MAPEH REVIEWER - 2ND GRADING
Music of the Classical Period (1750 - 1820)
Also called “age of reason”. Cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians
and artists generally influenced the arts.
In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature,
and the arts. Known as classicism. A style of broken chord accompaniment called alberti bass was
practiced.
characteristics of the classical era were formal, elegant, simple, freed, and dignified. Harmony and
texture is homophonic in general. The dynamics of loud and soft was clearly shown through the
extensive use of crescendo and diminuendo.
The great composers of the period were:
Franz Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Ludwig Van Beethoven
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732 - 1809)
He was one of the most prominent composers of the Classical Period.
His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but with touches of
humor.
He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large
orchestra.
He was named, “Father of the Symphony” although he excelled in every music genre of the period.
Most of his Symphonie have nicknames such as the “Surprise Symphony,” “The Clock,” “The
Military.”
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756 - 1791)
a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history.
At age five, he was already playing the violin and the harpsichord.
At six, he was recognized as an exceptional pianist and,
At seven, he was already composing excellent music.
At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and
operettas.
“The Marriage of Figaro” (1786)
“Don Giovanni” (1789)
“The Magic Flute” became popular.
“Eine kleine Nachtmusik.”
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770 - 1827)
A tormented genius, who went deaf in later life and never heard his final works. He was a talented
pianist and composer.
“FATHER OF SONATA”
His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818-1823) and opera “Fidelio” (1805). His known
symphonies are Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral), which adds voices
to the orchestra.
"Für Elise“ and “The Moonlight Sonata” were also some of his notable compositions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BEETHOVEN’S WORKS
● veered toward larger orchestras.
● Sound was centered on the violas and lower registers of the violins and cellos to give his
music a darker mood.
● All themes in a piece are tied together by one motif.
● He developed musical themes and motifs extensively by means of modulation (the change
from one key to another).
● He used more brass instruments and dynamics.
VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
SONATA
type of musical composition, usually for a solo instrument or a small instrumental ensemble, that
typically consists of two to four movements, or sections.
Sonata came from the word sonare which means “to make sound”
CONCERTO
an instrumental composition, written for one or more soloists accompanied by an orchestra or other
ensemble.
SYMPHONY
A multi-movement works for orchestra, symphony is derived from the word sinfonia which means “a
harmonious sounding together”
CLASSICAL OPERA
Opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting.
The two distinct styles of opera, Opera Seria and Opera Buffa, were developed during the Classical
Period.
OPERA SERIA
The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological
characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period. “Idomeneo” by Mozart is an example of
Opera Seria.
OPERA BUFFA The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters and
situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags,
naughty humor and social satire.
SONATA ALLEGRO FORM
Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme.
Development - is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed.
Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition.
ARTS - 2ND GRADING
RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE ART
Renaissance Period (1400-1600)
Renaissance was the period of economic progress. The period stirred enthusiasm for the study of
ancient philosophy and artistic values.
The Italian Renaissance began in the late 14th century. It was an era of great artistic and intellectual
achievement with the birth of secular art. The focus was on realistic and humanistic art.
Renaissance painters depicted real-life figures and their sculptures were naturalistic portraits of
human beings.
Architecture during this period was characterized by its symmetry and balance.
The Renaissance was a period of artistic experimentation. It brought man into a full view just like the
human figure in Greek Art.
The greatest cathedral building of the age was the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
FAMOUS RENAISSANCE ARTWORKS AND ARTISTS
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)
Michelangelo was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.
He was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he was considered as
one of the greatest artists of all time.
A number of his works in paintings, sculpture, and architecture rank among the famous in existence.
Among his outstanding works as sculptor were the following: Pieta, Bacchus, Moses, David, Dying
Slave, Dawn and Dusk.
Two of his best-known works, The Pieta and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty
He also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: the scenes
from Genesis on the ceiling and the Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci (1452-1519)
Leonardo Da Vinci was a painter, architect, scientist, and mathematician. He was popularized in
present times through the novel and movie, “Da Vinci Code.”
He is known as the ultimate “Renaissance man” because of his intellect, interest, talent and his
expression of humanist and classical values. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest
painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person to have ever lived.
His well-known works were: The Last Supper (the most reproduced religious painting of all time), and
the Mona Lisa (the most famous and most parodied portrait.)
His other works were: The Vitruvian Mar, The Adoration of the Magi, and the Virgin of the Rocks.
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Raphael) (1483-1520)
Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance period.
His work was admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of
interpreting the Divine and incorporating Christian doctrines.
Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he formed the
traditional trinity of great masters of that period.
His main contributions to art were his unique draftsmanship and compositional skills.
His famous works were: The Sistine Madonna, The School of Athens, and The Transfiguration
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi (Donatello) (1386-1466)
Donatello was one of the Italian great artists of the [Link] was an early Renaissance Italian
sculptor from Florence.
He worked with stone, bronze, wood, clay, stucco, and wax, and had several assistants, with four
perhaps being a typical number.
