Senior High School
General Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 Module 1
Properties of Matter and Its Various Forms
Senior High School
General
Chemistry 1
Quarter 1 Module 1
Properties of Matter and Its Various Forms
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We value your feedback and recommendation
What This Module is About
This module discusses properties of matter and Its various forms, recognizing
common chemical substances, as well as comparing consumer products on the
basis of their components for use, safety, quality, and cost
This module has 2 lessons:
1. Properties of Matter
2. Common Chemical Substances
You are expected to answer and complete the activities given in each lesson.
Strictly follow the instructions in each activity. You may write your answers on the
answer sheets provided.
What I Need to Know
After going through this module, you are expected to;
1. Use properties of matter to identify substances and to separate them
(STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5)
2. Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-9)
3. Compare consumer products on the basis of their components for use, safety,
quality and cost (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-11)
4. Describe various simple separation techniques such as distillation,
chromatography (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-12)
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How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
These are follow-up activities that are in-
tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Activities designed to process what you
Learned have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
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What I Know
Pre Assessment
Directions: Choose the best answer among the choices. Encircle the letter of your
answer.
1. Which process is a chemical change?
A. heating to boiling C. slicing into two pieces
B. burning in air D. dissolving in alcohol
2. Which of the following is an example of an element?
A. soil C. water
B. sugar D. oxygen
3. Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to separate a mixture of
different colored ink?
A. chromatography C. evaporation
B. distillation D. filtration
4. What is matter?
A. building blocks to make up organisms C. molecules that makes up all things
B. anything that is measured and seen D. none of the above
5. Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to separate the mixture of
liquids in crude oil?
A. distillation C. chromatography
B. evaporation D. fractional distillation
6. Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
A. mass C. density
B. color D. boiling point
7. What is the chemical formula of chalk?
A. CaCO3 C. CaCO
B. COOH D. CaCO2
8. Tony Stark, a consumer with light colored hair, would like to buy shampoo but he saw
that it contains high amounts of sulfate. What should Tony do?
A. buy the shampoo C. find a sulfate free shampoo
B. test the shampoo D. find alternatives to shampoo
9. Glass breaking is an example of..?
A. chemical property C. chemical change
B. physical property D. physical change
[Link] is one of the importance of knowing the compositions of a product?
A. so we can save money C. so we can use it safely
B. so we can know the quality D. all of the choices
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Lesson
Properties of Matter
1.1
What I Need to Know
electricity? Why is alcohol volatile? This unit will help you answer these questions and
understand the composition and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes.
This module discusses about the properties of matter to identify substances
and to separate them (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5). We will also try to describe various
simple separation techniques such as distillation, chromatography
(STEM_GC11MPIa-b-12).
Activity 1: Look and List
Directions: Get only one object that holds a value to you. On the spaces below, write the
different qualitative and quantitative qualities about your chosen object. An example is
shown below:
Object: cellphone
Qualitative Quantitative
Color black, with pink casing, with tempered 3000mAh, 32gb, 4gb ROM, 4mp front
glass, yellow wallpaper, made of alloy, camera, 12mp back camera, 600 pictures,
Oppo 43 videos
Object: ___________________
Qualitative Quantitative
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What Is It
Each substance has its own set of characteristics or properties that distinguishes it
from all other substances. Pepper is pungent while sugar is sweet. Sand is grainy. Glass is
breakable. Wood burns. Clothes can be folded. Apple and potato slices, when exposed to air,
turn brown. In these examples, no matter what size or shape these substances have, their
particular property does not change.
By examining materials, you can find similarities and differences in their properties. This will
enable you to organize them into groups.
Properties of Matter
Physical properties are properties that are observed without changing the
composition of the substance, though their form may change. Certain properties such as color,
viscosity, transparency, melting point, boiling point, hardness, density, specific heat, and
atomic or molecular diameter are usually referred to as physical properties. These properties
are involved in a physical change.
