Steam turbine General Description
Description
Construction, Steam Flow LP Turbine
The turbine is a tandem compound machine with The casing of the double-flow LP cylinder is of
separate HP,IP and LP sections. The HP section three-shell design. The shells are horizontally
being a single-flow cylinder and the IP and LP split and are of rigid welded construction. The
sections double-flow cylinders. The turbine innermost shell, which carries the first rows of
rotors and the generator rotor are connected by stationary blades, is supported so as to allow
rigid couplings. thermal expansion within the intermediate shell.
The HP turbine is throttle controlled. The initial
The intermediate shell rests at four points on
steam is admitted ahead of the blading via two
longitudinal girders, independent of the outer
main stop and control valve combinations. A
shell. Guide blade carriers, carrying the last
swing check valve is installed in the line leading
stationary blade rows are also attached to the
from HP turbine exhaust to the Reheater to
intermediate shell.
prevent hot steam from the reheater flowing
Blading
back into the HP turbine.
The steam coming from the Reheater is passed The entire turbine is provided with reaction
to the IP turbine via two reheat stop and control blading. The stationary and moving blades of the
valve combinations. Cross around pipes connect HP and IP sections and the front rows of the LP
the IP and LP cylinders. Connections are turbine are designed with integrally milled
provided at several points of the turbine for inverted T -roots and shrouds. The last stages of
feedwater extraction purpose. the LP turbine are fitted with twisted drop -forged
moving blades with fir-tree roots engaging in
HP Turbine, Barrel Type Casing grooves in the shaft with last stage stationary
The outer casing of the HP turbine is of the blades made from sheet steel.
barrel type and has neither an axial nor a radial Bearings
flange. his prevents mass concentration which The HP rotor is supported on two bearings, a
would have caused high thermal stresses. The journal bearing at its front end, and a combined
almost perfect asymmetric design of the casing journal and thrust bearing immediately next to
permits moderate and nearly uniform wall the coupling to the IP rotor. The IP and LP rotors
thickness at all sections. The inner casing is have a journal bearing each at rear end. The
axially split and supported so as to be free to
combined journal and thrust bearing
move in response to thermal expansion. As only
incorporates a journal bearing and a thrust
slight pressure differences are effective, the
bearing which takes up residual thrust from both
horizontal flange and joint bolts of the inner
directions. The bearing metal temperatures are
casing can be kept small. The barrel type casing
measured by thermocouples directly under the
permits flexibility of operation in the form of short
babbit lining. The temperature of the thrust
start-up times and a high rate of change of load
even at high initial steam conditions. bearing is measured in two opposite thrust pads.
IP Turbine The bearing pedestals are anchored to the
The IP turbine section is of single flow foundation by means of anchor bolts and are
construction with horizontally split casings. fixed in position.
Allowance is made for thermal movement of the The HP and IP turbines rest with their lateral
inner casing within the outer casing. The inner support horns on the bearing pedestals at the
casing carries the stationary blading. The turbine centerline level. The HP and IP casings
reheated steam enters the inner casing from top are connected with the bearing pedestals by
and bottom. The provision of an inner casing
casing guides, which
confines high steam inlet conditions to the
establish the centerline alignment of the turbine
admission section of this casing, while the joint
casing.
flange of the outer casing is subjected only to
The axial position of the HP and IP casings is
the lower pressure and temperature effective at
fixed at the support brackets on HP-IP bearing
the exhaust from the inner casing.
pedestal.
BHEL Haridwar 2-0002-05/1
The fixed point for the LP casing is at the front Turbine Control System
point of support on the longitudinal girder. The turbine has an electrohydraulic control
Thermal expansion of the casings originates system. An electric system measures speed and
from the fixed points. output and controls them by operating the
control valves hydraulically via an
Shaft Seal and Blade Tip Sealing electrohydraulic converter. The electrohydraulic
All shaft seals, which seal the steam in the controller ensures controlled acceleration of the
casings against atmosphere, are axial-flow turbine-generator up to rated speed and limits
type. They consist of a large number of thin seal speed overshoot in the event of sudden load
strips which, in the HP and IP turbines are rejection. The linear power frequency
caulked alternately into grooves in the shafts droopcharacteristic can be adjusted in fine steps
and the surrounding seal rings. In the LP even
turbine, the seal strips are caulked only into the when the turbine is running.
seal rings. Seal strips of similar design are also
used to seal the radial blade tip clearances.
Turbine Monitoring System
Valves
In addition to measuring and display instruments
The HP turbine is fitted with two main stop and for pressure, temperatures, valve lifts and
control valves. One main stop valve and one speed, the monitoring system also includes
control valve with stems arranged at right angles instruments for measuring and indicating the
to each other are combined in a common body. following parameters:
The main stop valves are spring-action single-
seat valves; the control valves, also of single- Rotor expansion measured at the rear-
seat design, have diffusers to reduce pressure bearing pedestal of the LP turbine
losses. Axial shift measured at the HP-IP pedestal
Bearing pedestal vibration, measured at all
These valve combinations are located at both turbine bearings
sides of the turbine with their stems horizontal. Shaft vibration measured at all turbine
The HP valves are connected to the turbine by bearings
easily separable collar couplings, which contain
self-sealing U-rings as sealing elements. Oil Supply System
The IP turbine has two reheat stop and control A common oil supply system lubricates and
valves. The reheat stop valves are spring-action cools the bearings . The main oil pump is driven
single-seat valves. The control valves, also by the turbine shaft and draws oil from the main
spring-loaded, have diffusers. The control valves oil tank. Auxiliary oil pumps maintain the oil
operate in parallel and are fully open in the supply on start-up and shutdown, during turning
upper load range. In the lower load range, they gear operation and when the main oil pump is
control the steam flow to the IP turbine and faulted. DC Emergency oil pump supplies oil to
ensure stable operation even when the turbine- the bearings during AC power failures.
generator unit is supplying only the station load.
A Jacking oil pump forces high-pressure oil
The reheat stop and control valves are under the shaft journals to prevent boundary
supported free to move in response to thermal lubrication during turning gear operation. The
expansion on the foundation cover plate below Jacking oil pump also supplies the high pressure
the operating floor and in front of the turbine- oil to the Hydraulic Turning gear motor. The
generator unit. All valves are actuated by lubricating and cooling oil is passed through oil
individual hydraulic servomotors. coolers before entering the bearings.
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