CHAPTER 2

RELATED REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND SYSTEM

Related Literature

(1) In the study of Antonio (2012) ”Health Information Privacy in the

Philippines” in view of the used of health information technology, electronic medical
records or computerized systems for storing patient information , the duty of hospitals or
any other health provider institutions to maintain and keep medical records confidential
entails greater responsibility. There was no legislation specific to data protection in
relation to medical privacy

The researcher talks about on maintaining and keeping of medical and personal
data records of the patients. However, when it comes with our study, it is relevant for us
because we taking the same exact duty to receive and store personal and medical data
of patients to ensure data protection in relation to medical privacy. On the other hand,
the study of Antonio is talking about medical records from hospital which is slightly
different to ours, for we only taking school clinics.

(2) According to Buenas and Caringal (2014) “Tuy Municipal Health Center
Information System” as electronic medical record has been used to describe
automated system based on document imaging or systems which have been developed
within a medical practice or community health center. The proposed system can helped
the medical practitioners to fasten their recording of patient data to save time and effort.
The proposed information system improved the reliability and security of some
confidential information of patients.
 The researcher discuss on why and how they come up with their system as they
stated that it can be used as electronic medical record for medical practice or in a
community health center. Therefore, their system is relevant to our current study for it is
talking about the concerns for the practitioners/ doctors & nurses as we can secure and
fasten the recordings of our patient’s data to save time and effort and also for us to
improve the reliability and security of out patient’s confidential information.

(3) According to Charanggowda (2012) “Dental College, Sullai, Dakshina

Kannada”, they defined the primary purpose of maintaining dental records is to deliver
quality patient care and follow up. Dental records can also be used for forensic purpose
and have an important role in teaching and research, as well as in legal matters. The
code of practice on Dental records documents the minimum requirements for recording
the maintaining dental records and describes some of the underlying principles to be
applied by the practitioners in their record keeping and to secure the data or record of
the patient through in this system.

The researcher stated above that maintaining dental records is to deliver patient
care and follow up for it can be also used in for forensic purpose as well as in legal
matters. This means that keeping patient’s records can not only ensure the privacy of
the patients but it can be more beneficial to other aspects. This is relevant to our current
study as we can also adopt the idea of Charanggowda in how we can able to manage
the medical and personal records of our patients in many ways without leaking their
informations.

(4) In the book “Database Administration in MySQL” by Caluya et al. (2012) it

helps you properly connect your system to the database, create and execute back up
strategies, secure stored procedures to update and access data and more. Learn to
increase database performance while making sure it scales. Emphasize database
replication, table partitioning, and consideration in hardware and administration tools a
reference of commonly used MySQL utility programs. It is the collection of tables,
queries, reports, view and other objects.

The researcher clearly states the capabilities of Database Administration in

MySQL as it was mention the functions of what database can do and it’s role on the
system. This is very relevant to our current study for the reason that we also using some
databases to determine what capabilities we can provide to ensure the security of every
patient’s medical records and even it’s personal information.

(5) As stated in Delmar “Comprehensive Assisting Administrative and Clinic

Comprehensive” (2015), the medical record system, must be one that fits the facility
and satisfies the needs of the providers. Usually, medical record system adapted for a
facility using a certain common component. Whatever system is used, the management
of medical records must provide easy retrieval of information. Wording must be easily
understood and grammatically correct.

It states that medical record system must be the one to fit with facility and satisfy
the needs of providers as it also provide easy retrieval of medical records/information.
This is very relevant to our current study because we ensure that our system can fit to
the facility that we are deploying the system in. We also ensure that the system can
provide an easy way of retrieving information because we design the system to provide
less difficult to operate for the providers/users and ensures that they can easily cope up
and adopt to the flow of the system.

(6) As stated by Lucero (2012) entitled “The Information System for Dental
Services”, indicates that Dentistry needs sophisticated equipment due to the critical
condition of the teeth. Replacing the manual method in dentistry to automated system is
similar to the human activities but it is faster. The computerized system covers all the
processes in the dental clinic and can also stores data.

The researcher clearly indicates that Dentistry needs sophisticated equipment

due to the critical condition of the teeth by developing a computerized system that
covers the processes of the clinic and even to store data. However, this study gives a
big relevance to our current study because we aim the same idea but we are only
covering up a whole school clinic facility.

