COURSE IN CP INSPECTION
METHODS
• FOR CORROCEAN
• Part II CorrOcean
customers
have a
• CP Inspection technological
edge
1
Why CP inspection?
• Check the CP system’s ability to avoid corrosion
problems
• Detect any corrosion problems to adjust/retrofit
before any major failure
• In general secure integrity of the
structure/pipeline CorrOcean
customers
have a
• Collect data to reduce future inspection technological
edge
requirements
• Regulations/Authorities
2
Standards and regulations
Regulations concerning load bearing structures in
the petroleum activities
Guidelines on corrosion protection of load bearing
structures in the petroleum activity – 1992
Guidelines on condition monitoring of load bearing
structures to regulations concerning load bearing
structures in the petroleum activities - 1992
Regulations relating to pipeline systems in the CorrOcean
petroleum activities customers
have a
technological
Guidelines on corrosion protection of pipeline system edge
etc. - 1998
DnV RP B401 1993
DnV RP B403 1987 (Calibration procedures etc.)
3
Phases in an offshore structures
life
mV wrt Ag/AgCl
-1040
-900
-850
CorrOcean
-650 customers
have a
technological
edge
A B C D
4
Phases cont.
Period A - Polarisation of new structure/pipeline. (Months)
Normally very short but dependant on design criteria and anode output
characteristics.
Period B - Protected Design Life. (e.g. 15 years )
Stabilised CP conditions but dependant on CP design, anode efficiency,
coating breakdown and environmental conditions.
e.g.. Design for approx 5 to 10 % coating failure.
CP level desired; -950 mV to -1050 mV.
Period C - Depolarisation Period.
CorrOcean
Period when anodes are reaching end of design life with reduced efficiency. customers
The slope will depend on anode and coating conditions affecting protection have a
level. Accuracy of CP measurements most critical. technological
edge
Period D - Under Protection.
This is a critical period when protective levels drop below -800 mV
(or -900 mV for buried pipe). Danger of failure from corrosion at localised
postions.
5
Sacrifical Cathodic Impressed Cathodic
Protection Protection
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
6
What do we measure?
• Potential (CP) (vs. Ag/AgCl or Zn ref. Cells)
• Electrical Field Gradient (EFG or FG in
uV/cm)
• Anode current (mA or Amp) CorrOcean
customers
have a
• Visual inspection of anodes technological
edge
(geometry/consumption/loss of)
• Visual inspection of coating damages
7
Principle of measurements
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
8
CP measurements level
On steel material – typical potential level
With Zinc anodes –800 mV to –1050 mV
With Aluminium anodes –800 mV to –1100 mV
Protection level for steel –800 mV.
Very well protected –900 mV to -1050 mV CorrOcean
customers
Freely corroding steel –650 mV have a
technological
edge
On anodes
Zinc anodes –980 mV to –1050 mV
Aluminium anodes –1000 mV to –1100 mV
9
Survey Techniques
A Number of Survey Techniques Developed
• Cell to Cell Survey (CP Stab Measurement)
• CTC-2 Survey (CP/FG Measurement)
(Current) CorrOcean
customers
have a
• Trailing Wire Survey (CP Measurement) technological
edge
• Clamp on meter (Anode current)
10
Potential Fields
Showing Local Variations In Proximity To Anode
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
11
Schematic potential profile
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
12
Principle of Potential Principle of Electric
(CP) Measurement Field Gradient
Measurement
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
13
Stabber and Cell To Cell Technique
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
14
Trailing wire utilising towed fish
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
15
Cell To Cell Technique
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
16
Cell to cell principle
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
17
Trailing Wire Survey
Utilising Drop Cell CTC Stepwise Technique
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
18
CP/Field gradient measurements
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
19
CTC-2 Field Gradient
CP General Arrangement
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
20
CTC-2 Typical results exposed
pipe
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
21
FG horizontal offset error
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
22
CP Inspection System Schematic
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
23
Calibration requirements
Calibration of the reference cells used in
the CP equipments, e.g. Ag/AgCl or Zn ref.
cells
Check of control reference cells, 3 calomel
cells required in a calibration set. CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
24
Calibration of calomel reference
cells
One set consists of 3 ”equal” calomel reference cells
(SCE), i.e SCE 1, SCE 2 and SCE 3
Compare ref. cells by use of Multimeter; accept level
from –2 mV to +2 mV.
