient
 4. Shui yin (Water fluid) insulting the Lung suffers from both Tai Yang channel (exterior) pattern and Tai Yang Fu (interior) pattern.
 Warms the Yang and activates Qi transforming function for  2. Water Dampness accumulation, caused by SP deficiency failing to transport Water.
water metabolism  3. Tan Yin (phlegm fluid) pattern, which reflects retention of congested fluids, especially in the lower jiao in this case.
 Promotes urination and leaches out dampness Shui Yin (Water Fluid) insulting the Lung
Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom
 1. Tai Yang exterior condition is not resolved, hence there will still be exterior symptoms  Headache, slight fever, floating or floating pulse
 1. The pathogens have entered the Tai Yang Fu organ of Bladder to impair its water transforming function  Urinary dysfunction
 1. Since there is already water accumulation, the body cannot tolerate fluids intake  Vomiting immediately after drinking, white tongue coating
 1. Water built up is not being properly transported  thirst
 1. Water accumulation generates Heat  Irritability, rapid pulse
 2. Internal water and damp accumulation overflows into the muscles and skin  Oedema
 2. SP fails to transform and transport Water and Damp to Bladder  urinary difficulty, loose stools
 2. When Yang of middle jiao is deficient, external pathogen influences more easily penetrate to the interior,  Vomiting and diarrhea due to ‘sudden turmoil’ disorder
disrupting the normal function of ST and LI, hence the Qi mechanism of clear yang from ascending and the
turbid yin from descending is impaired
 3. Retention of congested fluids in the lower jiao  Abdominal pulsation (rumbling sensation) below the umbilicus
 3. Stagnation produced by congested fluids leads to an upward rebellion (vomiting) of frothy saliva  Spitting of frothy saliva
 3. Ascent of clear yang is obstructed  Vertigo
 4. The congested fluids encroach on the Lungs  Shortness of breath, coughing

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to Functions Function Summary

channel
Jun  Ze Xie 15 Sweet, bland, cold KD, BL  Benefits Water and leaches out Dampness Dampness
Chen  Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, neutral HT, SP, ST  Reinforces the action of Ze Xie
 Zhu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, neutral KD, BL  Benefits Water and leaches out Dampness
Zuo  Bai Zhu 9 Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST  Strengthens SP and transforms Dampness SP, Dampness
 Gui Zhi 6 Acrid, sweet, warm HT, LU, BL  Warms the Yang and facilitates the transforming function of the Qi Warm Yang, Qi transforming,
 Releases the Tai Yang exterior pattern by expelling the Wind Cold Taiyang exterior pattern
factor
Special Feature
 Taiyang disorders – Taiyang Blood accumulation (Tao He Cheng Qi Tang); Taiyang water “Shui Yin” accumulation (Wu Ling San)

