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+ Vo -

SOLUTION:

We apply KVL around the loop. The result is,

-12 + 4I + 2vo – 4 + 6I = 0 (i)

Applying Ohm’s law to the 6- Ω resistor gives

V0 = -6I

Substituting in (i), we get,

-16 + 10I – 12I = 0 => I = -8 A and Vo = 48 V

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I1

SOLUTION:

Determining either current i1or i2will enable us to obtain a value for V. Thus, our next step is to
apply KCL to either of the two nodes in the circuit. Equating the algebraic sum of the currents
leaving the upper node to zero:

−120+I1+30+ I 2=0

Writing both currents in terms of the voltage V using Ohm’s law,

I 1=30v and I 2=15v

We obtain,

−120+30V+30+15V=0

Solving this equation for v results in,

V =2V

And invoking Ohm’s law then gives,

I 1=60 A and I 2=30 A

The absorbed power in each element can now be computed. In the two resistors,

pR1=30(2)2=120 W and pR2=15(2)2=60 W

And for the two sources,

p120A=120(−2)=−240 W and p30A=30(2)=60 W

Since the 120 A source absorbs negative 240 W, it is actually supplying power to the other
elements in the circuit. In a similar fashion, we find that the 30 A source is actually absorbing
power rather than supplying it.

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SOLUTION:

Despite not being drawn adjacent to one another, the two indepen-dent current sources are in
act in parallel, so we replace them witha 2 A source.

The two 6Ω resistors are in parallel and can be replaced with asingle 3Ω resistor in series with
the 15Ωresistor. Thus, the two 6Ω resistors and the 15Ωresistor are replaced by an 18 Ω resistor.

No matter how tempting, we should not combine the remaining threeresistors; the controlling
variable i3 depends on the 3 Ω resistor and sothat resistor must remain untouched. The only
further simplification, then, is 9 Ω|| 18 Ω = 6 Ω, as shown in the figure below,

Applying KCL at the top node of above figure, we have

−0.9i3– 2+i3+v/6 = 0

Employing Ohm’s law,

v=3i3

Which, allows us to compute, i3 = 3.333 A

Thus, the voltage across the dependent source (which is same as the voltage across the 3 Ω
resistor) is,

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V=3i3=10 V

The dependent source therefore furnishes v×0.9i3=10(0.9)(10/3)=30 W to the remainder of the

circuit.

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SOLUTION:

The current sources are transformed to voltage sources as shown in the figure below,

In loop abcd,

-50 + 15 i1 + (i1 – i2 ) + 5 = 0 => 16i1– i2 = 45 (i)

In loop befc,

-5 + (i2 - i1 ) + 5i2 + (i2 – i3 ) 10 = 0

=> 16i2 - i1– 10 i3 = 5 (iii)

From (iii) , i3 = i 2 – 1 (iv)

Using (iv) in (ii),

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16i2 - i1 – 10 (i2 – 1 ) = 5

=> i1– 6 i2 = 5 (v)

Solving (i) and (v),

i2 = -0.37 A and i1= 2.79 A

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SOLUTION:

a. By KVL, -2 + vx+ 8 = 0
So that vx= -6 V.
b. By KCL at the top left node
i = 1 + I + vx/4 – 6
in S
i = 23 A
in

c. By KCL at the top right node,

I + 4 v = 4 - v /4
S x x
I = 29.5 A.
S

d. The power provided by the dependent source is 8(4v ) = -192 W

x

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(See Next Page)

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