Experiment: 1

SALT ANALYSIS
Anionic Analysis:
Dilute acid group: CO32-, NO2-, SO32-, S2-
Conc. acid group: Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, C2O42-, CH3COO-
Special group: SO42-, PO43-

S. Experiment Observation Inference

No.
Carbonate ion (CO32-)
1. Salt + dilute H2SO4 Colorless, odorless CO2 may be
gas released with
effervescence
2. Above gas passed through lime Lime water turns CO2 may be
water solution milky.
3. Above gas passed through lime Milky solution turns CO2 may be
water solution in excess colourless
4. Above gas passed through pink The colour of the CO2
coloured KMnO4 solution solution does not confirm.
change.
5. Aqueous solution of the salt + White ppt CO32-
MgSO4 solution confirm.

Sulphite ion ( SO32-)

1. Salt + dilute H2SO4 Colorless gas with SO2 may be
the smell of burning
sulphur released
2. Above gas passed through lime Lime water turns SO2 may be
water solution milky.
3. Above gas passed through lime Milky solution turns SO2 may be
water solution in excess colourless
4. Above gas passed through pink The colour of the SO2 confirm.
coloured KMnO4 solution solution changes from
pink to colourless.
5. Above gas passed through orange The colour of the SO2 confirm.
coloured K2Cr2O7 solution solution changes from
orange to green.
6. Aqueous solution of the salt + White ppt SO32- may
BaCl2 solution be
7. Above ppt + dilute HCl White ppt dissolved SO32-
to form a colourless confirm.
solution.

Sulphide ion (S2-)

1. Salt + dilute H2SO4 Colourless gas with a H2S may be
smell of rotten eggs
released
2. Brought a paper dipped in lead The paper turned H2S confirm.
acetate (CH3COO)2 Pb solution silvery black due to
near the mouth of the test tube the formation of PbS.
3. Aqueous solution of the salt + Purple colouration S2- confirm.
few drops of sodium due to the formation
nitroprusside solution Na2 of Na4 [Fe(CN)5NOS]
[Fe(CN)5NO]

Nitrite ion (NO2-)

1. Salt + dilute H2SO4 Light brown coloured NO gas
gas released which may be
intensifies on heating which on
reaction
with
atmospheric
oxygen
turns NO2
2. Brought a paper dipped in ferrous The paper turns NO gas
sulphate solution near the mouth black/ brown confirm.
of the test tube
3. Salt solution + diphenylamine A deep blue colour NO2-
solution obtained. confirm.
4. Salt solution + 1 ml of acetic acid Blue black ppt NO2-
+ half a pinch of solid KI + 2-4 confirm.
drops of freshly prepared starch
solution

Nitrate ion (NO3-)

1. Salt + conc. H2SO4 → heat Reddish brown gas NO2 gas
released may be
2. Added copper turnings or paper Brown colour of the NO2
pellets to the above mixture gas intensified confirm.
3. Salt solution + diphenylamine A deep blue colour NO3-
solution obtained. confirm.
4. Brown Ring test- Salt solution + Brown ring obtained NO3-
freshly prepared ferrous sulphate at the junction of two confirm.
solution + conc H2SO4 by the liquids
sides of the test tube
Acetate ion (CH3COO-)
1. Salt + conc. H2SO4 Vinegar like smell CH3COO-
may be
2. Salt + a pinch of oxalic acid + 2-3 Vinegar like smell CH3COO-
drops of water → rub may be
3. Salt solution + neutral FeCl3 Red colouration CH3COO-
solution confirm.
4. Above solution heated. Reddish brown ppt CH3COO-
confirm.
5. Salt solution + 1 ml ethanol + 1 Fruity odour CH3COO-
ml conc. H2SO4 → heat confirm.

Chloride ion (Cl-)

1. Salt + conc. H2SO4 → heat Colourless gas with HCl gas may
pungent smell be.
2. Brought a rod dipped in NH4OH Dense white fumes HCl gas
near the mouth of the test tube obtained. confirm.
3. Salt solution + dilute HNO3 + White ppt Cl- may be.
AgNO3 solution
4. Above ppt + NH4OH in excess Ppt dissolved to form Cl- confirm.
a colourless solution
5. Chromyl Chloride test – Salt + Red vapours obtained Cl- may be.
solid K2Cr2O7 + conc. H2SO4 →
heat
6. Above red vapours passed NaOH solution turned Cl- may be.
through NaOH solution yellow.
7. Yellow solution + CH3COOH Yellow ppt Cl- confirm.
(CH3COO)2Pb solution