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63. Zhu Ling Tang (Zhu Ling decoction) – Promote Urination and leach out Dampness
저령탕(猪苓湯) - 수열호결 水熱互結 -두통신통(頭痛身痛), 발황(發黃), 삼초열(三焦熱), 소변불리(小便不利), 심번구갈(心煩口渴), 심번불면(心煩不眠), 양명병(陽明
病), 역(疫), 해(咳)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
 Interlocking of Water and Heat  This is injury from Cold (Taiyang attack) entering the Yangming or Shaoyin stage where it transforms into Heat.
 Benefits Water and leaches out Dampness The Heat battles with Water (controlled by Kidneys, the organ corresponding to the Shaoyin channel), which
leads to clumping of Water and Heat.
 Clears Heat and nourishes Yin
 It is also common for this pattern to develop in patients with constitutional yin deficiency and invasion of Heat
into the lower jiao.
Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom
 Heat injures the yin (fluids) and disturbs the water pathways  Difficult urination
 Heat gives rise to feve. Injury to the fluids and obstruction of the water pathways causes thirst with a  Fever, thirst (true thirst) with desire to drink, diarrhea
desire to drink. When fluids cannot be eliminated through the urine they are eliminated through the
stool, resulting in diarrhoea.
 If the disturbance of the water pathways affects the flow of Qi in the Lungs  Coughing
 If the disturbance of the water pathways affects the middle jiao  nausea
 Vigorous Heat due to yin deficiency agitates the Heart  irritability, insomnia
 Presence of Heat  Red tongue with white or yellow coating
 Thin and rapid pulse
Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary
Jun  Zhu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, neutral KD, BL  Benefits water (reinforces the proper functioning of the water Water, Dampness
pathways) and leaches out Dampness
Chen  Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, neutral HT, SP, KD  Strengthens SP and transforms Dampness
SP, Dampness
 Ze Xie 9 Sweet, bland, cold KD, BL  Benefits Water (promote water metabolism, unblocks the Water, Dampness, Heat
deep parts of the water pathways that involve the Kidneys)
and leaches out Dampness
 Clears Heat
Zuo  Hua Shi 9 Sweet, bland, cold ST, BL  Benefits Water (unblock painful urinary dysfunction) and Water, Heat
clears Heat
 E Jiao 9 Sweet, neutral LU, LR, KD  Nourishes Yin and moistens dryness Yin tonic, dryness
 Prevents excessive urination, which would further injure yin
Special Feature
 In Zhu Ling Tang, there is a sign of thirst with desire to drink (true thirst), which is contrast to thirst without a desire to drink in Damp-Heat
 Zhu Ling Tang promotes urination without injuring yin, and stabilize yin without causing retention of pathogenic influences.
 Both Wu Ling San and Zhu Ling Tang treat urinary difficulty due to disturbances of the water pathways by promoting urination, using Fu Ling, Zhu Ling, and Ze Xie.
 Difference: Wu Ling San (treats a condition where the disease is still active in the exterior by focusing on unblocking the flow of Yang to encourage the transformation of Qi);
Zhu Ling Tang (treats pathogenic influences which have transformed into Heat in the interior by clearing Heat and nourishing Yin.

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64. Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang (Fu Ling, Gui Zhi, Bai Zhu and Gan Cao decoction) – Warm and transform Water and Dampness (or Cold Phlegm)

영계출감탕(苓桂朮甘湯) -담음(淡飮), 목현(目眩), 심하수비(心下水痞), 지만흉협(支滿胸脇)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 Yang Qi vacuity in the middle jiao  This is congested fluids in the epigastrium caused by Yang Qi Vacuity in the Middle Jiao. When the SP Yang is
 Tan Yin (phlegm fluid) disorder weak, it is unable to transform the fluids.
 Warms Yang and transforms congested fluids
 Strengthens SP and leaches out Dampness

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Congested fluids gather in the area around the diaphragm and obstruct the Qi mechanisms  Fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region, shortness of breath,
coughing, Palpitations
 Congested fluids block the rise of the clear Yang and the descent of the turbid Yin  Dizziness and vertigo
 SP deficiency, congested fluids  White and slippery tongue coating
 Congested fluids  Wiry and slippery pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Fu Ling 12 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, KD  Strengthen SP and benefits Water (reinforce the proper SP, Damp
neutral functioning of water pathway)
 Leaches out Dampness and transforms fluids
Chen  Gui Zhi 9 Acrid, warm HT, LU, SP, BL  Warms Yang, transforms Qi, and benefits Water Warm Yang, Qi transforming
 Neutralises assault as in reversed flow of Qi
Zuo  Bai Zhu 9 Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST  Strengthen SP and dries Dampness SP, Dampness
 Gan Cao 6 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Benefits Qi and harmonises the Middle Jiao Qi, Middle, harmonises
 Harmonises other herbs

Special Feature
 Fu Ling (increases the circulation of the congested fluids) + Gui Zhi (warms and increases the flow of Qi) = effectively treat Cold due to lingering of congested fluids by strengthening
SP, resolving congested fluids (by promoting urination), and preventing dampness from recurring
 Si Jun Zi Tang modification (Gui Zhi instead of Ren Shen)
 Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang vs. Wu Ling San

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65. Er Chen Tang (Two cured ingredients decoction) –Dry dampness and expel phlegm