A physical change is observed when a pinch of salt is dissolved in a cup of water to
produce a clear salt solution. The salt changes only in form or state from solid to liquid. It can
be recovered from a salt solution by boiling or evaporating it. The salt has not changed in
composition but remains as sodium chloride (NaCl).
Some physical properties cannot be measured (qualitative) while others can be (quantitative).
Chemical properties ae observed when matter is involved in a chemical change. This
property is related to the composition of the material. The flammability of gasoline can be
determined by burning it, producing carbon dioxide. When pure water undergoes electrolysis
(a process by which electric current passes through water), water decomposes into hydrogen
and oxygen. In these examples, a chemical change takes place to form two completely
different substances. It results in the formation of new chemical substances. A chemical
reaction is usually detected when one of the following is observed: formation of an insoluble
product (precipitate), evolution of gas (bubbles), or change in color.
Table 1.1 lists some physical and chemical properties of a substance-lauric acid. How does
the physical property compare with its chemical property?
Physical Properties Chemical Properties
Crystals are colorless needles and melt at Produces soap when combined with sodium
74°C hydroxide
Insoluble in water but soluble in ethyl alcohol Combines with some medicines for better
Density, 0.883g/Ml absorption by the blood
Table 1.1 Properties of Lauric Acid
OTHER PROPERTIES
Properties of matter may be used to describe them. An extensive property is a
property that changes when the amount of material changes. Examples are mass, length, and
volume. An intensive property does not depend on the size of the material. Temperature,
color, odor, hardness, density, melting and boiling points, and molecular weight are examples
of intensive properties.
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The characteristics of a substance, regardless of its shape and size, are called intrinsic
properties. Color, viscosity, taste, and transparency are examples of intrinsic properties that
cannot be expressed in numbers. Intrinsic properties assigned with definite values are boiling
point, melting point, density, and refractive index. The characteristics of a substance which
pertain only to its appearance including is shape, length, mass, and temperature are called
extrinsic properties.
Activity 2. Physical Property or Chemical Property
Directions: On the spaces provided before each number, write P
physical property and write C if it involves a chemical property. (2 points each number).
____1. Frost forms as the temperature drops on a humid winter night
____2. A cornstalk grows from a seed that is watered and fertilized.
____3. A match ignites to form ash and a mixture of gases.
____4. Perspiration evaporates when you relax after jogging.
____5. A silver fork tarnishes slowly in air.
____6. A scab forms over an open cut.
____7. Paper was cut into different sizes
____9. Purple iodine vapor appears when solid iodine is warmed.
____10. Electric current decomposes water into different substances (hydrogen and
oxygen).
____11. Yellow-green chlorine gas attacks silvery sodium metal to form white crystals of
sodium chloride (table salt.
____12. A magnet separates a mixture of black iron shavings and white sand.
____13. Ice cream melting
____14. An egg turning hard when it is boiled.
____15. Passing an electric current through molten magnesium chloride which yields molten
magnesium and gaseous chlorine.
What Is It
most efficient separation technique.
Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more substances. They can be separated
by physical processes. The method of separating a mixture into its components depends
primarily on the properties of each of the components. The following are the more common
methods of separating a mixture:
3
1. Distillation is used to separate a mixture containing volatile components. This involves
evaporation followed by condensation. Simple distillation is used when the liquid components
in the solution have widely different boiling points or when a dissolved solid remains in the
distilling flask as its solvent distills off. For mixtures of liquids when boiling points vary within a
small range, fractional distillation is recommended. Components of crude oil are separated
into fractions through this process. Petroleum products such as LPG, kerosene, gasoline,
bunker fuel oil, and asphalt are fractions from crude oil.
2. Chromatography is used to separate components from a mixture based on differences in
attraction of these components for a stationary phase (a phase that is immobile) and mobile
phase (a phase where it flows). Other types of chromatography include resin, ion-exchange,
and paper chromatography.