Bromide ion (Br-)

1. Salt + conc. H2SO4 → heat Reddish brown gas Br- may be.
with pungent smell
2. Brought a paper dipped in starch Orange red stains Br- may be.
solution near the mouth of the test
tube
2. Salt solution + dilute HNO3 + Light yellow ppt Br- may be.
AgNO3 solution
3. Above ppt + NH4OH in excess Ppt is sparingly Br- confirm.
soluble.
4. Layer test/ Chlorine water test- An orange colour Br- confirm.
Salt solution + 1 ml of CS2 / CCl4 obtained in the
+ 1 ml of chlorine water → shake organic layer.
vigorously.

Iodide ion (I-)

1. Salt + conc. H2SO4 → heat Violet coloured gas I- may be.
with pungent smell
released.
2. Brought a paper dipped in starch Blue black stains I- may be.
solution near the mouth of the test
tube
3. Salt solution + dilute HNO3 + yellow ppt I- may be.
AgNO3 solution
4. Above ppt + NH4OH in excess Ppt is insoluble. I- confirm.
5. Layer test/ Chlorine water test- A violet colour I- confirm.
Salt solution + 1 ml of CS2 / CCl4 obtained in the
+ 1 ml of chlorine water → shake organic layer.
vigorously.

Oxalate ion (C2O42-)

1. Salt + conc. H2SO4 → heat Colourless gas CO2 may be
released with
effervescence
2. Above gas passed through lime Lime water turns CO2 may be
water solution milky.
3. Above gas passed through lime Milky solution turns CO2 may be
water solution in excess colourless
4. Salt solution + CH3COOH → White ppt C2O42- may
boil off CO2 + CaCl2 solution + be.
dilute HNO3 → boil
5. Above solution + 3-4 drops of Pink colour turns C2O42-
KMnO4 solution colourless. confirm.

Sulphate ion (SO42-)

1. Salt solution + dilute HCl + Whit ppt SO42- may be
BaCl2 solution
2. Above ppt + dilute HCl/ dilute Ppt remains insoluble. SO42-
HNO3 confirm.
3. Salt solution+ CH3COOH + White ppt SO42- may be
(CH3COO)2Pb solution
4. Above ppt + hot CH3COONH4 in Ppt dissolves to form SO42-
excess a colourless solution confirm.

Phosphate ion (PO43-)

1. Salt solution + conc. HNO3→ Canary yellow ppt PO43-
boil + ammonium molybdate confirm.
solution (NH4)2MoO4→ boil

Equations involved:
Carbonate ion (CO32-)
CO32- + 2H+ → CO2 + H2O
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
Lime water white ppt
CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 → Ca(HCO3)2
Colourless solution
CO3 + Mg → MgCO3
2- 2+

White ppt.
Sulphite ion (SO32-)
Na2SO3 + H2SO4 ⎯→ Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2 ⎯→ K2SO4 + H2O + Cr2 (SO4)3
Chromium sulphate (green)
SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 ⎯→ K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O + 5 [O]
pink colourless
solution
Na2SO3 + BaCl2 ⎯→ 2NaCl + BaSO3
White ppt
BaSO3 + 2HCl ⎯→ BaCl2 + H2O + SO2
Nitrite ion (NO2-)
2NaNO2 + H2SO4 ⎯→ Na2SO4 + 2HNO2
3HNO2 ⎯→ HNO3 + 2NO + H2O
2NO + O2 ⎯→ 2NO2
Brown gas
NO2 + CH3COOH ⎯→ HNO2 + CH3COO–
–