He is known for his work in base relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture.
His works included the following statues and relief: David, Statue of [Link], Equestrian
Monument of Gattamelata, Prophet Habacuc, and The Feast of Herod.
Baroque Art (1600-1800)
The term Baroque was derived from the Portuguese word barocco which means “irregularly shaped
pearl or stone”
Baroque was a period of artists' styles in exaggerated motion, drama, tension, and grandeur.
The Roman Catholic Church highly encouraged the Baroque style to
Propagate Christianity while the aristocracy used Baroque style for architecture and arts to impress
visitors, express triumph, power, and
Control.
Baroque painting illustrated key elements of Catholic dogma, either directly in Biblical works or
indirectly in imaginary or symbolic work.
Baroque sculpture, typically larger than life size, is marked by a similar sense of dynamic movement,
along with an active use of space.
Baroque architecture was designed to create spectacle and illusion. Thus, the straight lines of the
Renaissance were replaced with flowing curves.
FAMOUS BAROQUE ARTWORKS AND ARTISTS
Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571-1610)
He was an Italian artist who wanted to deviate /turn out from the classical masters of the
Renaissance.
He was an outcast in his Society, because of his own actions and the lack of modesty and reverence
for religious subjects in his
own paintings.
Among of his famous paintings were Supper at Emmaus, Conversion
Of St. Paul, and Entombment of Christ.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
Bernini was an Italian artist and the first Baroque artist.
He practiced architecture and sculpture, painting, stage design, and was
also a playwright.
He was the greatest Baroque sculptor and architect as seen in his design of the Piazza San Pietro in
front of the Basilica.
Among his early works were: The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and
a Faun, Damned Soul, and the Blessed Soul.
Peter paul rubens (1577-1640)
Ruben was a Flemish Baroque painter. He was well known for his paintings of mythical and figurative
subjects, landscapes, portraits, and Counter
Reformation altarpieces.
His famous works were Samson and Delilah, Landscape with a Tower, Portrait of Helene Fourment
and the Three Graces.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669)
Dutch realist and painter. His well-known work was his “Self portrait in
Old Age.”
Rembrandt Had Produced Over 600 Paintings,nearly 400 sketchings, and 2,000 drawings.
Diego Velasquez (1599-1660)
Painter of the Spanish Golden age.
His famous works were: The Surrender of Breda, Las Meninas (The Maids of Honour), Los Barachos
(The Drinker), and Maria theresa.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION - 2ND GRADING
SOCIAL DANCES AND DANCE MIXERS
Social dances and dance mixers are primarily intended to get to know other people.
They are also called ballroom dances. Ballroom dances are usually performed in pairs: male and
female. Sometimes, it is performed by a group.
DANCE SPORT
A popular dance, considered as a part of the tradition or custom of a particular people.
DANCE MIXERS
are social dances that allow a group of performers to change partners periodically while dancing to
allow chance to get to know other members of the performing group. The major purpose of dance
mixers is to maximize the social dimension of the dance.
WHAT TO WEAR
FORMAL
GENTLEMEN - Tailcoat, Tuxedo Coat, Regular Coat, Bow Tie or Regular Necktie, Black Trouser
LADIES- Ball Gown, Evening Gown, Dinner Gown, Cocktail Gown
SEMI-FORMAL
GENTLEMEN - Dress Shirt and Tie, Vest or Sweater that shows the Tie
LADIES - Dinner Dresses, Flowing Pants
DRESSY CASUAL - (PRACTICES, DANCE LESSONS)
GENTLEMEN - Solid Color T-shirts, Turtleneck, Polo Shirt, Cotton Slacks
LADIES - Anything that displays a conservative, toned-down appearance
LATIN
GENTLEMEN - Button-up shirt, Solid T-shirt, Turtleneck, Dress Slacks, Bright Colorful Outfits are
Accepted
LADIES - Sexy Outfits and Long Slit skirts, Low Neck-lines and Exposed Midriffs are popular
DON'TS
Do not wear sneakers or any shoes with rubber or spongy sole. They can stick to the dance floor
during turns and spins that may cause knee and ankle injuries. Always wear dance shoes.
Avoid sleeveless shirts and strapped dresses. It's not pleasant to have your partner touch your damp
skin
Avoid shaggy, baggy, low armpit upper shirts. Partner's hand may get caught in the baggy sleeves.
Avoid accessories like big rings, watches, brooches, loose/long necklaces and big belt buckles. They
can be dangerous. They can get caught in their partner's clothing, causing scratches and bruises.
BEFORE THE DANCE
Shower And Use A Deodorant
Brush Your Teeth And Use Mouthwash/ Breath Mint
Abstain From Foods That Produce Strong Odor
Don't Smoke, It Causes Foul Mouth And Clothing Odor
DURING THE DANCE
Check Your Grooming Periodically
Freshen Up And Towel Off Periodically In The Bathroom
Carrying An Extra Shirt Is Advisable For Men In Case They Need To Change
ON THE DANCE FLOOR
Line Of Direction (Counter Clockwise)
While on the Floor (avoid colliding with other pairs)
Be Polite (Thank or Compliment your Partner)
Accompany your Partner back to their Seat
Don't do aerial choreography yourself. They require training by a qualified instructor. They may eat up
space and disturb other dancers or cause injuries with other dancing pairs on the dance floor.