(1)
Activity 3: Other Separation Methods
Directions: Using different resources such as the internet, books, articles, journals, and
textbooks, research on other separation methods used in chemistry. Write the information
gathered below. (5 points each item)
Separation Methods Purpose Examples where these
methods are applied
Decantation
Filtration
Evaporation
4
Activity 4: Chromatography
Directions: you will perform basic chromatography. Prepare all your materials beforehand.
Pass this activity with the deadline indicated by the teacher.
Materials: ordinary filter paper, water-based ink pen (black), Erlenmeyer flask (if available) or
mini coke plastic container (substitute)
Procedure:
1. Cut a small strip of filter paper long enough to reach the bottom of the container or
wide.
2. Using a water-based ink pen, make a small dot
paper.
3. Add enough water to the container to over the bottom of the filter paper but not enough to
reach the ink dot.
[Link] the filter paper in the container with the dotted end facing down.
5. observe and describe what happens to the ink dot.
Illustration of the setup
Questions:
1. What colors rose from the black ink?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. If you were to perform the activity again but this time using an ink of different color (e.g. blue
or red), would you still obtain the same results? Explain (You may try this procedure using a
different ink color to find out)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What practical applications does chromatography have?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Assessing Your Knowledge
Part A: Which of the following properties are extrinsic and intrinsic? Write E if they are
extrinsic and I if they are intrinsic.
____1. Temperature ____6. Density
____2. Volume ____7. Mass
____3. Boiling temperature ____8. Specific gravity
____4. Viscosity ____9. Hardness
____5. Weight ____10. Length
B. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. Describe how you will separate the following components of the following mixture:
a. palay husk from the grain
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
b. dissolved dye from water
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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Lesson
Common Chemical Substances
1.2
Previously, we have learned how the different properties of matter as well as
its composition. We have also discussed separation techniques in different mixtures.
common chemical substances (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-9) and we will try to recognize
them as well as compare consumer products on the basis of their components for
use, safety, quality, and cost (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-1)
Activity 2.1 Name That Element!
Directions: Using your periodic table or your prior knowledge, name the following elements
in the periodic table.
Element Element Name Element Element Name
Symbol Symbol
1 Cl 8 Ir
2 Sn 9 Mg
3 Ti 10 Be
4V 11 Rn
5 Sb 12 F
6 Kr 13 B
7 Xe 14 Tl
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What Is It
Matter can be classified into three types based on its composition elements, compounds,
and mixtures. Elements are two kinds of substances: a substance is matter whose
composition is fixed. Mixtures are not substances because they have a variable composition
1. Elements. An element is the simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical
properties. It consists of only one kind of atom, and, therefore, cannot be broken down into a
simpler type of matter by any physical or chemical methods. Each element has a name, such
as carbon, fluorine, or oxygen. A sample of fluorine contains only fluorine atoms.
In nature, most elements exist as population of atoms, either separated or in contact
with each other, depending on the physical state. Several elements occur in molecular form:
molecule is an independent structure of two or more atoms bound together. Oxygen, for
example, occurs in air as diatomic (two atom) molecules.
2. Compounds. Compounds are substances formed when two or more elements combine
through a chemical change. Sodium chloride, sugar, and water are examples of compounds.
Another feature of a compound is that its properties are different from the properties of its
compound elements. Example: soft, silvery sodium metal and yellow-green, poisonous
chlorine gas are very different from the compound they form- white, crystalline sodium
chloride, or table salt!
Unlike an element, a compound can be broken down into simpler substances. For
example, am electric current breaks down molten sodium chloride into metallic sodium and
chlorine gas.
3. Mixtures. A mixture consists of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that
are mixed together. Because a mixture is NOT a substance, the components of a mixture can
vary in their parts by mass. For example, a mixture of the compounds sodium chloride and
water can have different parts by mass of salt to water. A mixture also retains many of the
properties of its components.
(1)
Activity 2.2 Research It!
Directions: Using various search engines, books, and the Internet, research the name or
the formula of the different compounds as well as its uses. #1 will serve as an example.