이진탕(二陳湯) - 담음(痰飮)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 Damp phlegm accumulation  This is damp-phlegm from SP failing to properly transport the fluids, which thereupon accumulate and form
phlegm. The accumulation of damp-phlegm in turn encumbers SP, which further impedes the transportation
 Dries dampness and transform phlegm
 The root of this disorder is deficient Qi, which predisposes the person to the development of damp-phlegm. In
 Regulates Qi and harmonises the middle jiao turn the damp-phlegm disrupts and weakens the Qi mechanisms.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Phlegm obstructs the Qi mechanisms of the middle jiao  Stifling sensation in the chest and diaphragm, palpitations
 Phlegm follows the flow of Qi upward to the Lungs where it interferes with its Qi mechanisms  Coughing, copious phlegm
 Phlegm generated due to Dampness and Deficiency, hence copious, white, and easily expectorated
sputum
 Phlegm interferes with the normal descent of the ST Qi  Nausea, vomiting
 Presence of phlegm in the middle jiao obstructs the ascent of the clear yang  Dizziness
 Indication of damp-phlegm  White and slippery (greasy) coating tongue
 Indication of SP Qi deficiency  Slippery pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Ban Xia 15 Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Dries Dampness and transform phlegm Cold Damp Phlegm, ST, nausea
 Harmonises ST and subdues reversal Qi (vomiting) & vomiting
Chen  Ju Hong 15 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulates Qi and moves stasis Qi regulator, Damp phlegm,
(Chen Pi)  Dries Dampness and transforms phlegm coughing, nausea & vomiting
Zuo  Fu Ling 9 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, ST  Strengthens SP and leaches out Dampness SP, Damp
neutral Dizziness, palpitations
 Sheng Jiang 7 slc Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Harmonises ST and stops vomiting ST, nausea & vomiting,
 Neutralizes toxicity of Ban Xia toxicity (ban xia)
 Wu Mei 1 pc Sour, astringent, LU, SP, ST  Restrains LU Qi LU Qi, counterbalancing
neutral  Counterbalances the dispersing action of other acid and dispersing action
warm herbs
Shi  Zhi Gan Cao 4.5 Sweet, sl warm HT, LU, SP, ST  Strengthens SP and harmonises Middle Jiao SP, Middle Jiao, regulates
 Regulates other ingredients

Special Feature
 Er Chen Tang serves as the foundation for other formulas – Xing Su San, Wen Dan Tang, Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang, Liu Jun Zi Tang, Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan, etc

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66. Wen Dan Tang (Warm the Gall Bladder decoction) –Dry dampness and expel phlegm
온담탕(温胆汤) - 불면(不眠), 상한(傷寒), 심담허겁증(心膽虛怯證), 허번(虛煩)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 GB stasis, accompanied by Phlegm arousing  This is disharmony between GB and ST with phlegm-heat.
 Regulates Qi and transforms phlegm
 Benefits GB and harmonises ST

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Phlegm-heat disturbs the chest and Heart  Easily frightened, irritability, anxiety, insomnia
 Turbid yin rises in rebellion  Nausea, vomiting
 Heat in GB  bitter taste, slight thirst
 Phlegm in ST leads to greasy tongue coating and slippery pulse  Greasy and yellow coating tongue
 Heat in GB leads to yellow tongue coating
 Heat in GB  Rapid, wiry or slippery pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Ban Xia 6 Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Dries Damp and transforms Phlegm Damp phlegm, ST, vomiting
 Harmonises ST and stops vomiting
Chen  Zhu Ru 6 Sweet, sl cold LU, ST  Clears Heat and transforms phlegm Heat, phlegm, vomiting,
 Stops vomiting and subdues irritability irritability
 Zhi Shi 6 Acrid, bitter, sl SP, ST, LI  Regulates Qi and moves stasis Qi regulator, Damp phlegm
cold  Dries Dampness and transforms phlegm
 Chen Pi 9 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP
Zuo  Fu Ling 4.5 Sweet, neutral HT, SP, ST  Resolves Damp and strengthens SP SP, Damp
 Sheng Jiang 5 slcs Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Harmonises SP and ST SP & ST,
 Da Zao 1 pc Sweet, warm SP, sT  Sheng Jiang counterbalances the toxicity of Ban Xia Toxicity of Ban Xia
Shi  Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises other herbs harmonises

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67. Ding Chuan Tang (Arrest Wheezing decoction) – Dry dampness and expel phlegm (or Direct rebellious Qi downward)