NO FAULT DANCING
Never blame your partner for missed execution of figures
Dance to the level of your partner
The show must go on, say "sorry" to your partner if something went wrong.
DEMANEOR
be personable, smile and make eye contact with your partner.
protect a positive image on the dance floor even if it's not your personal style.
dance at the level of your partner.
if you don't know the dance, be honest, refuse promptly if asked to dance.
no teaching on the floor, it may insult your partner.
do not cut other dancers off.
AMERICAN LATIN DANCES
It can be determined through the costume worn by the performer.
It is revealing, tight-fitting, sexy and sophisticated in nature.
It can be performed in an open or close hold. It can also be easily determined by the nature of the
movement. The movement shows rhythmic expression, sensual, and spicy style.
CHA-CHA-CHA - CUBA
It is a lively, fun, cheeky and playful dance.
RUMBA - CUBA
It is recognized for the subtle side to side hip movements with the erect torso.
SAMBA - BRAZIL
It is known for the simple forward and backward steps and tilting, and rocking body movements.
PASO-DOBLE - SPAIN
It is an energetic dance modeled after the drama of the Spanish bullfight.
JIVE/BOOGIE - USA
very happy, lively dance, with many knee-lifting, bending, and rocking of the hips.
SWING - USA
an energetic style of dancing in which a dancer often lifts, spins and flips his or her partner.
MERENGUE - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
a fun, fast and easy dance made up of simple steps. It is composed of a non-progressive dance, but
can also travel counterclockwise around the floor.
SALSA - CUBA
a combination of many Latin and Afro-Caribbean dances whose movements were coming from the
Cuban Son, Cha-Cha -Cha, Mambo and other dance forms.
MAMBO - CUBA
a fast and spicy dance. The Cuban motion, staccato movement and expression of rhythm through the
body is noticeable.
MODERN STANDARD DANCES
The performers wear ankle-length gowns for females and coat-and-tie for males.
Most of the time, they perform close ballroom positions. However, if it is Dancesport, it is strict to do a
close ballroom position.
SLOW WALTZ - AUSTRIA
smooth dance that travels around the dance floor. It is easy to recognize slow waltz because of the
“rise and fall” action.
TANGO - ARGENTINA
a vibrant and playful dance between two people. It is very rich in expression, improvisation and
connection.
VIENNESE WALTZ - VIENNA
It is known for its noticeable gracefulness and constant, wide-sweeping turns along with its fast
tempo.
FOXTROT - USA
a beautiful, romantic dance that consists of fairly simple walking steps and side steps.
QUICK STEP - USA
suited for both formal and informal events because of the upbeat melodies that Quickstep is danced
to. The dance steps can be described as fast, powerfully flowing, sprinkled with syncopation.
DANCESPORT
It is a competitive ballroom dancing as opposed to a social exhibition.
SOCIAL DANCING
It is a non-competitive version of ballroom dancing and Latin dancing.
HIP HOP DANCE
It is a unique and exciting style of dance, with more upbeat music.
BALLET DANCING
It is a theatrical art form using dancing, music, and scenery to convey a story.
HEALTH - 2ND GRADING
DRUG SCENARIO IN THE PHILIPPINES
Agencies that related on drugs
(DDB) Dangerous Drugs Board
(PNP) Philippine National Police
(NBI) National Bureau of Investigation
(PDEA) Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
(DepEd) Department of Education
(DSWD) Department of Social Welfare and Development
(LGU) Local Government units
(NGO) non-government organization
COMMON CONCEPTS IN DRUG EDUCATION
DRUGS - a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise
introduced into the body.
DRUG OF ABUSE - a drug that is taken for non medicinal reasons (usually for mind-altering effects);
drug abuse can lead to physical and mental damage and (with some substances) dependence and
addiction
DRUG OF DEPENDENCE - is a biopsychological situation where-by an individual's functionality is
dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance, because of an adaptive
state that has developed within the individual.
DRUG MISUSE - is the use of a substance incoherent or inconsistent with the prescribed dosage or
frequency of use.
DRUG ABUSE - refers to the use of certain chemicals for the purpose of creating pleasurable effects
on the brain.
DRUG TOLERANCE - happens when a person no longer responds to a drug in the way they did at
first. So, it takes a higher dose of the drug to achieve the same effect as when the person first used it.
DRUG OF ABUSE
Three major drugs of abuse in the philippines.
Methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu
Cannabis sativa or marijuana
Inhalants or solvent
[Link] DRUGS
Drugs that a non-drug user might try which can lead him or her to more dangerous drugs such as
marijuana and shabu.
Some common examples of these are cigarettes and alcohol, which are not allowed to the minors.