2HNO2 + 2KI + 2CH3COOH ⎯→ 2CH3COOK + 2H2O + 2NO + I2

I2 + Starch ⎯→ Blue complex

Sulphide ion(S2-)
Na2S + H2SO4 ⎯→ Na2SO4 + H2S
(CH3COO)2Pb + H2S ⎯→ PbS + 2 CH3COOH
Black ppt
Na2S + Na2 [Fe(CN)5NO] ⎯→ Na4[Fe(CN)5NOS]
Sodium nitroprusside Complex of Purple colour
-
Nitrate ion (NO3 )
NaNO3 + H2SO4 ⎯→ NaHSO4 + HNO3
4HNO3 ⎯→ 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O
2NaNO3 + 4H2SO4 + 3Cu ⎯→3 CuSO4 + Na2SO4 + 4H2O + 2NO
NaNO3 + H2SO4 ⎯→ NaHSO4 + HNO3
6 FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3 ⎯→ 3Fe2 (SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO
FeSO4 + NO ⎯→ [Fe(NO)]SO4
Nitrosoferrous sulphate (brown ring)
Acetate ion (CH3COO-)
3 CH3COO– + Fe3+ ⎯→ (CH3COO)3 Fe
Red colouration
CH3COONa + H2SO4 ⎯→ Na2SO4 + 2 CH3COOH
CH3COOH + C2H5OH ⎯→ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Ethylacetate (Fruity odour)
2-
Oxalate ion (C2O4 )
(COONa)2 + Conc. H2SO4 ⎯→ Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 ↑ + CO ↑
CaCl2 + Na2C2O4 ⎯→ 2NaCl + CaC2O4
Calcium oxalate (White precipitate)
CaC2O4 + H2SO4 ⎯→ CaSO4 + H2C2O4
Calcium sulphate Oxalic acid
2 KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2C2O4 ⎯→ 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O + 10CO2
Chloride ion (Cl-)
NaCl + H2SO4 ⎯→ NaHSO4 + HCl
 Colourless gas
HCl + NH3 ⎯→ NH4Cl Ammonium chloride (White fumes)
NaCl + AgNO3 ⎯→ NaNO3 + AgCl
Silver chloride (White precipitate)

AgCl + 2 NH4OH ⎯→ 2H2O + [Ag(NH3)2 ]Cl

Diammine silver (I) chloride
4NaCl + K2Cr2O7 + 6 H2SO4 ⎯→ 2KHSO4+ 2CrO2Cl2 + 4 NaHSO4 + 3H2O
Chromyl chloride
CrO2Cl2 + 4 NaOH ⎯→ Na2CrO4 + 2 NaCl + 2H2O
(CH3COO)2Pb + Na2CrO4 ⎯→ PbCrO4 + 2 CH3COONa
Yellow ppt
-
Bromide ion (Br )
2NaBr + 2 H2SO4 ⎯→ Br2 + SO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O
NaBr + AgNO3 ⎯→ NaNO3 + AgBr
Silver bromide (Pale yellow precipitate)
-
Iodide ion (I )
2NaI + 2 H2SO4 ⎯→ Na2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O + I2
I2 + Starch ⎯→ Blue colour
NaI + AgNO3 ⎯→ NaNO3 + AgI
Sulphate ion (SO42-)
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 ⎯→ 2 NaCl + BaSO4
Barium sulphate (White precipitate).
Na2SO4 + (CH3COO)2Pb ⎯→ 2 CH3COONa + PbSO4
Lead sulphate (White precipitate)
3-
Phosphate ion (PO4 )
Na2HPO4 + 12 (NH4)2 MoO4 + 23 HNO3 ⎯→ 2NaNO3 + 21 NH4NO3 + 12H2O+
(NH4)3[P (Mo3O10)4]
Canary yellow ppt
Cationic Analysis:

Group Group Reagent Cations Chemical form of

the ppt
0 - NH4+
I Dilute HCl Pb2+ PbCl2 (white)
II H2S gas in an acidic medium Pb2+ PbS (black)
or presence of dilute HCl Cu2+ CuS (black)
As3+ As2S3 (yellow)
III NH4Cl solid + NH4OH Al3+ Al(OH)3 (gel white)
 Fe3+ Fe(OH)3 (brown)
IV H2S gas in an alkaline Zn2+ ZnS (dirty white)
medium or presence of Co2+ CoS (black)
NH4Cl + NH4OH Ni2+ NiS (black)
Mn2+ MnS (flesh/buff)
V (NH4)2CO3 in presence of Ba2+, BaCO3 (white)
NH4Cl + NH4OH Sr2+ SrCO3 (white)
Ca2+ CaCO3 (white)
VI Na2HPO4: Disodium hydrogen Mg2+ Mg(NH4)PO4
phosphate (white)

