College of Engineering
Spring Semester- 2016 Thermodynamics II - ME 272
Section: MA, MB and MC
Due Day: Thursday of Week4
PROBLEM 1.1 STATEMENT (25%)
Steam enters a two-stage adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500oC. It expands in the first stage to a
state of 2MPa and 350oC. Steam is then reheated at constant pressure to a temperature of 500oC
before it is routed to the second stage, where it exists at 30 kPa and a quality of 97 %. The work
output of the turbine is 5MW. Assuming the surrounding to be at 25oC, determine the reversible
power output and the rate of the exergy destruction within this turbine.
Note: the surrounding state is dead state.
Fig.1.1 Two Stages Turbine
Solution:
State Phase Description Enthalpy [h] kJ/kg Entropy in [s] kJ/kg.K
P1=8 MPa Superheated vapor h1=3399.5 s1= 6.7266
T1=500oC
T2=350 oC Superheated vapor h2=3137.7 s2= 6.9583
P2=2 MPA
P3=2MPa Superheated vapor h3=3468.3 s3= 7.4337
T3=500oC
P4=30 kPa Sta. liquid Vapor h4=hf + xhfg=2554.51 s4=sf + xsfg=7.56279
x=97% Mixture
State (2): Tgiven is greater than Tsat at P = 2 MPa , [From Table A-5].
Thermodynamics II-ME 272
College of Engineering
Spring Semester- 2016 Thermodynamics II - ME 272
Section: MA, MB and MC
Due Day: Thursday of Week4
State (3): Tgiven is greater than Tsat at P = 2MPa=2000 kPa , [From Table A-5].
The state is superheated.
Thermodynamics II-ME 272
College of Engineering
Spring Semester- 2016 Thermodynamics II - ME 272
Section: MA, MB and MC
Due Day: Thursday of Week4
State [4] Saturated Liquid Vapor Mixture:
kJ kJ
h3 = 289.27 + 0.97 × 2335.3 = 2554.51 , s3 = 0.9441 + 0.97 × 6.8234 = 7.56279
kg kg. K
Ẇnet
Ẇnet = Ẇu = ṁ[h1 − h2 + h3 − h4 ] → ṁ =
h1 − h2 + h3 − ℎ4
5000 kg
= = 4.25
3399.5 − 3137.7 + 3468.3 − 2554.51 s
Ẇrev = Ẇrev = ṁ[[h1 − h2 + h3 − h4 ] − To(s1 − s2 + s3 − s4 )]
= 4.25
× [3399.5 − 3137.7 + 3468.3 − 2554.51 − 298
× (6.7266 − 6.9583 + 7.4337 − 7.56279)] = 5453.19 kW
XDestroyed = Ẇrev − Ẇ u = 5453.51 − 5000 = 453.51 kW
PROBLEM 1.2 STATEMENT (25%)
In large steam power plants, the feed water is frequently heated in closed feed water heaters, which
are basically heat exchangers, by steam extracted from the turbine at some stage. Steam enters the
feed water heater at 1MPa and 200oC and leaves as staurated liquid at the same pressure. Feed
water enters the heater at 2.5 MPa nad 50oC and leaves 10oC below the exist temperature of the
steam.
Thermodynamics II-ME 272
College of Engineering
Spring Semester- 2016 Thermodynamics II - ME 272
Section: MA, MB and MC
Due Day: Thursday of Week4
Neglect the heat losses from the outer surfaces of the heater, determine (a) the ratio of the mass
flow rates of the extracted steam and the feed water heater and (b) the reversible work for this
process per unit mass of the feed water. Assume the surroundings to be at 25oC.