Related Systems

Foreign

(1) Based on Ahmed (2015) entitled “Automated Clinic Record

Management System”, the poor record keeping and filling system of our clinics is the
bane of the healthcare sector failure. There had been incident of misplaced documents,
not able to retrieve long consult patients’ records, loss of records or files, alteration of
information etc. result in unnecessary delay of treatment which even sometimes leads
to the death of the patient. The manual handling of the patient files has led to undue
delays in attending to the patients at the clinic, and this has been a cause of concern to
all citizens. The researchers developed ACRMS that can enhance the services and also
the work flow of all activity that happens in a clinic where it helps in reducing the work
load of medical staff, the number of manpower needed and it also make clinic
management become more manageable and easier to control. The researchers
concluded that the developed system is efficient for patient’s data management. It
allows the authorized users to perform specific duties such as; inserting or adding
patients’ records, deleting a record, editing and searching through the database. With
the developed system being used problems such as records misplacement, data
redundancy and inconsistencies, difficulty in updating the existing data, illegal access to
data and time delay in processing data are easily handled by the system.

The researcher discusses the disadvantage of the manual handling of patient

files in which it has led to undue delays of the patient to attend in the clinic and also
mention that there are several instances that led to loss of record and files. However,
this study is relevant to our current system for we are also dealing the same problem of
the manual handling of record and getting rid of it by developing a system that will be
very beneficial to provider and users.

(2) According to Ward (2012) entitled “Electronic Data Management Record

System” many manifestations about the constant evolution of technology provide the
different corporations and organizations continuing their study to improve the use of
technology in the present modernization and high technology was providing, it may
lighten the works that are very tiring to do. The Municipal Health Center was engage
before the manual system of recording some important document of patients, which
takes time to do and there’s also the scenario of losing documents because of
disorganize set of document. The programmers perform this study to transform the
manual ways of recording. As the result, they came up to developed the manual ways
into a computerized system that can help the client lessen data loss and easy recording
of important documents, inside the municipal health center.

The researcher states how our today’s technology evolution takes effect from our
old way of doing things. This study is relevant to our current whereas we also aiming to
make things from the old ways to become easier. So, we came up developing a system
that will serve as our instrument on getting rid of the negative effect the manual handling
of information and record our users.
 (3) Based on Smith (2012) entitled “Automated Record Keeping System”.
The existing system is just using a logbook for them to record those information. This
record keeping system uses to lessen the capability of producing legible documents of
all original and refilled prescription information. During the course of an onsite
inspection the records must be accessible for viewing or printing. So that the researcher
solve the problem by creating a system that can be more manageable and easier to
use. The researcher conclude that the develop system is for patient’s data
management. With the developed system being used problem such as misplacement of
records, illegal access to data and time delay in processing data are easily handled by
the system.

The researcher stating the traditional way of keeping records and also mention
its disadvantages on the capability of producing legible documents of all original and
refilled prescription information. However, the study is relevant to our current study for
this aims to maintaining the patient’s data management in order to avoid misplacement
of records and even data loss which is the most primary problem when it comes on
managing data.

Local

(1) According to Volpane, Cabarrubiasa and Macabasag (2016) studied that the
“Laguna University Healthcare Information System” is a stand-alone system that
was developed for the Laguna University School Clinic. This system help in order for
them to enhance the management of medical and dental records of the students,
backing-up of retrieving medical records, monitoring inventory of medicine and
statistical records. So that the developed system is proposed to improve the process of
managing medical and dental records in Laguna University Healthcare.
 The researchers states their intention by creating a system that will help and
improve the management of medical and dental records of student which this study is
very relevant to our current study were we are also rooting for this kind of strategy by
providing/developing a system for managing the school clinic medical and information of
our patients as we ensure its security for us to avoid data loss.

(2) Based on Nuñez, Genil, Lopez and Gimen in the study of “Laguna Health
Office Inventory and Record Management System” (2017), is a system that design
and developed for the Laguna Provincial Health Office in order to improve the
management of medicines , record, information, and production of inventory reports.
Descriptive method of research was employed in this study. Survey interview is used for
collecting data. And base on the results of the interviews and surveys, the researchers
found how the employees of the Laguna Provincial Health Office improve the process in
managing medicine records in the office. After the developed system was finish.

The system is intended to improve the inventory of medicines, records,

information and production of inventory reports. However this system is somewhat
relevant to our current study for the reason that our system is only intended to improve
the management of patient’s medical record and personal information, doctor/staff’s
records and even monitors the flow of the facility only.

(3) The research entitled “Feliciano Dental Clinic Management System with
SMS Notification”, conducted by Armisto, Balanlayos and Buenavista (2017), the main
objectives is to provides information about the patient profile including patient personal
detail, patient treatment, patient appointment, patient billing, and inventory
management. And it will resolve all the current problems at clinic to promote paperless
office that would enable faster and more efficient storage, retrieval and updating clinic
record. The study prove that it gives advantages to all both users. The develop system
provides convenience to them that gives them easier task.
 The system is developed intended only for providing information about the
patient profile including patient personal detail, patient treatment, patient appointment,
patient billing, and inventory management. However, the system is relevant to our
current study for we both share the same idea and perspective in bringing the old ay of
managing clinic records into paperless office.