[Link]. Experiment Observation Inference

Group 0
1. Salt + NaOH → warm Pungent smelling Group 0
colourless gas present.
released.
2. Brought a rod dipped in conc. Dense white fumes NH4+ may
HCl near the mouth of the test released. be
tube
3. OS + Nesseler’s reagent (K2HgI4) Brown ppt NH4+
confirm.
Group I
1. Salt + NaOH → warm No pungent smelling Group 0
colourless gas absent.
released.
2. OS + dilute HCl White ppt Group I
present
3. Above ppt dissolved in hot water
and divided the solution into two
parts:
Part I + KI solution Yellow ppt Pb2+
confirm
Part II + K2CrO4 solution Yellow ppt which is Pb2+
soluble in NaOH confirm
Group II
1. Salt + NaOH → warm No pungent smelling Group 0
colourless gas absent.
released.
2. OS + dilute HCl No white ppt Group I
absent
3. Above solution + H2S gas Ppt obtained Group II
present
Black ppt Cu2+ may be
Yellow ppt As3+ may be
Cu2+
4. Above ppt dissolved in dissolved
in conc.HNO3 and divide it into 3
parts:
Part I + K4[Fe (CN)6] Chocolate brown Cu2+
ppt confirm.
Part II + NH4OH in excess Deep blue colouration Cu2+
confirm
Part III + KI solution A white ppt obtained Cu2+
in brown solution confirm
3+
4. As
Above ppt dissolved in dissolved
in conc.HNO3 and divide it into 2
parts:
Part I + ammonium molybdate yellow ppt obtained As3+
solution (NH4)2MoO4→ boil confirm
Part II + NH4OH + magnesia white ppt obtained As3+
mixture confirm
Group III
1. Salt + NaOH → warm No pungent smelling Group 0
colourless gas absent.
released.
2. OS + dilute HCl No white ppt Group I
absent
3. Above solution + H2S gas No Ppt obtained Group II
absent
4. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + Ppt obtained Group III
NH4OH present
Gel white ppt Al3+ may be
Brown ppt Fe3+ may be
 Al3+
5. Gel white ppt dissolved in dilute
HCl solution
Part I + NaOH and warm. A white gelatinous Al3+confirm
precipitate soluble in
excess of sodium
hydroxide
Lake test: Part II + blue litmus A blue floating mass Al3+
solution and then ammonium in the colourless confirm
hydroxide solution drop by drop solution is obtained.
along the sides of the test tube.
Fe3+
5. Brown ppt dissolved in dilute HCl
and the solution is divided into
two parts:
Part I + KCNS solution: Blood red colouration Fe3+
potassium thiocyanate soln confirm
Part II + K4[Fe (CN)6] solution Prussian blue Fe3+
colouration confirm
Group IV
1. Salt + NaOH → warm No pungent smelling Group 0
colourless gas absent.
released.
2. OS + dilute HCl No white ppt Group I
absent
3. Above solution + H2S gas No Ppt obtained Group II
absent
4. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + No Ppt obtained Group III
NH4OH absent
5. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + Ppt obtained Group IV
NH4OH+ H2S gas present
Gel white ppt Zn2+ may be
Buff ppt Mn2+ may
be
Black ppt Co2+ or Ni2+
may be
Zn2+
6. Above ppt dissolved in dilute A white precipitate
HCl, boil off H2S gas and divide soluble in excess of
the solution into two parts: sodium hydroxide
Part I + NaOH Zn2+
confirm
Part II + K4[Fe (CN)6] solution Bluish white ppt Zn2+
confirm
Mn2+
6. Above ppt dissolved in dilute White ppt which turns Mn2+
HCl, boil off H2S gas and add Brown on standing confirm
NaOH
Co2+
6. Dissolve the ppt in aqua regia Yellow ppt Co2+
(3 parts conc HCl + conc HNO3) confirm
and add NH4OH + CH3COOH +
KNO2 → heat
Ni2+
6. Dissolve the ppt in aqua regia Rose red ppt Ni2+
(3 parts conc HCl + conc HNO3) confirm
and add NH4OH + dimethyl
glyoxime
Group V
1. Salt + NaOH → warm No pungent smelling Group 0
colourless gas absent.
released.
2. OS + dilute HCl No white ppt Group I
absent
3. Above solution + H2S gas No Ppt obtained Group II
absent
4. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + No Ppt obtained Group III
NH4OH absent
5. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + No ppt obtained Group IV
NH4OH+ H2S gas absent
6. Above solution heated to boil off white ppt obtained Group V
+ H2S gas and add solid NH4Cl + present
NH4OH+ (NH4)2CO3 Ba2+ or
Sr2+ or
Ca2+ may be
7. Above ppt dissolved in hot
CH3COOH and divide it into 3
parts:
Part I + K2CrO4 solution Yellow ppt Ba2+
confirm.
Part II + (NH4)2 SO4 [ammonium White ppt Sr2+
sulphate solution] confirm.
Part III + NH4)2 C2O4 [ammonium White ppt Ca2+
oxalate solution] confirm.
Group VI
1. Salt + NaOH → warm No pungent smelling Group 0
colourless gas absent.
released.
2. OS + dilute HCl No white ppt Group I
absent
3. Above solution + H2S gas No Ppt obtained Group II
absent
4. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + No Ppt obtained Group III
NH4OH absent
5. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + No ppt obtained Group IV
NH4OH+ H2S gas absent
6. Above solution heated to boil off no ppt obtained Group V
+ H2S gas and add solid NH4Cl + absent
NH4OH+ (NH4)2CO3
7. Above solution + Na2HPO4 white ppt Group VI
solution→ scratch the sides of the present
test tube Mg2+