Fig.1.2 Heat exchanger
Solution:
State Phase Description Enthalpy [h] kJ/kg Entropy in [s] kJ/kg.K
P1=1MPa Superheated vapor h1= 2828.3 s1= 6.6956
T1=200oC
[Hot Stream]
Sat. Liquid Sat. Liquid h2=hf=761.68 s2= 2.1387
T2=Tsat.=179.88
P2=1 MPa
[ Hot stream]
P3=2.5MPa Compressed h3=hf@T=50C = 209.34 s3= sf@T=50C=0.7038
T3=50oC Liquid
[Cold Stream]
P4=2.5 MPa Compressed h4=hf=718.33 s4=2.0419
T4=T2-10=170oC Liquid
[Cold Stream]
2
ṁ 1 h1 + ṁ 3 h3 = ṁ 2 h2 + ṁ 4 h4
Thermodynamics II-ME 272
College of Engineering
Spring Semester- 2016 Thermodynamics II - ME 272
Section: MA, MB and MC
Due Day: Thursday of Week4
ṁ 1 = ṁ 2 = ṁCold
ṁ 3 = ṁ 4 = ṁHot
mHot h4 − h3 718.33 − 209.34
= = = 0.2463
mCold h1 − h2 2828.3 − 761.68
Ẇrev = [(h4 − h3 ) − To (s4 − s3 )] = [(718.33 − 209.34) − 298 × (2.0419 − 0.7038)]
kJ
= 110.23
kg
PROBLEM 1.3 STATEMENT (25%)
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 6 MPa, 600oC, and 80 m/s and leaves at 50 kPa, 100oC, and
140 m/s. If the power output of the turbine is 5 MW, determine (a) the reversible power output
and (b) the second –law efficiency of the turbine. Assume the surrounding to be at 25oC
Fig.1.3 Steam turbine
Solution:
State Phase Description Enthalpy [h] kJ/kg Entropy in [s] kJ/kg.K
P1=6MPa Superheated vapor h1= 3658.8 s1= 7.1693
T1=600oC
[Hot Stream]
T2=100C Superheated vapor h2=2682.4 s2= 7.6953
P2=50kPa
Thermodynamics II-ME 272
College of Engineering
Spring Semester- 2016 Thermodynamics II - ME 272
Section: MA, MB and MC
Due Day: Thursday of Week4
V12 − V22
Ẇrev = 𝑚̇[(h1 − h2 ) − To (s1 − s2 ) + ]
2000
= 5.155[(3658.8 − 2682.4) − 298(7.1693 − 7.6953) + (802 − 1402 )/2000
= 5807.4 kW
𝑊̇u = 𝑚̇[(3658.8 − 2682.4) + (802 − 1402 )/2000] = 5000
5000 𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇ = 2 2
= 5.155
(3658.8 − 2682.4) + (80 − 140 )/2000 𝑠
𝑊𝑢̇ 5000
𝜂𝐼𝐼 = = = 0.861
𝑤𝑟𝑒𝑣
̇ 5807.4
PROBLEM 1.4 STATEMENT (25%)
A hot-water stream at 160oF enters an adiabatic mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 4 Ibm/s,
where it is mixed with a stream of cold water at 70oF. If the mixture leaves the chamber at 110oF,
determine (a) the mass flow rate of the cold water and (b) the exergy destroyed during this adiabatic
mixing process. Assume all the streams are at a pressure of 50 psia and the surroundings are at
75oF.
Ans. [(a) 5.0 Ibm/s, (b) 14.6 Btu/s]
Stream (1) is a hot stream.
Stream (2) is a cold stream.
Energy Balance:
ṁ1 h1 + ṁ2 h2 = ṁ3 h3
Thermodynamics II-ME 272
College of Engineering
Spring Semester- 2016 Thermodynamics II - ME 272
Section: MA, MB and MC
Due Day: Thursday of Week4
Mass Balance:
ṁ1 + ṁ2 = ṁ3
ṁ1 (h1 − h3 ) 128 − 78.02
ṁ1 h1 + ṁ2 h2 = (ṁ1 + ṁ2 )h3 ⇾ ṁ2 = =4× = 5.0 Ibm
h3 − h2 78.02 − 38.08
State Phase Description Enthalpy [h] Btu Entropy in [s] btu/Ibm R
P1=50 psai Compressed liquid h1=128 s1=0.23136
T1=160F
[Hot Stream]
T2=70F Compressed Liquid h2=38.08 s2=0.07459
P2=P1
T3=110F Compressed liquid h3= 78.02 s3=0.14728
P3=P1
To [R] =T[F]+460=75+460=535 R
Ẇrev = ṁ1 (h1 − To s1 ) + ṁ2 (h2 − To s2 ) − ṁ3 (h3 − To s3 ) = 4 × (128 − 535 × 0.23136) +
5 × (38.08 − 535 × 0.07459) − 9 × (78.02 − 535 × 0.14728) = 14.73 Btu/s
Btu
Ẋ destroyed = Ẇrev − Ẇu = Ẇrev = 14.73 , since Ẇu = 0
s
Thermodynamics II-ME 272