정천탕(定喘湯) -천(喘), 폐풍담해(肺風痰咳)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 Wind Cold encompassing in the exterior and Phlegm-Heat  This is wheezing caused by wind-cold constraining exterior and phlegm-heat smoldering in the interior. This
smoldering in the interior (Wheezing & Dyspnea) usually occurs in patients with a constitutional tendency toward excessive phlegm who contract wind-cold.
 Disperses LU Qi and directs Qi downwards
 Clears Heat and transforms phlegm

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 When the LU Qi is obstructed, its directional flow is disrupted, and the constrained Qi transforms into  Coughing with wheezing, copious/yellow/thick sputum, labored
Heat. breathing
 presence of exterior condition  Slight aversion to cold
 signs of Heat and Phlegm  Yellow and greasy tongue coating
 Slippery and rapid pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Ma Huang 9 Acrid, sl bitter, LU, BL  Disperses LU Qi and stops wheezing Dispersing LU Qi, wheezing,
warm  Releases exterior and expels cold Exterior cold
 Bai Guo 9 Sweet, astringent, LU  Constrains LU Qi and settles wheezing Constraining LU Qi, wheezing,
bitter, toxic, neutral  Expels phlegm phlegm
Chen  Xing Ren 9 Acrid, bitter, LU, LI  Directs rebellious Qi downwards and settles wheezing Rebellious Qi downwards,
sl warm, toxic  Transforms phlegm and stops coughing wheezing, phlegm, coughing
 Kuan Dong 9 Acrid, sl bitter, LU
Hua warm
 Su Zi 6 Acrid, warm LU, LI
 Ban Xia 9 Acrid, warm, toxic LU, SP, ST
Zuo  Huang Qin 6 Bitter, cold LU, GB, ST, LI  clear Heat in LU Heat in LU, coughing
 Sang Bai Pi 6 Sweet, cold LU  stops coughing
Shi  Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  regulates other ingredients regulates

Special Feature
 Bai Guo – astringent and containing the leakage of LU Qi - prevents Ma Huang from causing excessive dispersion and depletion. The complementary action of Ma Huang and Bai Guo
greatly enhances the ability of the formula to arrest wheezing

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68. Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan (Clear the Heat in the Qi and transform Phlegm pill) – Clear Heat and transform Phlegm
청기화담환 (清氣化痰丸) -조담(燥痰)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 Phlegm-Heat stagnation in the Lung  This is internal clumping of phlegm-heat which occurs when Fire ‘brews’ fluids which have become stagnant due
to the weakening of the transportive function of SP.
 Clears Heat and transforms Phlegm
 Regulates Qi and stops coughing

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Heat and Phlegm interfere with the descending function of LU Qi  coughing with yellow and thick sputum that is difficult to cough out
 Heat and Phlegm obstruct the Qi of Middle Jiao  stifling sensation in the chest and diaphragm, nausea, panting
 Presence of Heat and Phlegm  red tongue with yellow greasy coating
 rapid and slippery pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Dan Nan Xing 9 Acrid, bitter, sl cold LR, GB  clear Heat and transform phlegm Heat, Phlegm
Chen  Guo Lou Ren 6 Sweet, sl bitter, LU, ST, LI
cold
 Ban Xia 9 Acrid, toxic, warm LU, SP, ST  clears Heat and drains Fire (Huang Qin) Heat, Fire, phlegm, clumping
 Huang Qin 6 Bitter, cold HT, ST, LI  Transforms phlegm and disperses clumping which has
already formed (Ban Xia)
Zuo  Xing Ren 6 Acrid, bitter, toxic, LU, LI  Directs Lung Qi downwards and facilitates dispersing LU Qi downwards,
sl warm function of Lung LU dispersing
 Chen Pi 6 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulates Qi and transforms phlegm Qi regulator, phlegm
 Zhi Shi 6 Acrid, bitter, sl cold SP, ST, LI  Breaks up Qi stasis and relieves the chest Qi stasis break-up
 Fu Ling 6 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, KD  Leaches Dampness and strengthens SP SP, Damp
neutral
 Ginger Juice Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Relieves phlegm Phlegm

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69. Bei Mu Gua Lou San (Bai Mu and Gua Lou powder ) –Moisten Dryness and transform Phlegm

