1

Teaching and learning module

Additional mathematics form 5

CHAPTER 5

NAME:\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026

FORM :\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026

Date received : \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026

Date completed \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 .

Marks of the Topical Test : \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026

Prepared by :
Additional Mathematics Department
Sek Men Sains Muzaffar Syah Melaka

For Internal Circulations Only

Formulae

a) sin 2A + cos 2A = 1 f) sin (A \ u 0 0 b 1 B) = sinAcosB \ u 0 0 b 1 cosAsinB

b) sek2A = 1 + tan2A g) cos (A \ u 0 0 b 1 B) = cos AcosB

m sinAsinB

c) kosek2 A = 1 + kot2 A tanA \u00b1

tanB
h) tan (A \ u 0 0 b 1 B) =
1 m tanA tanB
d) sin2A = 2 sinAcosA

e) cos 2A = cos2A \u2013 sin2 A

= 2 cos2A-1
= 1- 2 sin2A
 2

Students will be able to:

1. Understand the concept of positive and negative angles measured in degrees and
radians.
1.1 Represent in a Cartesian plane, angles greater than 360 or 2 \u03c0 radians for:
a) positive angles
b) negative angles.

1.1
a) Positive angles are angle measured in the anticlockwise direction from the positive x \u2013axis.

b) Negative angle are angle measured in the clockwise direction from the positive x \u2013 axis

\u03b8 \u03b8
\u2212

C) The Position of an angle \ u 0 3 b 8 that is greater than 360 or 2 \u03c0 radians can be obtained using
o

o
= n(360 ) + \u03b1
the relation\u03b8 = n(2\u03c0
or \u03b8 ) + \u03b1
c) One full rotation = 360 or 2 \u03c0 , so two full rotation = 720 or 4 \u03c0
o o

d) A Cartesian plane can be divided into four quadrant

Quadrant 1I Quadrant 1
\u03c0
\u03c0 o
< 0o < 0o
180
o
690
o
or \u03c0
4 \u03b8
\u2264
\u22 < \u03b8
< 90 < \u03b8 or < \u03b8
2 2
Quadrant III
Quadrant 1V
3\u03c0
1270
o
< 180
< \u03b8 o
or < \u03b8
< \u03c0 o o 3\u03c0
270 6360
\u2264 or
4 \u03b8 < 2\u03c0
< \u03b8
2 \u22
2

Sketch the angle for each of the following angle in separate Cartesian planes Hence which quadrant the
angle is in .

Example 1
a) 520 b) 1050 c)780
o o o
7 10 19\u03c0
d) rad
\u03c0 e) rad
\u03c0 f)
2 3 6

Exercise 1
g) - 135 h) -45
o o
i) 430o
\u2212 \u03c0 7 8
j) rad
\u2212 k) \u03c0
\u2212 l) \u03c0
\u2212
4 2 3

Homework Text book Page 111 Exercise 5.1 No 1 \u2013 2

Students will be able to:

2.0 Understand and use the six trigonometric functions of any angle
2.1 Define sine, cosine and tangent of any angle in a Cartesian plane.
2.2 Define cotangent, secant and cosecant of any angle in a Cartesian plane.
2.3 Find values of the six trigonometric functions of any angle.
2.4 Solve trigonometric equations.
 3
2.1 Define sine, cosine and tangent of any angle in a Cartesian plane.
Refer to the following diagram ,
When \ u 0 3 b 8 lies on the first quadrant as shown in the diagram
y
below , OQ = x, PQ = y and r =x2 +
2
y . Refer to sin \ u 0 3 b 8 = sin \u03b1 = =
r
y x x
OPQ,
\u2206 Then sin\u03b8
= , cos\u03b8
= , cos \ u 0 3 b 8 = cos = =
r r
\u03b1
r
x y
tan\u03b8
= tan \ u 0 3 b 8 = tan \u03b1 = =
y x

Quadrant

Graphs

Conclusion :

2.2 Define cotangent, secant and cosecant of any angle in a Cartesian plane.
Definition :
1 1 1
cotangent \ u cot b =
8 =
0 3\u03b8 secant \u03b8sek
=\u03b8
= cos
cosecant \u03b8 =ek\u03b8
=
tan
\u03b8 cos
\u03b8 sin
\u03b8

