Practical Research 1 – Grade 11

Quarter 1 – Module 2: The Characteristics and Process of Research

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Marlyn D. Tolosa
Editor: Jonalyn D. Gungon
Reviewers: Liza A. Alvarez, EPS – Research & Rosallio P. Oriarte Jr., SLRC
Illustrators: Renee Rose C. Reyes & Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Mark Kihm G. Lara
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso, EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña, EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon, EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP/Research)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde, EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio, PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos, PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao, EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Practical
Research 1 11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 2
The Characteristics and Process of
Research
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Practical Research 1 Grade 11 Self-Learning Module on The

Characteristics and Process of Research!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to Practical Research 1 Self-Learning Module on The Characteristics

and Process of Research!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
This module aims to provide the characteristics and processes of
research. It will help you get a good grasp on the nature of research through
its description and processes. This draws the baseline of research.

The module presents the characteristics and processes of research.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the characteristics and process of research;
2. examine a sample research depicting the characteristics and research
processes; and
3. create a plan to follow in conducting a research.

PRETEST

Let’s find out what you already know about today’s lesson.

Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter of the best answer
in your notebook.

1. What characteristic of research states that the researcher needs to

avoid outdated topics?
A. logical C. relevance
B. objectiveness D. timeliness

2. Which of the characteristics of research requires the researcher to be

careful in making conclusions and recommendations so as not to
mislead the readers?
A. critical C. logical
B. empirical D. systematic

3. In the research, The Struggles of Covid-19 Survivors, which

characteristic of research is depicted?
A. accuracy C. objectiveness
B. critical D. timeliness
 4. What characteristic of research does the topic, Portable Solar-Powered
Weather Station, illustrate?
A. accuracy C. empirical
B. critical D. relevance

5. When you work on a study, this is the starting point of the research
writing.
A. collect data C. review related literature
B. present the data D. choose a general problem

RECAP

In the previous lesson, you learned the meaning of research and its
importance in daily life. Can you still recall what you learned?

In the acronym RESEARCH, write what you remember about research in

your notebook.
R–
E–
S–
E–
A–
R–
C–
H–

It is nice to know that you still remember the previous lesson.

LESSON

Before you begin any writing task, you have to fully understand the
characteristics of research. Read carefully the characteristics of a good
research.
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Empirical. The researcher acquires empirical evidences (e.g. facts, data
and information) generated through observation and experimentation.
Research is based on firsthand experience or observation by the
researcher.

2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles. It is

guided by the rules on logical reasoning.

3. Cyclical. Research is cyclical because it originates with a question or a

problem and ends with another problem.

4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering

the data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case
study. Careful analysis and interpretation of data is necessary in order
to establish why something behaves in such a manner or how it came
to be.

5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.

6. Methodical or Systematic. Research is conducted in a methodical

manner without bias using systematic method and procedures. It
follows a certain method or procedure in order to obtain objective
results.

7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or

repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive
results.

8. Accuracy. The research must give correct or accurate data, which the
footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries should honestly and
appropriately documented or acknowledged.

9. Objectiveness. The research must deal with facts, not with mere
opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or
conclusions.

10. Timeliness. The research must work on a topic that is fresh, new,
and interesting to the present society.

11. Relevance. Its topic must be instrumental in improving society

or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community.
 12. Clarity. Research must succeed in expressing its central point or
discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct language.

13. Original. The research output must be original and a product of

novel ideas.

2. RESEARCH PROCESS
To better understand the nature of research, examine the research
process shown below.

1. Select a 2. Review the 3. Select a specific

research problem,
general literature of the question, or
problem problem hypothesis

6. Interpret the
findings and state 5. Analyze and
conclusions or
generalizations present or 4. Collect data
regarding the display data
problem.

Figure 1: Research Process

Step 1: The researcher begins with selecting a general problem which

is interesting and aligned with one’s specialization.

Step 2: Reviewing related literature allows the researcher to explore further

the chosen problem. Literature review can reveal what has been
studied. Results of similar researches may also surface. The
researcher may also identify the research GAP, the missing piece of a
puzzle in a study.

Step 3: After a thorough literature review, the researcher is now ready to

formulate a specific research problem, question or hypothesis.

Step 4: Data gathering follows. Researcher needs to make sure that the
specific research problem and questions are the main focus of
collecting data.
Step 5: When the data are made available, these have to be carefully analyzed
and presented.

Step 6: The researcher interprets the findings and formulates conclusions

and recommendations.

ACTIVITIES

Directions: Accomplish the following tasks below. Write your answers in your
notebook.
1. Create your own acronym that will make you remember the
characteristics of research.

2. Search for a sample research aligned to your specialization. Then,

answer the following questions.
a. What is the research all about?
b. What are the processes used in the study?
c. Which of the characteristics of research is evident in the
research?

3. List down the step-by-step procedure or personal plan, which you will
do when you work on your own research.

6 2

5 3

4
 WRAP – UP

1. To summarize what you have learned, place on the graphic organizer the
research process to follow in conducting a study. Write your answer in your
notebook.

1 2 3 4 5 6

2. What are the characteristics of a good research?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

VALUING

Ponder on the lesson which you have learned.

1. Using the timeliness characteristic of research, how would you start your
research in battling Covid 19? Write your five-ten (5-10) sentence paragraph
in your notebook.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter of the best answer
in your notebook.

1. What research characteristic is observed when the researcher follows a

step-by-step procedure in the conduct of the study?
A. accuracy C. methodical
B. logical D. replicability

2. Which of the characteristics of research states that all information and

data are correct and honestly and appropriately documented and
acknowledged?
A. accuracy C. methodical
B. empirical D. objectiveness

3. Which of the research characteristics is depicted in the topic entitled

The Lived Experiences of Business Owners during the Covid-19
Pandemic?
A. accuracy C. objectiveness
B. critical D. timeliness

4. What characteristic of research does the topic, Surviving Covid-19

through Dexamethasone, illustrate?
C. accuracy C. empirical
D. critical D. relevance

5. In conceptualizing the flow of the study, what takes place after the
review of related literature?
A. collect data C. choose a general problem
B. present the data D. select a specific research problem
 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. D 5. D
4. D 4. D
3. D 3. D
2. A 2. A
1. C 1. D
Posttest Pretest

References

Avilla, Ruel Atendido. 2016. Practical Research 1. Manila: DIWA Learning

Systems Inc.

Baraceros, Esther. 2017. Practical Research 1. Manila: Rex Bookstore.

Calmorin, Laurentina P., and Melchor A. Calmorin. 2007. Research Methods

and Thesis Writing. 2nd edition. Manila: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Practical Research 1 Teacher's Guide. 2016. Manila: Department of Education.