Life Cycle Management of
Power Distribution Equipment
April 2016
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Agenda
Maximizing equipment life cycles and
• Overview 3
improving reliability with preventive and
predictive maintenance of power • Preventive Maintenance 6
distribution equipment • Infrared Surveys 8
• Circuit Breakers 9
• Equipment Modernization 11
• NFPA70E Compliance 12
• Power System Studies 13
• Predictive Maintenance 14
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Overview
Electrical switchgear is composed of
passive and active components.
Passive components:
• Horizontal and vertical bus structures.
Active components:
• Power Circuit Breakers
• Fusible Switches
• Protective Relays
• Motor Control
Their role is to protect the electrical
assets downstream, disconnect the
circuit, and protect personnel in
case of an arc flash event.
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Preventative Maintenance
• Once installed, all electrical
equipment begins deteriorating
due to normal wear and tear
• Maintenance ensures equipment
integrity and proper mechanical
and electrical functionality, as
well as optimizes the
equipment’s useful life.
• A regularly scheduled electrical
system preventive maintenance
program is intended to detect,
repair, or replace affected
electrical equipment
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4
Preventative Maintenance
Published failure rates do not account for the varying degrees of
maintenance between installations.
• Industry groups set Electrical PM Standards
• NFPA70B
• ANSI/NETA
• Manufacturers Recommendations
• Even the best maintained equipment ultimately degrades and reaches the end
of its useful life, albeit a longer life than if not maintained.
• Average useful life for well maintained equipment is 35 years vs 17 years left
unmaintained.
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Perform Preventive Maintenance
► Inspection
Switchgear should be cleaned, inspected, tightened,
► Cleaning and
lubricated, and exercised on a regular basis. lubricating
► Primary &
secondary
Maintenance frequency depends on the environment, the condition disconnects
of the equipment, and its criticality. ► Racking
mechanism
► Cell interlocks
• Environmental and equipment conditions should be considered ► Adjustments
when determining preventive maintenance schedule. ► Overcurrent
protective device
• An expert in switchgear maintenance should help prepare this testing
plan. ► Insulation testing
► Charge/close/
trip circuit testing
Thorough on-site maintenance of electrical switchgear ► Bus structure
testing &
includes a comprehensive scope of work. tightening
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Key EPM Elements
• Responsible and qualified technicians
• Regularly scheduled inspection, testing and
servicing of equipment
• Survey and analysis of equipment to determine PM
requirements and priorities
• Comprehensive and accurate test and inspections
reports
• Accurate analysis of reporting so that corrective
action can be recommended and implemented
• Comprehensive electrical safety plan
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Infrared Surveys
Infrared inspections can prevent
equipment outages.
• Excess heat in electrical equipment
• Indicates poor connection or excess
load
• Can dramatically reduce the useful
lifecycle
• Can also indicate impending equipment
failure (consider downtime costs)
• Poses a potential safety risk to
maintenance staff
• Does not require outage time
• Creates a baseline and trending data
• Useful prior to PM to identify areas of
concern
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Circuit Breaker Recondition and Refurbishment
In-shop reconditioning offers a more
complete maintenance option.
• The circuit breaker is initially tested
against industry standards.
• The circuit breaker is disassembled,
cleaned, and inspected.
• Damaged parts are refurbished or
replaced
• Mechanisms are lubricated before the
circuit breaker is reassembled
• The reconditioned circuit breaker
including retested
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Circuit Breaker Recondition and Refurbishment
cont’d
In-shop reconditioning offers a more
intensive maintenance option.
• Reconditioning should be performed when
the on-site maintenance work scope cannot
bring the circuit breaker within tolerances
defined in current industry standards.
• The use of new or refurbished parts or
subassemblies may be required to return a
circuit breaker to a reliable operating
condition.
►Applicable for LV and MV
Circuit Breakers.
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Equipment Modernization
• Choice between Account for initial capital • ETU upgrades
maintaining and cost, business disruption, • Protective relay
replacing aging/obsolete and workflow when upgrades,
equipment. considering equipment • Inclusion of EPMS
• Even with annual maintenance or • Replacing fusible
maintenance, equipment replacement. switches
may need additional • MCC bucket retrofits
upkeep or upgrades.