Example 2:
1. Given sin 45 = 0.707 and cos45 = 0,707 , Find
o o
2 2
the value of tan 45 ,cot45 ,sec45 and cosek45
o o o o 2 Given sin = 0.866
\u03c0 and cos =-
\u03c0 0.5 .Find the
3 3
Solution :
2 2 2 2
tan 45 = = = , cot ,sec
o
value of tan \u03c0 \u03c0 and
\u03c0 cosec \u03c0
3 3 3 3
Solution :
cot45 = = =
o
2
tan =
\u03c0 = =
3

sek45 = = =
o
2
cot =
\u03c0 = =
3
cosek45 = = =
o

2
sec =
\u03c0 = =
3

2
cosec =
\u03c0 = =
3
 4
Exercise 2
1 Given sin 15 = 0.259 and cos15 = 0.966 , Find
o o
4 4
o o o o 2 Given sin π =- 0.866 and cos π = - 0.5 Find the
the value of tan 15 ,cot15 ,sec15 and cosek15 3 3
Solution :
o 4 4 4 4
tan 15 = value of tan π,cot π ,sec π and cosec π
3 3 3 3
Solution

o
cot15 = 4 4
tan π = sec π =
3 3
o
sec15 =
4 4
cot π = cosec π =
o 3 3
cosek15 =

Complementary angles
Two angle are called complementary angles if the sum of these angles is equal to 90 . Foe example the
o

angle 65 is said to be the complement of angle 25

O o

o o o
a) sinθ = cos(90 − θ ) c) tanθ = cot(90 − θ ) e) secθ = cosec(90 − θ )
o o o
b) cosθ = sin(90 − θ ) d) cotθ = tan(90 − θ ) f) cosecθ = sec(90 − θ )

Example 3 : Given that sin 52 = p and cos52 = q find the value of each of the following trigonometric
o o

functions in terms of p and / or q

a) sin 38 b) sec 38 c) cot 38
o o o

Exercise 3 : Given that tan 47 = r and cos47 = s find the value of each of the following trigonometric
o o

functions in terms of r and / or s

a) cot 43 [ r ] b) sin 43 [ s ] c) sec43 [ 1/(rs) ]
o o o

Homework Text book Page 122 Exercise 5.2 No 1 – 10

2.3 Find values of the six trigonometric functions of any angle

The value of any trigonometric function of an angle is obtained by following the steps
below
a) Find the reference angle, α ,which is the acute angle form by the rotating ray and the
x-axis in the respective quadrant
b) Find the value of the trigonometric function of the reference angle, α .
c) Determine the correct sign of the value of the trigonometric function of angle θ
according to the respective quadrant.
Example 4.: For each of the following trigonometric functions determine the reference angle . Hence ,find the
value of trigonometric function .
o
a) sin 135 b) cos(-150 ) tan 143 13' cot325 sek340 cosec(-230 12')
o 0 o o o

Exercise 4.: For each of the following trigonometric functions determine the reference angle . Hence ,find the
value of trigonometric function
o
a) sin 290 b)cosec350 c)cot 300 d)sec(-330 ) e)cos(-300 ) f) tan (-200 )
o o o o o

[0.9397] [-5.760] [-0.5773] [1.1547] [0.5] [-0.3640]

5
Example 5 : Given that sin θ = - , 90o <θ <
o
270 Find the value of each the following trigonometric function
13
without using a calculator

a) cos θ b)cosec θ c)sec θ d) tan θ e) cot θ

12
Exercise 5 : Given that cos θ = - , 90o < θ < 180
o
. Find the value of each the following trigonometric
13
function without using a calculator

a) cos θ cosec θ sec θ tan θ , cot θ

Homework Text book Page 122 Exercise 5.2 No 11 – 13

2.4 Solving trigonometric equations.

:
When solving trigonometric equation, we follow the step below
S1 : Obtain the reference angle for the angle using calculator
S2 : Determine the relevant quadrants in which angle lie
S3 : Determine all the possible solutions in the given range of the angles

o o
Example 6 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation for 0 ≤θ ≤ 360
a) sin θ = 0.6428 b) sin θ = - 0.9421 b) cos θ = 0.4392

o o
0 for
Exercise e 6 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation ≤ θ ≤ 360 :
a) cos θ = -0.6428 b) tan θ = 0.5 c) sin θ =-0.7382

[130 ,230 ] [26 34', 206 34'] [227 34',312 26']

o o o o o o
 2
o o
0 for
Example 7 Example 6 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation ≤ θ ≤ 360 :
(a) cos ( θ -25 ) = 0.9848 tan 2 θ = 1 .732 2tan θ = 3
o
θ
Cos = -0.8192
2

