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Von Neumann and Harvard

This document compares the Von Neumann and Harvard computer architectures. The Von Neumann architecture stores both programs and data in the same memory, allowing the CPU to access both with one bus. In contrast, the Harvard architecture uses separate memories and buses for program instructions and data, allowing simultaneous access. While the Von Neumann architecture has advantages of simplicity and flexibility, the Harvard architecture has better performance due to parallel access and less risk of data corruption. Both architectures have applications in modern computers.

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414 views11 pages

Von Neumann and Harvard

This document compares the Von Neumann and Harvard computer architectures. The Von Neumann architecture stores both programs and data in the same memory, allowing the CPU to access both with one bus. In contrast, the Harvard architecture uses separate memories and buses for program instructions and data, allowing simultaneous access. While the Von Neumann architecture has advantages of simplicity and flexibility, the Harvard architecture has better performance due to parallel access and less risk of data corruption. Both architectures have applications in modern computers.

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WINORLOSE
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND

ARCHITECTURE
Dr.M.Sindhuja
Assistant Professor(Senior Grade)
School of Electronics
VIT, Chennai
MODULE 1

VON NEUMANN VS HARVARD


ARCHITECTURE
VON- NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE
Architecture named after mathematician and early computer scientist
John von Neumann

The Von Neumann Architecture is characterized by: -


- Memory,
- Arithmetical-logical unit (ALU),
- Control unit,
- Input and output devices.

 All parts of a computer are connected together by Bus.

 Memory holds both programs and data; this is also known as the stored program
concept
DESIGN OF VON-NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE
Memory is addressed linearly via numeric address for each and every memory
location. without regard to the data

Memory is split to small cells with the same size.

Program consists of a sequence of instructions.

Instructions are executed in order they are stored in memory.

Sequence of instructions can be changed only by unconditional or conditional


jump instructions.

Instructions, characters, data and numbers are represented in binary form.


ADVANTAGES
control unit gets instruction and data in the same way from one memory unit. It
simplifies the development and design of the control unit

 data from memory and from devices are accessed the same way which increasing
efficiency

Memory organization is in hand of programmers

DISADVANTAGES
Parallel execution of program are not allowed due to Serial instruction processing

 One bus is a bottleneck. Only one information can be accessed at the same time.

Instruction and data stored in the same memory results in rewriting over it leads
to data loss due to error in program
HARVARD ARCHITECTURE
•named from Harvard Mark I rely-based computer

•It wasn't so modern as the computer from von Neumann team. But it introduced
a slightly different architecture.

• Separate memory for data and instructions

•This concept is called HARVARD ARCHITECTURE


DESIGN OF HARVARD ARCHITECTURE
ADVANTAGES
• Increase the performance by access program and data memory simultaneously

• Both memory can use different cell size

•Due to use of different buses for instruction and data, less chance of data
corruption

DISADVANTAGES
•Two buses for control unit is complicated and expensive

•Impossible to modify program by itself


APPLICATIONS

 Von Neumann Architecture used in


- Personal computers
- Laptops and
-Workstations

Harvard Architecture used in


-Microprocessors and
-Signal processing

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