26
Displacement analysis illustrates the relationship between movements of various
components of kinematic chain. The configuration of other links are determined
graphically or analytically when the movement of the input link (crank) is
prescribed.
Example: Using graphical method, determine the maximum swing angle, 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥
shown in Figure 3-1
𝜃
A D
Figure 3-1
Dimensions:
AB= 25 cm, BC= 60 cm, CD= 45 cm, AD= 50 cm, 𝜃 = 120°
Machine Elements 1 Chapter 3 27
Solution:
Let us check if the given mechanism satisfies Grashof’s criterion;
𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 𝐿′ + 𝐿′′
25 cm + 60 cm < 50 cm + 45 cm
85 cm < 95 cm
Hence, the mechanism is a Grashof’s chain.
Maximum Swing Angle, 𝜽𝒎𝒂𝒙
The maximum swing angle 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 is the angle subtended when point C is at its
extreme positions during its oscillation about revolute D.
Mechanism scale (Drawn in 8.5’’ x 11’’ Letter Sized Paper): 1 mm
Figure 3-2
C C’’
𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 84°
𝛽 B’’
A D
𝛼
B
Machine Elements 1 Chapter 3 28
Two extreme position C’ and C’’ of rocker CD takes place when (1) crank AB
and floating link BC coincides and (2) when both of them are in line with
each other. This is shown in Figure 3-2 by configurations AB’C’D’, the
maximum swing angle 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 84°
Quick Return Property of Mechanism
Quick return property of a mechanism is the time required to complete the
forward motion and return motion, this is shown by angle 𝛽 and angle 𝛼,
(𝛼 ≠ 𝛽) as illustrated in Figure 3-2.
Quick Return ratio or QRR is
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛽
Quick return ratio or QRR= =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛼
Important notes for quick return mechanism:
QRR does not depend on the speed of the crank but solely depends on the
geometry of the mechanism
The direction of the rotation of the crank is important to get the correct
ratio of the forward and return motions.
For a mechanism to have a quick return property, the quick return ratio
Should be greater than 1, QRR>1.
The mechanism is known as Even Return Mechanism if QRR =1
Machine Elements 1 Chapter 3 29
Example: Using graphical method, determine the maximum length of stroke,
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 and quick return ratio, QRR of the mechanism shown in Figure 3-3.
C
D
B e
A 60֯
Figure 3-3
Dimension:
AB = 20 cm, BC = 65 cm, e= 30 cm
Solution:
Let us check if the given mechanism satisfies Grashof’s criterion;
𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑒 < 𝐿
(20 + 30) cm < 65 cm
50 cm < 65 cm
Hence, the mechanism is a Grashof’s chain.
Machine Elements 1 Chapter 3 30
Solving for the maximum length of stroke, 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙
The maximum length of stroke, 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 is the distance C’C’’ between two extreme
positions of the slider. It can be observed that the crank angle required during the
forward stroke is different from the angle during the return stroke. Graphically,
the maximum length of stroke 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 46 cm as illustrated in 3-4
Mechanism scale (Drawn in 8.5” x 11” Letter Sized Paper): 1mm = 1 cm.
C’ 46 cm C”
𝛽 B’’
A
𝛼
B’
Figure 3-4
Solving for the Quick Return Ratio, QRR
It can be seen in Figure 3-4, that angle 𝛽 is greater than angle 𝛼, therefore, an
offset slider and crank mechanism has a quick return characteristics.
Machine Elements 1 Chapter 3 31
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛽 201 °
QRR = = = = 1.26
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛼 159°
Example: Using graphical method, determine the maximum length of stroke,
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 and quick return ratio, QRR of the crank and slotted lever mechanism shown
in Figure 4.5. Crank BC rotates in uniform angular speed in counter-clockwise
direction. BC = 20 cm, AD = 80 cm, DQ= 40 cm, 𝜃 = 45°
Q
60
C
B 𝜃
40
Figure 3-5
Solution:
Solving for the maximum length of stroke , 𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒙
Length of stroke of Q can be determined by sketching the path of C which moves
in a circle with a radius BC. Then sketch a line from A, which is tangent to circular
Machine Elements 1 Chapter 3 32
path of C. Since, the length of link DQ does not change, therefore, the leftmost
and right most tangent location of the slider, Q’Q”, is the length of stroke.
Q’ 80 cm Q’’
D’’ D’
𝛽
B
𝛼
C’’ C’
Figure 3-6
Length of stroke in Figure 3-6:
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 80 cm
Machine Elements 1 Chapter 3 33
Quick Return Ratio:
240°
QRR= = 2.0
120°