[30 ,120 ,210 ,300 ] [ 56 19', 236 19' ]

o o o o o o

o o
0 for
Exercise 7 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation ≤ θ ≤ 360
b) tan ( θ + 60 ) = -1 d) 2 tan3 θ = -1
o
1 1
a) Cos 2 θ = c) tan ( θ -15 ) = 0.8687
o

2 2

[ 75 ,, 240 ] [ 111o 58'] [51 7',111 7',171 7',231 9',291 9',513 9']
o o o o o o o o
[ 30 ,150 ,210 ,330 ]
o o o o

o o
0 for
Example 8 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation ≤ θ ≤ 360
a) sin θ = - cos48 b) 5 cos θ sin θ = cos θ c) 2sin θ = cos θ
o

[ 222 , 318 ] [11 32', 168 ,28',90 ,270 ] [ 26 34', 206 34']
o o o o o o o o

o o
Exercise 8 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation for ≤ 360
≤θ 0
a)
cos θ = - tan 42 b) tan 3 θ = cot 15 c) cos θ = sin
o o
θ

[ 154 ,318 ] [ 25 ,85 ,87 ,205 ,159 ,195 ] [45 ,225 ]

o o o o o o o o o o

o o
0 for
Example 9 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation ≤ θ ≤ 360
:
b) 6 sin x + cosec x = 5 c) 2 tanx-1 = cot x
2
a) (1 + sin x)(cos x) = 0

[ 270 ,225 …] [19 28', 160 32' , 30 , 150 ] [ 153 26', 333 ,26',45 ]
o o o o o o o o o
 3
o o
0 for
Exercise 9 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation ≤ θ ≤ 360
a) 2kos x + 5 cos x - 3 = 0 b) 3sinx = tan x c) 2 tan x + tan x - 3 = 0
2 2

[ 0 ,70 40',289 20' ] [ 45 ,12' 303 …. ]

o o o o o o o
[60 ,300 ]
Homework Text book Page 123 Exercise 5.2 No 14– 20
Further Practice Text Book Page 124 No 21 - 30

SPM Question
1) Given sin x = p/3 where x is a acute
2.Solve the equation 4 tan x = 1
2
1. Solve the equation
angle. Express cot x in terms of p for 90 < x < 360 [ Answer
o o
2
π π
26 34’,153 26’,206 43’ , 333 26’ ]
o o o o 6kos (θ − ) − kos(θ − )= 2
9−p 2 3 3
[ Answer ] for 0 <
o
θ < 360o
p

[ Ans θ = 11.8o,108.2o 180o , 300o ]

Students will be able to:

3.0 Understand and use graphs of sine, cosine and tangent functions.
3.1 Draw and sketch graphs of trigonometric functions:
a) y = c + a sin bx,
b) y = c + a cos bx,
c) y = c + a tan bx,
where a, b and c are constants and b>0.

3.2 Determine the number of solutions to a trigonometric equation using sketched graphs.
3.3 Solve trigonometric equations using drawn graphs.

Refer to the text book page 124 – 125 to understand and recognise the characteristics of the
graph of trigonometric functions

Example 10
Using a scale of 2 cm to 0.5 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to 1 unit on the y – axis, draw the graph
π π 3
of y = 4 sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 . Hence find the solution of equation 4 sin x + x −3 = 0
2 2 2
Solution
x 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
y 0 2.83 4 2.83 0 -2.83 -4 -2.8 0
 4
Exercise 10
π
Using a scale of 2 cm to unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to 1 unit on the y – axis, draw the
8
of y = cos 2x + 1 for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . Hence determine the values of x that satisfy the equation
π
(cos 2x + − x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
1) π =
2
Example 11
1. Sketch the graph of y = 3 sin 2x 2. Sketch the graph of y = ‫ ׀‬tan x ‫ ׀‬for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 π .
for 0º ≤ x ≤ 360º. Determine the Determine the number of solution to the equation
number of solution to the equation 1
1 ‫׀‬ tan x ‫= ׀‬ x +3 = 0
3 sin 2x + x −2 = 0 3
2

Exercise 11
1. Sketch the graph of y = 3 cos2x 2. Sketch the graph of y = 1-2sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 π .
for 0º ≤ x ≤ 360º. Determine the Hence , draw a suitable straight line on the same
number of solutions to the equation axis to find the number of solutions to the equation
3 π cos2x – 2x = 0 ( Answer 3 solution) π − 2π sin x = 3x , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 π .State the number
of solutions.

