Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination
Integrated Mathematics Internal Assessment
Names of Candidates: Delmar Nixon, Anjanie Singh, Saffy Foster, Manasseh
Tutor
Center Number: 090045
Name of School: St. Joseph High School
Teacher: Sir Hubern Collins
Territory: Guyana
Topic: Correlation and Regression
Year: 2020
1
Contents
Title ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................................................4
Research Methodology....................................................................................................................................................................5
Organisation of Data.........................................................................................................................................................................6
Presentation and Findings .........................................................................................................................................................12
Analysis of Findings .......................................................................................................................................................................17
Conclusion ..........................................................................................................................................................................................19
Recommendation ............................................................................................................................................................................20
Appendix .............................................................................................................................................................................................21
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................................23
2
Title
The relationship between Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure of Adults
3
Introduction
This research topic was garnered by the group members brainstorming on what issues faced our
society the most, it was then concluded that the relation of blood pressure and mass was a
pressing topic which brings about diseases and death. Most members argued that blood pressure
does not have any serious effect on an individuals’ mass whereby it does not affect hypotension.
(George C. Linderman, BS, Jiapeng Lu, PhD,Yuan Lu, ScD, et al) Stated that there is a positive
link between body mass index as it relates to blood pressure. Weight loss decreases blood
pressure, while high blood pressure is sometimes associated with body mass index. An inference
of this association suggests that high blood pressure which gives a risk cardio vascular disease
will rise even higher as body mass index increase.
The objective of this research is to understand what effect blood pressure on body mass index
and to determine the correlation between the variable in terms of body mass index against blood
pressure.
This research is quantitative in nature and is a correlational study. The population of the study is
the patients at a hospital and the sample was chosen by the random sampling technique. The data
accumulated was arranged, presented and analyzed allowing for conclusive information to be
reviewed by the researchers.
4
Research Methodology
The research conducted will determine the relationship between blood pressure and mass. As
such an interview will be conducted in a hospital among patients.
The population of the hospital consist of over one hundred patients ranging from 50- 65 persons.
Apart from that the researcher cannot measure all hundred but will take a sample of 30 persons
within that age range. As such the researcher had chosen patients by the means of stratified
random sampling and each individual will be denoted by a given number.