Common Name Uses
Compounds
(Formula)
1 H2O Water or dihydrogen oxide Most common solvent, we use
it everyday life as we take a
bath, cook our food, and
sustain life
2 SO3
3 CH4
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4 NH3
5 N2O
6 K2SO4
7 H2O2
8 Hydrofluoric acid
9 Hypobromous acid
10 NO
11
MnSO4
12 Perchlorate
13 Cyanide
14 BaO2
15 NaNO2
16 CaCO3
CHEMISTRY IN INDUSTRY
Many science principles are applied in industries. Industrialization not only uplifts the
quality of human existence, but also propels nation to higher levels of economic prosperity.
Many pure substances and mixtures, organic or inorganic in nature, are now
commercially manufactured and used by school and government laboratories, households, or
industries as raw materials for intermediary or final products. They undergo hundreds of test
before they are sold in the market.
Substances may be pure or impure, knowledge of the properties of the components in
the mixture facilitates the manufacture of products to a certain degree of purity. For example,
impure mineral ores are processed into useful metals.
Materials exist in gas, solid, or liquid states. Packing them may pose a problem. Materials used
as containers are carefully chosen to ensure that no harmful reactions will take place between the
content and the container. The container must be free from outside contamination.
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(2)
Activity 2.3 Becoming a Better Consumer
Directions: Research or read on the different components or ingredients of the following
items. On the third column, decide whether it is safe, has good quality, or for a good price.
Product or Components/Ingredients Safe? Good Good Will I
Item Quality? price? buy?
1. junk food Salt, corn, monosodium X X No
glutamate (vetsin)
2. soft drink
3 lollipop
4 deodorant
5 detergent
6 shampoo
Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important to know the components or ingredients of the items/products that we
use every day?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What harmful components have you find out from the items above? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. What other options do you have in mind if some of the products have harmful to use?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned
Activity 2.4
Direction: Make a flash card of the information in this module that struck you the most. Attach
a minimum of 10 flash cards in your answer sheet when you pass it. Remember, be creative
as you can be.
Materials: Short bond paper cut in 1/8 size crosswise.
Procedure: The front portion of the flash card should contain a question about the lessons in
this module and at the back of the card, write the answer of the question you wrote.
This activity is essential in helping you retain the knowledge you acquired! Write it down to
remember!
Post Assessment
Directions: Choose the best answer among the choices. Encircle the letter of your
answer.
1. What is matter?
A. building blocks to make up organisms C. molecules that makes up all things
B. anything that is measured and seen D. none of the above
2. Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to separate the mixture of
liquids in crude oil?
A. distillation C. chromatography
B. evaporation D. fractional distillation
3. Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to separate a mixture of
different colored ink?
A. chromatography C. evaporation
B. distillation D. filtration
4. which process is a chemical change?
A. heating to boiling C. slicing into two pieces
B. burning in air D. dissolving in alcohol
5. Which of the following is an example of an element?
A. soil C. water
B. sugar D. oxygen
6. Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
A. mass C. density
B. color D. boiling point
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7. glass breaking is an example of..?
A. chemical property C. chemical change
B. physical property D. physical change
8. Tony Stark, a consumer with light colored hair, would like to buy shampoo but he saw that
it contains high amounts of sulfate. What should Tony do?
A. buy the shampoo C. find a sulfate free shampoo
B. test the shampoo D. find alternatives to shampoo
9. What is the chemical formula of chalk?
A. CaCO3 C. CaCO
B. COOH D. CaCO2
[Link] is one of the importance of knowing the compositions of a product?
A. so we can save money C. so we can use it safely
B. so we can know the quality D. all of the choices
SUMMARY:
Physical properties are properties not responsible for any change in the
composition of a substance, though its form may change.
Chemical properties involve chemical change which forms two completely
different substances.
Extensive property is that which changes when the amount of material
undergoes change. Examples of this property are mass, length, and volume.
Intensive property does not depend on the size or amount of the substance.
Examples of this property are temperature, color, odor, hardness, density,
melting and boiling point, and molecular weight.
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