Equations involved:
NH4+
(NH4)2 SO4 + 2NaOH ⎯→ Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
2K2HgI4 + NH3 + 3KOH ⎯→ 7KI + 2H2O + [Link](NH2)I
Basic mercury (II) amido-iodine
(Brown precipitate)
2+
Pb
Pb2+ + 2HCl ⎯→ PbCl2 + 2 H+
 White ppt
PbCl2 + 2KI ⎯→ 2KCl + PbI2
(Hot soln) Yellow precipitate
PbCl2 + K2CrO4 ⎯→ 2KCl +PbCrO4
(Hot soln) Lead chromate (Yellow precipitate)
PbCrO4 + 4NaOH → Na2CrO4 + Na2[Pb(OH)4]
Sodium tetrahydroxoplumbate (II)
2+
Cu
Cu2+ + H2S ⎯→ CuS + 2 H+
Black ppt
3 CuS + 8 HNO ⎯→ 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 3 S + 4 H2O
S + 2 HNO3 ⎯→ H2SO4 + 2NO
2 Cu2++ 2 H2SO4 + 2 NH3+2 H2O ⎯→ Cu(OH)2. CuSO4 + 2 NH4+
Cu(OH)2.CuSO4 + 8 NH3 ⎯→ 2 [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 2 OH- + SO42-
Tetraamminecopper (II) sulphate
(Deep blue colour)
3+
As
As3+ + 3 H2S ⎯→ As2S3 + 6 H+
Yellow ppt

As2S3 + 3 (NH4)2S ⎯→ 2 (NH4)3AsS4 + S

Yellow ammonium sulphide
2 (NH4)3AsS4 + 6 HCl ⎯→ As2S5 + 3 H2S + 6 NH4Cl
3 As2S5 + 10 HNO3 + 4 H2O ⎯→ 6 H3AsO4 + 10 NO + 15 S
H3AsO4 + 12 (NH4)2 MoO4 + 21 HNO3 ⎯→ 21 NH4NO3 +12 H2O
(NH4)3[As (Mo3O10)4]
Ammonium arsinomolybdate
(yellow precipitate)
3+
Al
Al3++ 3 NH4OH ⎯→ Al(OH)3 + 2 NH4+
Gel white ppt
AlCl3 + 3 NaOH ⎯→ Al(OH)3 + 3 NaCl
Al(OH)3 + NaOH ⎯→ 2 H2O + NaAlO2
White gelatinous ppt (Sodium meta aluminate)
3+
Fe
Fe3++ 3 NH4OH ⎯→ Fe(OH)3 + 2 NH4+
Brown ppt
Fe(OH)3 + 3 HCl ⎯→ FeCl3 + 3H2O
4 FeCl3 + 3 K4[Fe(CN)6] ⎯→ Fe 4[Fe(CN)6]3 + 12 KCl
 Potassium ferrocyanide
(Prussian blue colour)
–
Fe + SCN ⎯→ [Fe(SCN)]2+
3+

Blood red colour

2+
Zn
Zn2+ + H2S ⎯→ ZnS + 2 H+
Dirty white ppt
ZnS + 2 HCl ⎯→ ZnCl2 + H2S
ZnCl2 + 2 NaOH ⎯→ Zn(OH)2 + 2NaCl
White ppt
Zn(OH)2 + 2 NaOH ⎯→ Na2ZnO2 + 2 H2O
Colourless soln
2 ZnCl2 + K4 [Fe(CN)6] ⎯→ 4 KCl + Zn2 [Fe(CN)6]
Zinc ferrocyanide (bluish white ppt)
2+
Mn
Mn2+ + H2S ⎯→ MnS + 2 H+
Buff ppt
MnS + 2 HCl ⎯→ MnCl2 + H2S
MnCl2 + 2 NaOH ⎯→ Mn(OH)2 + 2NaCl
(White precipitate)

