Chemical Process
1
Industries
LECTURE 1
2
Name Of Chemical Process Industries
Course/Module
Course Code Ch.E-103
Name of Engr. Tayyab Ali
Academic Staff
Rationale for the To familiarize students with conversion of raw materials into
inclusion of course finished products on industrial scale using conventional
in the program and green technology.
Semester 2nd
Credit Value (3,1)
Knowledge Area Engineering Foundation
3 Objectives 1. To introduce students with the understanding of
technical and economic problems used in chemical
process industries
2. To help them understanding the value of chemicals,
the type of problems met in their production, and the
methods for solving these problems in the chemical
industry.
Learning At the end of this course, students should be able to:
Outcomes
1. Consider the chemical processing of raw materials into
useful and profitable products.
2. Extensive use of flowcharts approach allows the
students to visualize a series of rational connected steps
for a process, greatly reducing the memorization so
frequently required by the academic chemical
reaction approach.
4 Marks Distribution
Description Percentage Observations
Attendance 5% Strict Compliance, also includes
class performance
Assignments 5% Knowledge about the chemical
industry
1st Quiz 10% Before Mid Term
2nd Quiz 10% After Mid Term
Mid Paper 30% -
Final Paper 40% Mid term course will also be
included
5 Course Outline
Introduction to the process flow sheeting, flow diagrams, standard symbols
Detailed study of following group of industries:
Water treatment
Silicate industries (Cement, Glass and Ceramics)
Agro based industries (Pulp & Paper, Soap & Detergent, Oil & Ghee, Sugar)
Acid industries (Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid and Phosphoric acid)
Alkali industries (Soda ash, Caustic soda and ammonia)
Fertilizer industries (NPK based fertilizer)
Classified chemicals (Insecticides, Explosives and Surface coating industries)
Petrochemicals
6 Objective
The objectives may be summarized by stating that it has been the
endeavor to present the various chemical processes in a
generalized form through the correlation into flow sheets and
descriptive text of the following:
a. Unit processes: chemical change.
b. Unit operations: physical change.
c. Physical chemistry: equilibriums and reaction rates.
d. Economics: costs, statistics, and consumption.
e. Energy and power: chemical as well as electrical and
mechanical.
7 Recommended Books
Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries George T. Austin
A text Book of Chemical Technology G. N. Pandey
Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry J. A. Kent
Chemical Process Technology J. Moulijin
M. Makkee
A. Van Diepen
• Main text book for this subject is Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries
8
Introduction
9 Chemical Engineering
Chemical engineering is that branch of engineering concerned
with the development and application of manufacturing processes
in which chemical or certain physical changes of materials are
involved. These processes may usually be resolved into a
coordinated series of unit physical operations and unit chemical
processes. The work of the chemical engineer is concerned
primarily with the design, construction, and operation of equipment
and plants in which these unit operations and processes are
applied. Chemistry, physics, and mathematics are the underlying
sciences of chemical engineering, and economics its guide in
practice.
Chemical Engineering = Unit Processes + Unit Operations
( Chemical Changes ) ( Physical Changes )
10 Unit Processes
The unit process is a very useful concept for technical
chemical change.
In unit process, processing of reactant in the feed takes
place i.e. reactants in feed get converted into products
(by chemical reaction)with the help of either energy
supplied to the system or generated by the system
This naturally includes the machinery needed and the
economics involved, as well as the physical and
chemical phases."
11 Unit Operations
The unit operation is a physical change connected with the
industrial handling of chemicals or allied materials; it
frequently is tied in with the unit process as when heat flows
into an endothermic chemical reaction or out of an
exothermic reaction.
The unit operation may also be distinctly separated from the
chemical change as when, by "flow of fluid," a liquid is moved
from one part of an industrial establishment to another.
In unit operations the mass and concentration change takes
place (between entrance and exit points)by providing
energy from an external source and no chemical change
takes place. (for example distillation, evaporation, mixing,
etc.)
12 Principal Unit Processes & Operations
Unit Processes Unit Operations
1. Combustion 1. Fluid Dynamics
2. Oxidation 2. Heat Transfer Vs. Cooling
3. Neutralization 3. Evaporation
4. Silicate Formation 4. Humidification
5. Causticization 5. Gas Absorption
6. Electrolysis 6. Solvent Extraction
7. Double Decomposition 7. Adsorption
8. Calcination, Dehydration 8. Distillation & Sublimation
9. Nitration 9. Drying, High-vacuum distillation
10. Esterification 10. Mixing
11. Reduction 11. Sedimentation Vs. Fluidization
12. Halogenation 12. Filtration
13. Sulfonation 13. Screening
14. Hydrolysis 14. Crystallization Vs. Extraction
15. Hydrogenation 15. Centrifugation
16. Alkylation 16. Size reduction Vs. Size enlargement
17. Condensation 17. Materials Handling
18. Polymerization etc.
13 Assignment # 1
Draw table using MS Office Word representing;
“What type of unit process/unit operation is being used in
plant/industry to produce which type of product by using
any specified equipment?”
As Such;
Unit Process Industry or Product Equipment
1. Combustion Fuel and Power Boilers (Steel, firebrick)
14
THANKS!