Selection criteria:
All accepted; select any.
CorrOcean
One reading out of range; the ref cell not in the reading to be used customers
Only one reading OK; selected either of those. have a
technological
All readings outside accept criteria; select the best. After survey edge
deliver reference cell to laboratory for test.
25
Calibration of silver/silver
chloride half cell/Stab Reader
Ref. DnV RP B403.
Check against either a Zinc-block or
calomel ref cells
Ref. cells/ Stab Reader immersed for 15 to
30 min. before check. NOTE! Not water CorrOcean
customers
from firewater system!! have a
technological
edge
Accept criteria
Against Zn-block: - 1010 mV to –1050 mV.
Against Calomel half cell: +1 mV to –9 mV
26
Calibration setup
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
27
Check of CTC-2 probe (two ref.
cells)
The matched pair used on CTC-2 system must
be calibrated before mounting on ROV
New calibration within each 24 hours or pre and
post dive.
FG reading is sensitive to drift/changes in the
potential differences between the matched pair CorrOcean
customers
(offset) under operation. have a
technological
”Zero field control”, by measuring ”off structure
edge
potential”, then on structure or anode.
28
Reporting
Basic Report
For pipelines – raw data plot of potentials and
Field Gradient (FG) (if included in survey).
Anode potentials, debris, coating damages etc.
For structures – tabulating potentials and FG
readings CorrOcean
customers
have a
Post processing technological
edge
Different plot dependent on requirements
29
Data analysis
Detailed analysis – based on analytical methods
and/or simulations (element methods)
May included the following:
Anode current Output (Ia), remaining life (RL), wastage (W)
Effect of different degree of burial
Effect of changed coating damage percentage; also local effects
Overall operating performance of CP system
Current drain CorrOcean
customers
Stray current have a
technological
Depolarisation edge
Life extension
Retrofit Design analysis
Trend analysis
Optimisation of future inspection program
30
Platform Data Trending
Platform Potential Surveys For 1979,85,90 & 95
Elevation/Metres
-900
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
-925
wrt Ag/AgCl Ref Electrode
-950
Potential/mV
CorrOcean
-975 customers
have a
technological
edge
-1000
-1025
-1050
1979 1985 1990 1995 31
CP System Studies
Evaluation of Existing Systems
Basic Approach
• Data Input
• Methodology Employed
• CP Study Output CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
32
Data Input
• Detailed Structural Drawings of Submerged Steelwork
• Component Hierarchy Listings
• Historical Potential Measurements Recorded
• Historical Anode Survey Data
• Surface Area of Submerged Steel
• Installation Dates CorrOcean
customers
• Anode Specifications have a
technological
edge
• Anode Retrofit Details
• Metallic Debris Levels
• Reports on Remedial Actions
33
Methodology Employed
• Review All Available Historical Data and Original Design
• Data Input to Database and Manipulation to Req. Format
• Analysis of Data to Provide CP Systems Overview and
Status
• Determine Intermediate Survey Requirements
• Tailored Survey
CorrOcean
• Calculations to Provide Predictions of Remaining Life customers
have a
technological
• Determine Remedial Actions to Maintain Structure edge
Integrity to Anticipated End of Life
• Computer Modelling for Retrofit Optimisation (if req.)
• Determine Long Term Survey Programme
34
CP Study Output
• Enhanced Confidence in Performance of CP System
• Action Plan to Maintain CP System Integrity to End of
System Life
• Tailored Cost-Effective Long Term Survey Programme
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
35
CorrOcean’s Methodology
Survey Data
Historical
Design Cois Data
Data
SEA CORR
Computer
Modelling CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
Life Time Prediction edge
Optimised Design
Optimised inspection Frequency Retrofit
36
Some CP simulation examples.
Simulation performed by CorrOcean’s
SEACORR/CP system CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
37
-809.1
-852.7
-874.5
-896.2
-918.0 CorrOcean
customers
-939.8 have a
technological
-961.6 edge
-983.4
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CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
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CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
40
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
41
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge
42