패모과루산(貝母瓜蔞散) -폐화옹알(肺火壅遏)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 Dryness-phlegm in the Lung  This condition is caused by dryness in the Lungs which injures the fluids and causes Phlegm.
 Moistens the Lung and clears Heat
 Regulates Qi and transforms Phlegm

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Presence of dry-phlegm  Coughing with urgency, difficulty in coughing out the phlegm
 Phlegm interrupts the flow of LU Qi, which results in coughing and wheezing
 Dry pathogenic influence attacking the Lungs  dry throat and mouth
 Presence of dryness in the Lungs  dry and white coating tongue

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Bei Mu 5 Acrid, bitter, sl cold HT, LU  Clears Heat and moistens LU Heat, LU, Phlegm, coughing
 Transforms Phlegm and stops coughing
 Gua Lou 3 Sweet, sl bitter, LU, ST, LI  Clear LU Heat and moistens Dryness LU Heat, Dryness, Phlegm
cold  Loosens up interlocking and transforms Phlegm
Chen  Tian Hua Fen 2.5 Sweet, sl bitter, LU, ST  Clears and drains LU Heat LU Heat, Fluids, Dryness
sl cold  Generates Fluids and moistens Dryness (like Shi Gao)
Zuo  Ju Hong 2.5 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulates Qi and transforms Phlegm Qi regulator, Phlegm
 Fu Ling 2.5 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, ST  Strengthens SP and leaches out Dampness SP, Dampness
neutral
Shi  Jie Geng 2.5 Acrid, bitter, LU  Disperses LU Qi and transforms Phlegm LU Qi, Phlegm, Carrier to LU
neutral  Carries other herbs to Lung

Special Feature
 Ju Hong, Fu Ling – A healthy SP will transport fluids to the Lungs. This is one form of the strategy of cultivating Earth to generate Metal. Ju Hong regulates the Qi (stagnation of SP Qi)
and Fu Ling strengthens SP & leaches out Dampness.

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70. Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang (Fu Ling, Gan Cao, Wu Wei Zi, Gan Jiang, Xi Xin decoction) –Warm and transform Cold Phlegm

영감오미강신탕(苓甘五味薑辛湯)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary

 Cold Phlegm  This is Cold congested fluids due to Yang deficiency and ascendant Yin. Yang deficiency of SP causes the
generation of Cold, which impedes the transportive and transformative functions of the middle jiao. This leads
 Warms the Lung and transforms Cold Phlegm
to stagnation of fluids. Cold in the Lungs impedes their ability to disseminate the fluids, which collect and form
congested fluids in the Lungs.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Congested fluids disrupt the directional mechanisms of LU Qi  Cough with profuse phlegm that is thin and white, tendency to spit out
frothy spittle
 Congested fluids and rebellious Qi in the Lungs  congested sensation in the chest
 Presence of Cold, Phlegm  white, greasy tongue coat
 Presence of Phlegm, stagnant Qi  wiry, slippery pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Gan Jiang 9 Acrid, hot HT, LU, SP, ST  Warms Lung and expels Cold Warm LU and SP Yang
 Warms and tonifies SP Yang in order to transform Damp.
Chen  Xi Xin 6 Acrid, warm HT, LU, KD  Warms Lung and expels Cold Warm LU, disperse
 Fu Ling 12 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, LU, KD  Strengthens SP and leaches out Dampness SP, Damp
neutral
Zuo  Wu Wei Zi 5 Sweet, sour, warm HT, LU, KD  Restrains LU Qi and stops coughing Restrain LU Qi
Shi  Gan Cao 9 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises Middle Jiao Harmonise
 Regulates other herbs

Special Feature
 Xi Xin + Wu Wei Zi = together they disperse without injuring the normal Qi, and restrain leakage without causing the retention of the pathogenic influence.
 According to Zang Zhong Jing, tree herbs for treating congested fluids due to cold => Gan Jiang (warm), Xi Xin (disperse), and Wu Wei Zi (restrain) – simultaneously addressing both
the manifestation and root of this disorder

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71. Zhi Sou San (Stop coughing powder) – Dispel Wind and transform Phlegm

지수산(止嗽散) -해수(咳嗽)
TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
 Exogenous Wind assaulting the Lung (Persistent Cough)  This is exogenous Wind pathogenic factor violates the Lung. The condition is due to an external factor at the
onset. Most probably Wind-Cold attack. Incomplete treatment of “releasing the exterior’ strategy results in
 Disperses LU Qi
itchy throat with cough pattern.
 Pacifies Wind and Stops Coughing