Homework Text book Page 130 Exercise 5.3 N0 1 – 10

Students will be able to:

4.0 Understand and use basic identities. .
4.1 Prove basic identities:
a) sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
b) 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A
c) 1 + cot2 A = cosec2 A

4.2 Prove trigonometric identities using basic identities.

4.3 Solve trigonometric equations using basic identities.
 5
Basic Identities

1. sin x + cos x≡ 1 Guide to proving trigonometric

2 2

2. sec x ≡ 1 + tan x identities

2 2

3. cosec x = 1 + cot x
2 2

sin x 1. Pecahkan menggunakan gantian

4. tan x ≡ rumus no 4 hingga no 7
cos x 1. Samakan penyebut
1 2. faktorkan atau cari identiti iaitu no
5. sec x ≡
cos x 1 hingga 3
1
6 cosec x ≡
sin x
1 kosx
7. cot x ≡ =
tanx sin x

Example 12 : Prove each of the following trigonometric identities

a) kos x - sin x ≡ 1-2sin x b) cot x cos x c) sin y + cos y cosec y cosec y

2 2 2 2
≡ cosec x –sin x ≡

Exercise 12 : Prove each of the following trigonometric identities

a) tan x-sin x≡ tan x sin x b) tan x + cot x ≡ cosec x secx
2 2 2 2
1 1 2
b) + = 2sek y
1 + sin y 1 − sin y

Homework Text book Page 134 Exercise 5.4 N0 1 – 2

Example 13 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation 0 < x <360

o o

a) 6 cos x =1 + 2 sec x 3 c) 6 cosec x = 11 - 4 sin x

b) 2 cosek x = 7 +
2

tanx

[48 35',131 25' ]

o o
[ 21 48',135 ,201 48' 315 ]
o o o o
[ 48 11' , 120 ,240 311 49' ]
o o o o
 6
Exercise 13 : Solve each of the following trigonometric equation 0 < x <360
o o

a) 5 sin x – 2 = 2 cos x b) 4 cos x – 3 cot x = 0 c)tan x +8 = 7 sekx

2 2

[53.13 180 , 306.87 ] [48.59 90 131.41 ,270 ] [ 48 11' , 60 ,300 , 311 49' ]
o o o o, o, o o o o o 0

Homework Text book Page 134 Exercise 5.4 N0 3 – 7

SPM Question
a) Solve the equation 6 cos x = 1 + 2 sec x for 3
o b) Solve the equation 2cosec x = 7 +
2
for
0 ≤ x ≤ 360 [ Answer 48 11’,120 ,240 , 311 49’ ]
o o o o
tanx
o
0 ≤ x ≤ 360 [ Answer 21 48’ , 135 ,201 48’ ,315 ]
o o o o

Students will be able to:

5. Understand and use addition formulae and double-angle formulae.
5.1 Prove trigonometric identities using addition formulae for sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) and
tan (A ± B).
5.2 Derive double-angle formulae for sin 2A, cos 2A and tan 2A.
5.3 Prove trigonometric identities using addition formulae and/or double-angle formulae.
5.4 Solve trigonometric equations.

Addition Formulae and double Angle Formulae

Addition Formulae Double angle Formulae Half-angle formulae.

A A
sin2A = 2sinAcosA sin A = 2sin kos
sin(A ± B)sin A cosB
= ± cos A sin B
2 2 2 2
Cos2A =Cos A-sin A
cos(A ± B) = cos A cosB m sin A sin B 2 A A
= 1 - 2sin A cos A = kos2 − sin
2

tan A ± tanB 2
= 2Cos A -1 2 2
tan(A ± B) = =
1m tan A tanB 2 tanA
tan2A = 2
1− tan A =
A
2 tan
tan A = 2
2 A
1− tan
2
 7
Example I4
o o
Find the value of sin 15 and IF h = cos10 and k = sin40 ,
o
12 4
tan 165 without using Calculator
o Given sin A = , cos B = − Express each of the following in terms h
13 5
where A and B are obtuse angle and / or k
a) sin 50 b) sin 20 c) cos 5
o o o
Without using calculator find the
value of
a) cos (A - B) b) tan (A + B)