Hence from choosing the individuals or sample, the researchers then measure the mass and their
blood pressure by using the body mass index and a blood pressure machine respectively. More
so, a table was used to record all data. Apart from that M is denoted as male and F is denoting as
female.
Data Collection Sheet
No Sex Blood Pressure Weight
5
Organisation of Data
Table showing the gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index of the
30 patients
Systolic Diastolic Body
Blood Blood Mass
No Gender
pressure Pressure Index
(mmHg) (mmHg) (kgm-2)
1 M 128 92 22
2 M 120 70 19
3 F 98 60 18
4 M 143 90 30
5 M 140 101 41
6 F 130 85 37
7 F 123 72 24
8 F 145 95 37
9 M 160 99 44
10 F 128 80 34
11 M 170 110 31
12 F 160 90 37
13 F 150 90 29
14 F 110 70 31
15 M 160 95 40
6
16 M 110 75 38
17 M 128 83 30
18 M 130 90 26
19 M 140 100 42
20 F 140 85 33
21 M 132 80 23
22 M 135 90 40
23 M 150 95 35
24 F 122 102 33
25 M 130 101 18
26 M 90 70 23
27 F 98 75 44
28 F 80 70 36
29 M 123 101 21
30 M 111 62 28
7
Table showing the gender, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure of the
30 patients
No Gender Body Blood
Mass Pressure
Index (mmHg)
(kgm-2)
1 M 22 92
2 M 19 70
3 F 18 60
4 M 30 90
5 M 41 101
6 F 37 85
7 F 24 72
8 F 36 95
9 M 44 99
10 F 34 80
11 M 31 110
12 F 37 90
13 F 29 90
14 F 31 70
15 M 40 95
16 M 38 75
17 M 30 83
18 M 26 90
19 M 42 100
20 F 33 85
21 M 23 80
22 M 40 90
23 M 35 95
24 F 33 102
25 M 18 101
26 M 23 70
27 F 44 75
28 F 36 70
29 M 21 101
30 M 28 62
8
Table showing the gender, body mass index and systolic blood pressure of the
30 patients
No Gender Body Blood
Mass Pressure
Index (mmHg)
(kgm-2)
1 M 22 128
2 M 19 120
3 F 18 98
4 M 30 143
5 M 41 140
6 F 37 130
7 F 24 123
8 F 36 145
9 M 44 160
10 F 34 128
11 M 31 170
12 F 37 160
13 F 29 150
14 F 31 110
15 M 40 160
16 M 38 110
17 M 30 128
18 M 26 130
19 M 42 140
20 F 33 140
21 M 23 132
22 M 40 135
23 M 35 150
24 F 33 122
25 M 18 130
26 M 23 90
27 F 44 98
28 F 36 80
29 M 21 123
30 M 28 111
9
Table showing the frequency of body mass index for the 30 patients
Body Mass Number
Index (mmHg) of
Patients
15 ≤ B ≤ 19 3
20 ≤ B ≤ 24 5
25 ≤ B ≤ 29 3
30 ≤ B ≤ 34 7
35 ≤ B ≤ 39 6
40 ≤ B ≤ 44 6
45 ≤ B ≤ 48 0
Total 30
Table showing frequency of systolic blood pressure for the 30 patients
Blood Pressure Number of
(mmHg) Patients
80 ≤ P ≤ 90 2
91 ≤ P ≤ 101 2
102 ≤P ≤ 112 3
113 ≤ P ≤ 123 4
124 ≤ P ≤ 134 7
135 ≤ P ≤ 145 6
146 ≤ P ≤ 156 2
157 ≤ P ≤ 167 3
168 ≤ P ≤ 178 1
Total 30
10
Table showing the frequency of diastolic blood pressure for the 30 patients
Blood Pressure Number of
(mmHg) Patients
59 ≤ P ≤ 69 2
70 ≤ P ≤ 80 9
81 ≤ P ≤ 91 8
92 ≤ P ≤ 102 10
103 ≤ P ≤ 113 1
Total 30
11
Presentation and Findings
Stem and leaf diagram showing the systolic blood pressure
Stem Leaf Total Key
8 0 1
8/0 represents 80
9 0,8,8 3
10 0
11 0,0,1 3
12 0,2,3,3,8,8,8 7
13 0,0,0,2,5 5
14 0,0,03,5 5
15 0,0 2
16 0,0,0 3
17 0 1
Total 30
12
Stem and leaf diagram showing the diastolic blood pressure
Key
Stem Leaf Total 6/0 represents 60
6 0,2 2
7 0,0,0,0,2,5,5 7
8 0,0,3,5,5 5
9 0,0,0,0,0,2,5,5,5,9 10
10 0,1,1,1,2 5
11 0 1
Total 30
13
Figure 1 is showing a boxplot a range of readings of diastolic blood pressure which is negatively
skewed .
14
Figure 2 is showing a boxplot a range of readings of systolic blood pressure which is positively
skewed .
Figure 3 is showing a scatter plot of diastolic blood pressure that have a weak positive
correlation
15
Figure 4 is showing a scatter plot of systolic blood pressure that have a weak positive correlation
also.
16
Analysis of Findings
From the graphs above it can be seen that for the diastolic blood pressure there was
high reading of 110 mmHg, with the lowest reading being 60mmHg. Nevertheless
the average or mean reading was 85.9 mmHg, with a standard deviation of 13.167
mmHg. Inclusive of the readings, it can be seen that both quartiles (lower and
upper) are 67.5 and 120 mmHg respectively.