Mn (OH)2 + [O] → MnO(OH)2

Hydrated manganese dioxide (Brown colour)
Co2+
Co2+ + H2S ⎯→ CoS + 2 H+
Black ppt
CoS + HNO3 + 3HCl ⎯→ CoCl2 + NOCl + S + 2 H2O
CoCl2 + 7KNO2 + 2CH3COOH ⎯→ 2KCl + 2CH3COOK + NO + H2O+
K3 [Co(NO2)6]
Potassiumhexanitritocobaltate (III)
(Yellow precipitate)
2+
Ni
Ni2+ + H2S ⎯→ NiS + 2 H+
Black ppt
3 NiS + 2 HNO3 + 6 HCl ⎯→ 3 NiCl2 + 2 NO + 3 S + 4 H2O
Ba2+
Ba2++ (NH4)2CO3 ⎯→ BaCO3 + 2 NH4+
White ppt
BaCO3 + 2 CH3COOH ⎯→ (CH3COO)2 Ba + H2O + CO2
(CH3COO)2Ba + K2CrO4 ⎯→ BaCrO4 + 2 CH3COOK
Yellow ppt
2+
Sr
Sr2++ (NH4)2CO3 ⎯→ SrCO3 + 2 NH4+
White ppt
SrCO3 + 2 CH3COOH ⎯→ (CH3COO)2 Sr + H2O + CO2
(CH3COO)2 Sr + (NH4)2SO4 ⎯→ SrSO4 + 2 CH3COONH4
Strontium sulphate
(White precipitate)
2+
Ca
Ca2++ (NH4)2CO3 ⎯→ CaCO3 + 2 NH4+
White ppt
CaCO3 + 2 CH3COOH ⎯→ (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2
(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 ⎯→ (COO)2Ca + 2 CH3COONH4
Ammonium Calcium oxalate
oxalate (White precipitate)
2+
Mg
Mg2+ + Na2HPO4 ⎯→ NH4OH + 2Na+ + H2O+ Mg(NH4)PO4
Magnesium ammonium phosphate
(white ppt)
……………………………………………………………………………………...

Experiment 2
Aim: To identify one cation and one anion in the given salt sample

[Link]. Experiment Observation Inference

1. Noted the colour of the given salt. white Cu2+, Fe2+,
Ni2+,Co2+,
Mn2+ are
absent.
2. Noted the smell of the salt. No specific smell S2–, SO3 2–,
CH3COO–
may be
absent.
3. Prepared a paste of the salt with No distinct colour Ca2+, Sr2+,
conc. HCl and performed the flame of the flame seen. Ba2+,Cu2+
test. may be
absent.
4. Treated 0.1 g of salt with 1 mL No effervescence CO32–, SO32–
dil.H2SO4 or gas evolved. , S2–, NO2 –
absent.
5. Heated 0.1 g of salt with 1 mL conc. No gas evolved CH3COO–,
H2SO4. Cl–, Br–, I–,
NO3– ,
C2O42-are
absent.
6. Acidified 1mL of aqueous salt No yellow PO43– absent.
solution with conc. HNO3. Warmed precipitate
the contents and then added 4-5
drops of ammonium molybdate
solution.
7. Salt solution + dilute HCl + BaCl2 Whit ppt SO42- may be
solution
8. Above ppt + dilute HCl/ dilute HNO3 Ppt remains SO42-
insoluble. confirm.
9. Salt + NaOH → warm No pungent Group 0
smelling absent.
colourless gas
released.
10. OS + dilute HCl No white ppt Group I
absent
11. Above solution + H2S gas No Ppt obtained Group II
absent
12. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + No Ppt obtained Group III
NH4OH absent
13. Above solution + solid NH4Cl + No ppt obtained Group IV
NH4OH+ H2S gas absent
14. Above solution heated to boil off + no ppt obtained Group V
H2S gas and add solid NH4Cl + absent
NH4OH+ (NH4)2CO3
15. Above solution + Na2HPO4 white ppt Group VI
solution→ scratch the sides of the present
test tube Mg2+

Result: Cation - magnesium ion (Mg2+)

Anion – sulphate ion (SO42-)