Exercise 14 :
a) Find the value each of the 5 c) Find the value each of the following
4
following without using Calculator b) If tan A = and cot B without using Calculator
o 12 3
a) sin 15 b) tan75 a) 2 cos30 sin30
o o o
where A and B are acute angle .
c)tan105 d) cos 165 a) 1-2sin 22.5
o o 2
Find the value each of the following
without using Calculator

a) sin (A -B) c) tan 2B

A
b) cos (A+B) d) tan
2

Homework Text book Page 134 Exercise 5.5 N0 1- 7

Example 15 : Prove each of the following trigonometric Identities
a) cos 3x = 4 cos x – 3 cos x c) 2 cot 2x + tan x = cot x
2
1 − cos2x
b) sin 2x =
tanx
 8

Exercise 15 : Prove each of the following trigonometric Identities

a) sin 3x = 3sin x - 4 sin x b) cot x– cosec 2x = cot 2x
2
2 tan x 2
c) = 2 − sec x
tan2x

Homework Text book Page 134 Exercise 5.5 N0 8 - 10

o
Example 16 : Solve the following equation0for< x < 360o

a) 3 sin2x = 2sinx b) 3 kos2x - 7kosx = -5 c)tan2x = 10 tan x

[ 70 32',180 ,289 28' ] [48 11' , 60 ,300 ,311 49' ] [41 49',138 11',180 ,221 49', 318 11' ]
o o o o o o o o o o o o

o
Example 16 : Solve the following equation0for< x < 360o

a) cos x + 2 sin2x = 0 b) 3 tan2x + 2 tan x = 0 c)3 kos2x + 4 cosx = 1

[ 90 ,194 29',270 ,345 31' ] [63 26',116 34',180 ,243 26' ,296 34' ] [70 32',180 ,289 28' ]
o o o o o o o o o o o o

Homework Text book Page 134 Exercise 5.5 N0 11 – 15

 9
SPM Questions

a) Find the value of A and B that satisfy 1 c) Prove that

the equation b) Given sin (x – y) = and sin 2x ≡ cot x (1 – cos 2x)
2
sin (A -3B)=0.33 and sin (A+B) = 0.91 for
3
o o
0 ≤ ( A − 3B) ≤ 90 ,and cos x sin y = . Find the value
4
o o
0 ≤ ( A + 3B) ≤ 90 [ Answer A
=42 23’
o
each of the following
B= 7 42’ ]
o a) sin x cos y b) sin (x + y)

d)Prove that 2 cot 2x + tan x ≡ cot x e)Show th

a t f) Given 3 tan2x = 4 for o
90 ≤ x ≤ 180 .
o

sin x − sin 2x Find the value of sin x [ Ans 4/ /5]

2
tan x ≡
kosx− 1 − kos2x
 10
o o o o
g) Solve 16kos( x − π ) sin(x − π ) = 5 for x ≤ 360
0 ≤ h) Givensin x =m for x ≤ 90 find
0 ≤
o o o i) cos2x in term of m [ Ans 1-2m ]
2
[ Answer 19 21’,70 40’,199 21’250 40’]
o

2m
ii) the positive value for
m if sin 2x =
3
[ Answer 2/2/3 ]

a)Solve the equation b) Prove cos 2 θ = 2cos θ -1 c) Solve each of the following for
2

2
2 sek x = 3 – tan x for 0o ≤ x < 360o Given θ is a acute angle and 90o ≤ β ≤ 270o [ SPM95 ]
1 sinθ = p express each of the 2
(b) Given tanθ = without using (a) 2 tan β = 1
following in term of p [ SPM 94]
3 (b) 2 - 3 sin β − cos2β = 0
(i) tan θ
calculator find the value of
(i) tan2 θ (ii) cos(- θ )
(ii) tan (135 - θ ) [SPM 93]
o (iii) cos 2 θ

Solve 4 sin (x- π )cos(x- π ) = 1 Given sin θ = k where θ is a ac ute angle fin

d
for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π i)sin 2θ in term of k
5 ii)the positive value of k if kos2
θ =k
Given tan2y = for 90 <y<180 , Find the value of
o o

12 [ SPM 98 ]
cos y
2
[SPM 97 ]

Prove that (cos 2 θ + 1)tan θ = sin 2 θ [ SPM 95 ] Prove that Cosek2A + Cot2A = Cot A
[ SPM 93]
 11

sin 2θ + sinθ
2 2
Prove that tanθ - cotθ = sek θ 2 Show = tanθ [ SPM 97]
- cosecθ [ SPM 98 ]
2
1 + kosθ + kos2θ