Apart from that, the systolic blood pressures are as follows. The reading of the
highest is 170 mmHg, a low of 80 mmHg, apart from that is has a mean of 129.47
mmHg With a standard deviation of 21.494 mmHg as such the lower and upper
quartiles are 100 and 156.5 mmHg respectively
The scatter diagram for the diastolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index indicates
that there is a weak positive correlation between body mass index and diastolic
blood pressure respectively. This is validated since the correlation coefficient is r=
0.080. Whereby, the two variables tend to rise in response to one another the
relationship is not very strong, since the coefficient is closer to zero.
Lastly for the systolic blood pressure and Body Mass Index scatter plot, there was
also a weak positive correlation for both BMI and blood pressure. It is also
validated with the coefficient which reads r= 0.085. Whereby, the two variables
17
tend to rise in response to one another the relationship is not very strong, since the
coefficient is closer to zero.
It can be seen that as the body mass index increase, so did the blood pressure, for
98
example in the case where body index was 18 kg-2 the blood pressure was
60
indicating that it was low. On the contrary, in the case where the body mass index
160
40kgm-2 the blood pressure was indicating that it was high and at a major risk
95
of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease.
18
Conclusion
To conclude, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure had a weak positive
correlation with body mass index. The findings show that as body mass index
increase the blood pressure also increase. However the limitations such as diet and
genetics affected the results whereby at a body mass index of 44kgm-2 the blood
98
pressure was indicating that it was low.
75
19
Recommendation
1. People should exercise more frequently, where they can hire a trainer to guide them in
their daily exercise to be fit. In addition persons should abstain from smoking cigars and
abusing alcohol.
2. Persons consume a healthy balanced diet. This is where all the required quantity of all the
nutrients required to make the body function correctly is consumed.
3. Persons should visit their clinic frequently to check both their BMI and blood pressure to
ensure and to maintain it at a normal rate.
20
Appendix
Calculations for systolic blood pressure
Median = ½ (n+1)
= ½ (30+1)
= ½ (32)
= 15 ½
Therefore, the median is 130 mmHg
The lowest = 80 mmHg
The highest = 170 mmHg
Quartile
Lower quartile = ¼ (n+1)
= ¼ (30+1)
=7¾
Therefore, the lower quartile is 120 mmHg
Highest quartile = ¾ (n+1)
= ¾ (30+1)
= 23 ¼
Therefore, the highest quartile is 143 mmHg
Standard deviation calculation for systolic blood pressure
Σ(xi - x̄)2
s2 =
N-1
(128 - 129.46666666667)2 + ... + (111 - 129.46666666667)2
=
30 - 1
13397.466666667
=
29
= 461.9816091954
s = √461.9816091954
= 21.493757447115
21
Diastolic blood pressure
Median = ½ (n+1)
= ½ (30+1)
= ½ (32)
= 15 ½
Therefore, the median is 130 mmHg
The lowest = 60 mmHg
The highest = 110 mmHg
Quartile
Lower quartile = ¼ (n+1)
= ¼ (30+1)
=7¾
Therefore, the lower quartile is 75 mmHg
Highest quartile = ¾ (n+1)
= ¾ (30+1)
= 23 ¼
Therefore, the highest quartile is 95 mmHg
Standard Deviation calculation for diastolic blood pressure
Σ(xi - x̄)2
s2 =
N-1
(92 - 85.933333333333)2 + ... + (62 - 85.933333333333)2
=
30 - 1
5027.8666666667
=
29
= 173.37471264368
s = √173.37471264368
= 13.167183170431
22
Bibliography
George C. Linderman, B., Jiapeng Lu, P., Yuan Lu, S., & al, e. (2018, August 17th). Association
of Body Mass Index With Blood Pressure Among 1.7 Million Chinese Adults. Retrieved
from Jama Network:
[Link]
0mass%20index%20(BMI)%20is%20positively%20associated%20with%20both%20syst
olic,diastolic%20blood%20pressure%20(DBP).&text=Weight%20loss%20significantly%2
0reduces%20blood,BP%
Qian Ren, C. S. (2016, February 25th). US National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from
[Link]
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