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Wing Load Distribution Analysis

The document discusses load distributions on an aircraft wing. It provides equations to calculate the chord distribution, wing area, lift coefficient, shear force, bending moment, and twisting moment. The chord distribution equations are given for the straight trailing edge flap region and tapering section. The wing area is calculated by integrating the chord distribution. The lift coefficient is calculated based on the wing area and other parameters. Shear force is obtained by integrating the lift distribution. Bending moment is calculated by integrating the shear distribution. Twisting moment considers contributions from the Shrenck lift distribution and pitching moment.

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Vasu Bansal
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147 views5 pages

Wing Load Distribution Analysis

The document discusses load distributions on an aircraft wing. It provides equations to calculate the chord distribution, wing area, lift coefficient, shear force, bending moment, and twisting moment. The chord distribution equations are given for the straight trailing edge flap region and tapering section. The wing area is calculated by integrating the chord distribution. The lift coefficient is calculated based on the wing area and other parameters. Shear force is obtained by integrating the lift distribution. Bending moment is calculated by integrating the shear distribution. Twisting moment considers contributions from the Shrenck lift distribution and pitching moment.

Uploaded by

Vasu Bansal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Load distributions

The wing planform is required to see the chord distribution as shown in above
image. The chord distribution in the straight trailing edge for the flap region is
given by:
𝑐 = 1.7 − 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛(8.90)
Similarly, in the tapering section beyond the flap, the chord is given by:
𝑐 = 1.7 − 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 (8.90) − (𝑥 − 3.08)tan⁡(13.50 ))
Integrating this we get the area of the half wing as:
5.2
𝑆 = 2 ∫ 𝑐(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 12.2𝑚2
0
For a load factor of 1 (since it would be easy to scale for different load factors) we
obtain the required 𝐶𝑙 as:
1 2
𝜌𝑉 𝑆𝐶 = 𝑚𝑔 → 𝐶𝑙 = 0.45
2 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑙
The parameters used were:
𝜌 = 1.225𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 density of air at sea level
𝑆 = 2 × 12.2𝑚2, wing area
𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑠𝑒 = 65𝑚/𝑠
𝑚 = 1427𝑘𝑔⁡𝑀𝑇𝑂𝑊
𝑔 = 9.81𝑚/𝑠 2

Taper distribution
The lift at each section is assumed to be that for the 2D cross-section of the wing:
𝑑𝐿 1 2
= 𝜌𝑉 𝐶 ⁡𝑐(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑙
Trapezoidal distribution
𝐿 = ∫ 1/2𝜌𝑣 ∗ 𝑣𝑐(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Elliptic distribution
The lift per unit span is given as
𝑑𝐿
= 𝜌𝑉𝐾
𝑑𝑥
The circulation varies along the span
𝑥 2
√
𝐾 = 𝐾0 1 − ( )
𝑏

The circulation constant is given by:


𝐶𝑙 𝑉𝑆
𝐾0 = = 23.024𝑚2/𝑠 2
𝜋𝑏
Shrenck Approximation
𝑑𝐿 𝑑𝐿
𝑑𝐿 ( ) +( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑥 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐
( ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑠ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑘 2

Shear
The shear force is obtained by integrating the lift distribution
𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝐿
= −𝑄 = ⁡ −
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
The boundary condition is that of a cantilevered beam which implies that shear
force is zero at the tip. By integrating as a summation over 100 strips of the wing
we obtain the shear force distribution as shown above.
Bending Moment
The bending moment is obtained by integrating the shear distribution
𝑑𝑀
= ⁡ −𝑉
𝑑𝑥
The boundary condition is that of a cantilevered beam which implies that bending
moment is zero at the tip. By integrating as a summation over 100 strips of the
wing we obtain the bending moment distribution as shown above.
Twisting moment
The twisting moment distribution at any location is given by
𝑑𝑀𝑡 𝑑𝐿 1 2
=( ) 𝑒(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝜌𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑀0 𝑐 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑠ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑘 2
We assumed the pitching up moment to be positive as seen in picture. The
boundary condition says that the twisting moment should be zero at the tip. Thus,
the plot of twisting moment at the aerodynamic center is

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