(1a) REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR BY EMF METHOD
AIM
To predetermine the voltage regulation of a three phase non-salient pole alternator by
EMF method.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
[Link]. Apparatus Name Range Type Quantity
(0-600)V MI 1
1 Voltmeter
(0-30)V MC 1
(0-2)A MC 1
2 Ammeter
(0-10)A MI 1
3 Rheostat 400Ω/1.1 A 2
4 Tachometer - 1
PROCEDURE
● Circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
● Field rheostat of motor is kept at its minimum position
● DPST Switch is closed. The motor is started by means of starter.
● The motor is set to run at rated speed of the alternator by varying the field rheostat of the
motor.
● The residual EMF of the alternator is noted for the zero field current of the alternator
● Field rheostat of the alternator is varied and the corresponding induced EMF and the field
current is noted.
● Step 6 is repeated till the EMF reaches 120 % of rated voltage.
● Open circuit characteristic is drawn for the above values i.e., between Eg per phase and If .
● Then the field rheostat of the alternator is brought back to its original position. i.e., the
induced emf is brought back to Zero voltage.
● For Short circuit test TPST switch is closed.
● Field rheostat of the alternator is varied and the rated current (short circuit current) is
made to flow.
● The corresponding field current is noted.
● Short circuit characteristic is drawn for the noted values i.e., between
Isc and If .
● Synchronous impedance =
For the same field current.
● Various power factors are assumed and the phasor diagrams are draw for both lagging
and leading power factors. The voltage induced is obtained from the phasor diagrams and
the voltage regulation corresponding to the power factors are calculated using the
formula.
● Regulation characteristics i.e., power factor Vs voltage regulation are
drawn for the various power factors.
FORMULA USED
(i) Synchronous impedance = Zs =
For the same field current.
Where,
Voc = Rated O.C. Voltage, (V)
Isc = Short circuit current, (A) at a Field current corresponding to the rated
Voltage
(ii) Synchronous reactance (Xs)
Xs =
Where,
Rac = Ra (dc) * (1.11*Kim factor)
(iii) % voltage regulation = {(Eg -VT) / VT }* 100
MODEL GRAPH
OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS:
Generated voltage Vph , Volts
Field current If, A
OCC
SCC
Vph rated
Isc
Armature current , (Ia)
230 V
DC Supply
M
A
AA
Z
ZZ
_
+
D
T
L
A
F
220Ω /1.2 A
300Ω
/1.1 A
A
+
_
X
XX
3 Point starter
V
R
Y
B
T
T
A
(0-600)V
MI
(0-10)A
MI
40 A
40 A
10 A
10 A
10 A
(0-2)A
MC
NVR
N
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR OC
AND SC TESTS ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR
NAME PLATE DETAILS:
Prime mover: Alternator:
Capacity : --kW Capacity : --kVA
Voltage : --V Voltage : --V
Current : --A Current : --A
Speed : --rpm Speed : --rpm
TABULATION
I. OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTIC
Field current Line voltage Phase voltage
[Link].
If (a) Vl (volts) Vph (volts)
1
2
.
.
II. SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTIC
Field current Short circuit current
[Link],
If (a) Isc (a)
COMPUTATION OF ARMATURE RESISTANCE (Ra)
(0-10)A MC
_
10 A
N
R
+
A
V
_
+
D
T
+
_
230 V
DC Supply
+
(0-30)V MC
Loading unit 300 V/ 10A
10 A
TABULATION TO FIND Ra
Armature Voltage Armature Current Armature Resistance
[Link].
Va(volts) Ia (A) Ra ( Ω )
Mean
Ra
MODEL PHASOR DIAGRAM
(i) Lagging current
Ia
IaRa
VT
IaXs
Eg
φ
(ii) Leading current:
Ia
φ
VT
IaRa
IaXs
Eg
VT = Rated voltage
[Link]. Sin φ Cos φ Generated % Voltage
Voltage Eg Regulation
Lag Lead Lag Lead
REGULATION CHARACTERISTICS
%Voltage regulation
Lagging Power factor
Leading
Power factor
1.0
RESULT
Thus the voltage regulation of a three phase non-salient pole alternator was
predetermined by EMF method and the regulation characteristics were drawn.