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NFPA 70E Compliance
Arc Flash Consultation Arc Flash Study
• Outcomes & KPIs • Power systems study
• Training paths to • Resource gap analysis
secure tenant safety • Arc Flash
& system efficiency recommendations
Measure results Arc Flash Mitigation
• Performance & • Program setup
execution • Arc Flash Mitigation
reporting Solutions & Service
• Quality • Modernizations
assurance
• Upgrades
meetings
• NFPA 70E compliant
• One-time services
Preventative Maintenance
• Arc Flash Protection Based
Maintenance Agreement
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Predictive Maintenance Techniques
• Power System Assessments
• Infrared Inspections
• Remote Monitoring
• Intelligent Protective Devices
• Partial Discharge Monitoring Systems
• EPMS Systems
Diagnose potential problems and
safety concerns while minimizing
equipment and facility downtime.
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Power System Studies
• Short Circuit
• Protective Device Coordination
• Arch Risk Assessment
• Harmonics Analysis
• Power Quality Assessment
• Voltage Inbalance
• Load Flow
• Transient Stability
• Grounding
PSS provide multiple benefits including: retention of protective device
settings, proper sizing of electrical equipment, protecting employees
and equipment and compliance with industry standards and codes.
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Conclusion
Electrical equipment and power
distribution systems have never
been designed to be or intended
to remain perpetually energized
without interaction by the owner.
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Questions / Contact
James Trautt
Construction Sales
Saint Louis
Mobile: 314-691-8501
E-mail:
[Link]@[Link]
[Link]/electricalservices
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Surge Protection ‐ Overview
• UL1449 E4 Revised in 2014
• Standardization ‐ influencing the surge protection
industry.
• Stronger, consistent, and more stringent testing and
certification
• RESULT – Safer & Better Products!
A voltage surge (transient) is a voltage level that is short in
duration and can be several times greater than the
system’s normal operating AC RMS or DC voltage level.
UL1449 Main Points of Interest / How To Select A Device?
Type 1, 2, 3, 4 and Category Ratings
In rating (Nominal Discharge Current)
Limited to 10 or 20KA
VPR – a Cat B 6kV/3kA “Residual”
Voltage Test
Surge Capacity (Imax) & (SSCR) Short-Circuit Current Ratings
UL1449 E4 addresses testing on Recognized Components
Type 1: Permanently connected, intended for Category C: outside overhead lines and service
installation between the secondary of the service entrance (outdoor)
transformer and the line side of the service • Service drops from pole to building
disconnect overcurrent device (service equipment). • Runs between meter and panel
Their main purpose is to protect insulation levels of
• Overhead lines to detached building
the electrical system against external surges caused
by lightning or utility capacitor bank switching. • Underground lines to well pump
Type 2: Permanently connected, intended Category B: feeders, short branch circuits and
for installation on the load side of the service service panels (indoor)
disconnect overcurrent device (service equipment), • Distribution panel devices
including branch panel locations. Their main • Bus and feeder distribution
purpose is to protect the sensitive electronics • Heavy appliance outlets with “short”
and microprocessor based loads against residual connections to service entrance
lightning energy, motor generated surges and other
• Lighting systems in large buildings
internally generated surge events.
Category A: outlets/receptacles and long branch
Type 3: Point-of-utilization SPDs installed at a
circuits (indoor) (least severe)
minimum conductor length of 10 meters (30 feet)
from the electrical service panel to the point-of-utilization. • All outlets at more than 10m (30 ft) from
Examples include cord connected, direct Category B
plug-in and receptacle type SPDs • All outlets at more than 20m (60 ft) from
Category C
SPD Type Designations & Location Categories
Applying SPD’s ‐ Multistage Protection!
• Power Protection at the Point of Entry, (1st Level of Defense.) There will be a Let
Through Voltage, amplified by inductance of the wires!
• Secondary Protection on the Branch Circuits that feed more sensitive equipment
should be utilized. This should be installed as close to the equipment as
possible.
• 80% of damaging transients occur inside your facility