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 The Wind pathogenic factor is not fully dispelled.  Itchy throat, Slight aversion to cold, heat effusion (Fa Re) as in fever
 The Wind pathogenic factor that is not fully dispelled disturbs the dispersing and descending tendency  Lingering cough with phlegm, unsatisfactory feeling of incomplete
of the LU Qi coughing out phlegm
 Pathogenic factor has not penetrated deeply  thin, white coating tongue
 moderate (could be still floating)

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Bai Bu 9 Bitter, sl warm LU  Stops coughing and transforms phlegm Coughing, phlegm
 Zi Wan 9 Acrid, bitter, warm LU
Chen  Jie Geng 9 Acrid, bitter, warm LU  Disperses LU Qi LU Qi dispersing and
 Bai Qian 9 Acrid, bitter, LU  Directs Qi downward and transforms phlegm downwards, phlegm
sl warm
Zuo  Jing Jie 9 Acrid, bitter, LU, LR  pacifies Wind and releases the exterior Wind, exterior releasing
neutral
 Chen Pi 6 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulates Qi and transforms phlegm Qi regulator, phlegm
 Gan Cao 6 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Harmonises other herbs Harmonises

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72. Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang (Ban Xia, Bai Zhu, Tian Ma decoction ) – Dispel Wind and transform Phlegm

반하백출천마탕(半夏白朮天麻湯) -두통(頭痛), 현훈(眩暈)

TCM Pattern / Actions Bing Ji Summary
 Wind Phlegm rising upward  This is upward disturbance of Wind-Phlegm. Phlegm occurs when Dampness accumulates due to SP deficiency.
 The patient who overwork or overindulge in rich foods are more likely to develop dizziness due to upward
 Transforms Phlegm and extinguishes Wind
disturbance of Wind-Phlegm. Both of these activities injure the SP and ST and impair their functions of
 Strengthens SP and dries Dampness transforming food. This leads to an accumulation of dampness, which often transforms into Phlegm. Because
the clear Yang in such patients is weak, it is relatively easy for the Phlegm to obstruct its rise.

Bing Ji Analysis Signs & symptom

 Phlegm follows the resulting upward-rebellion of Qi to the head where it veils the clear Yang and  Dizziness and vertigo , Headache (heaviness and clouded)
disturbs the sensory orifices
 Phlegm obstructing the Qi mechanism in the chest and epigastrum  Stifling sensation in the chest, nausea, vomiting, copious sputum
 Presence of Phlegm  White and greasy tongue coating
 Wiry, slippery pulse

Role Herbs g Si Qi / Wu Wei Propensity to channel Functions Function Summary

Jun  Ban Xia 9 Acrid, toxic, warm LU, SP, ST  Dries Dampness and transforms Phlegm Damp, Phlegm, reversed flow
 Directs reversed flow of Qi downward and subdues nausea of Qi, nausea
 Tian Ma 6 Sweet, neutral LR  Pacifies LR and extinguiishes Wind LR Wind (dizziness, vertigo, HA)
Chen  Bai Zhu 15 Sweet, bitter, warm SP, ST  Strengthens SP and expels Dampness SP, Damp
 Fu Ling 6 Sweet, bland, HT, SP, KD
neutral
Zuo  Ju Hong 6 Acrid, bitter, warm LU, SP  Regulates Qi and transforms Phlegm Qi regulator, Phlegm
Shi  Gan Cao 3 Sweet, neutral HT, LU, SP, ST  Regulates other ingredients Regulates
 Sheng Jiao 1 slc Acrid, warm LU, SP, ST  Harmonises SP and ST SP, ST
 Da Zao 2 Sweet, warm SP, ST
pcs

Special Feature
 Bai Zhu + Fu Ling => simultaneously treat the manifestation (phlegm) and root (SP deficiency)
 Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian Ma Tang is a variation of Er Chen Tang
 Ban Xia – effectively treat Headache due to phlegm rebelling in the Leg Taiyin (channel and organ)
 Tian Ma – effectively treats spots before the eyes and vertigo due to internal movement of Wind from deficiency

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