Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Civil Engineering Department
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to S.P.P.U. Pune)
Engineering Geology
Course Introduction
T.Y. [Link] Engineering
UNIT-I Mineralogy & Petrology
Introduction to the Subject, Object, Scope and Subdivisions of Geology
Presented By:
Dr. A. V. Deshpande
Ph. D (Geology), [Link] ([Link].)
[Link] Civil [Link].
[Link]
Dept. of MBA, Sanjivani COE, Kopargaon 1
Introduction to the Subject, Object, Scope and
Subdivisions of Geology
Engineering Geology may be defined as
that branch of applied sciences which
deals with the application of geology for
the safe, stable and economical design
and construction of a civil engineering
project.
. The civil engineers aim at safety,
stability, economy and life of the
structure that they construct. Civil
engineering constructions like dams and
bridges will have their foundations on
geological formations of the Earth’s
surface.
Introduction to the Subject contd..
Therefore, their stability and safety
depend on the competence of the in
situ rocks of the sites concerned
Also, to be economical, such
competent foundation rocks should
be at a shallow depth. Further, for huge
constructions like dams, building
materials are required in very large
quantities near the site.
Otherwise, the cost of construction will
increase. These critical details of civil
engineering importance, i.e. durability
and competence of foundation rocks,
their depth of occurrence, availability of
building material near project sites, can
be reliably obtained from geological
Subdivisions of Geology
Physical Geology
Geomorphology
Mineralogy
Petrology
Economic Geology
Historical Geology
Allied Science
Geochemistry
Geophysics
Geohydrology
Mining Geology
Engineering Geology
Rock Mechanics
Geomechanics
Metrology
Oceanography
Subdivisions of Geology
Physical Geology: It deals with the
origin, development and ultimate
fate of various surfacial features of
earth. The role played by internal
(Volcanism and Earthquakes) and
external (Wind, Water, Ice) agents on
the physical features on the earth
makes major domain of this branch.
Geomorphology: This branch
confines itself to the studies of
features of the surface of the earth,
primarily of the land surface.
Detailed investigations regarding
development and disposition of
mountains, plains, plateaus, valleys
and basins and various other
landforms associated with them.
Subdivisions of Geology
Mineralogy: This branch deals
with the study of formation,
occurrence, aggregation,
properties and uses of various
families of minerals.
Petrology: Minerals occurring in
natural aggregated form are
called rocks. These rocks forms
the building blocks that makes
up the crust of the earth.
Formation of various types of
rocks, their mode of occurrence,
composition, textures and
structures, geological and
geographical distribution on the
earth are all studied under the
Subdivisions of Geology
Economic Geology: Deals with the study of
minerals and rocks and other such material (Coal
and Petroleum) occurring in the crust that can be
exploited as a ORE.
Historical Geology: It is also called as
STRATIGRAPHY and deals with the past history of
the earth. From the study of its rock stratified and
unstratified rocks are treated as the pages of the
earth history. Each having the information about
the time during which it was formed and also the
imprints (fossils left on its formation) when these
rocks are properly interpreted can reveal vital
information about the climate, biological activities
and the environmental conditions of the past; all
these lies in the historical geology.
Subdivisions of Geology
Structural Geology
The branch deals with study of morphology,
classification, causes of development and all other
aspect of structural feature like folds, faults & joints
Palaeontology
Branch deals with study of fossils of ancient life forms
& their evolution
Applied Geology
Engineering Geology
Deals with study and use of geology in civil Engg.
Use of geological principles to engineering practices for
the purpose of assuring the stability and life of
engineering work.
Mining Geology
Deals with study and use of geology in Mining Engg.
Extraction of mineral resources from the Earth
Subdivisions of Geology
Economic Geology
Deals with the study of those minerals & rocks and materials exist in the earth
which can be used for the benefit of the man
Petroleum Geology
Study locations of the subsurface of the Earth which can contain extractable
hydrocarbons, especially petroleum and natural gases.
Hydrology
Branch deals with the studies of both quality & quantity of water
Photo Geology
Branch deals with the study of aerial photograph / Remote sensing
Rock mechanics
It is related with geology in dealing with the behavior of rocks that is
subjected to static and dynamic lodes
SCOPE OF ENGINEERING
GEOLOGY
In construction Jobs: In all types of heavy
construction like building tower, dams,
reservoirs, highways, bridges, traffic and
hydropower tunnel and retaining structure. The
geological information about the site of
construction (or excavation) and about the
natural materials of construction is of
paramount importance. This information is vital
for planning realistic and designing and
economic excavation of one and all of such
projects.
Scope
Planning:
It provides the engineer with a
general guidance about the
suitability of the site for a
proposed project.
It enables the engineer to
appreciate the limiting factors
imposed upon his planning by
topography, geomorphology,
ground water conditions etc. of
the area.
It gives the engineer a general idea
about the availability of different
types of construction material.
It guides him in limiting the
exploratory operation (Drilling) for
selecting the final site to such
Scope
Designing:
The existence of hard rock and their depth from
an inclination with the surface.
Mechanical properties of the rocks along the
proposed site, especially, bearing strength, shear
strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability and
resistance to decay and disintegration.
Presence of structurally weak plans (Joints,
Faults and Fractures) and weak zones (Peat
deposits and sheared zones) especially at critical
regions of a site selected for the project.
Scope
In Town and Regional Planning:
The major factor in town planning is
the allocation of site for industrial
site is dependent on the
geomorphology of the region.
It helps the town planner in allocating
the space for the building with
respect to FSI.
During the formation of city the
design prepared for the drainage and
drinking water should not coincide
with each other.
The study of the water cycle is an
essential section for planning and
execution of a major water level
program.
Importance of Geology in Civil Engineering
May be briefly outlined as follows
Provides a systematic knowledge of construction
material, their structure and properties
Knowledge of Erosion, transportation, and deposition
by surface water which helps in soil conservation,
river control, costal and harbor work
About the nature of rock for determining the stability
of cuts & slops in tunneling and roads
Foundation problems of Dams, Bridges and building
Knowledge of ground water is necessary in
connection with excavation work
Thank You..
