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Class 10 Civics Chapter 2 Extra Maths NCERT Solutions

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September 4, 2021 by Murali

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QUESTIONS OF 1 MARK
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Answers should not exceed 30 words.
6 12

Question 1.
In 1993, what change in the form of government took place in Belgium ? ”
Answer:
In 1993, Belgium shifted from a unitary to a federal form of government because the Search the site ...
regional governments were given constitutional powers. The regional governments were
no longer dependent on the central government.

Question 2.
What is federalism ?
Answer:
RECENT POSTS
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central
authority and various constituent units of the country.
MCQ Questions for Class 7 Maths Chapter
2 Fractions and Decimals with Answers
Question 3.
Name any two countries in the west having federal form of government. Story Writing Class 7 Format, Examples,

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Answer: MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science
NCERT
USA SOLUTIONS
and Canada. CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6ChapterCLASS 11
1 Chemical CLASS 12and
Reactions
Equations with Answers
Question 4.
MCQ QUESTIONS Determiners Exercises for Class 10 CBSE
What is jurisdiction ?
With Answers
Answer:
Jurisdiction is the area over which some one has legal authority. The area may be defined NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First
in terms of geographical boundaries or in terms of certain kinds of subjects. Flight Chapter 4 From the Diary of Anne
Frank
Question 5.
What is the unitary system of government ?
Answer:
Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of government or the sub  ­units are
subordinate to the central government.

Question 6.
How can the fundamental provisions of the constitution be changed or amended in a
federal system of government ?
Answer:
The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one
level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.

Question 7.
What other factors besides politics keep federations united ?[CBSE 2016-17]
Answer:
Mutual trust and agreement to live together are other factors that keep federations
together.

Question 8.
What is the nature of Indian federal system ?   [CBSE 2016-17]
Answer:
Indian federal system is an example of ‘holding together’ type of federation.

Question 9.
Give two examples of ‘coming together’ federation.
Answer:
USA, Switzerland and Australia.

Question 10.
State any one feature that makes India a federal country.
Answer:
The Constitution divides legistative powers between the Union Government and the State
Governments. It has three lists viz Union list, State list and Concurrent list.

Question 11.
State any two subjects included in the Union List.
Answer:

1. Defence of the country.

2. Foreign Affairs.

Question 12.
Which are the subjects included in the State List ? Mention any two.
Answer:

1. Police and
2. Agriculture.

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Question 13.
NCERT
What SOLUTIONS
are residuary subjects CLASS 10 make
? Who can CLASS 9 theseCLASS
law on 8 ?
subjects CLASS 7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12
Answer:
MCQ QUESTIONS
1. The residuary subjects are those subjects that are not included in any list.
2. The Union Government has the power to legislate on ‘residuary’ subjects.

Question 14.
Which government can make law on subjects included in the concurrent list ?
Answer:
Both the Union and the State Governments can make law on the subjects included in the
concurrent list.

Question 15.
In case of any disputes about the division of powers which institution decides it ?
Answer:
In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts and the Supreme
Court make a decision.

Question 16.
Which state of the India has its own constitution ?
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir.

Question 17.
Name any two Union Territories.
Answer:
Chandigarh and Lakshadweep.

Question 18.
What happened in Pokharan ? Where is it ?
Answer:
Pokharan is the place where India conducted its nuclear tests. It is in Rajasthan.

Question 19.
Which states have been created to recongnise differences based on culture, ethnicity or
geography ?
Answer:
Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.

Question 20.
State one advantage of formation of linguistic states.
Answer:
The formation of linguistic states has made the country more united. It has also made
administration easier.

Question 21.
RS NCERT MCQ EXTRA CBSE RD SAMPLE GAMES
How many languages are recongnised as scheduled
AGGARWAL SOLUTIONS languages
QUESTIONS by the Indian
QUESTIONS NOTESConstitution
SHARMA PAPERS
?
NCERT
[CBSE SOLUTIONS
2016-17] CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12
Answer:
22 MCQ
languages are recongnised as scheduled languages by the Constitution.
QUESTIONS

Question 22.
What is the status of Hindi in India ?
Answer:
Hindi was identified as the official language.

Question 23.
What is a coalition government ?
Answer:
A government formed by the coming together of at least two political parties. Usually
partners in a coalition form a political alliance and adopt a common programmer.

Question 24.
When was the report of the States Reorganisation Commission was implemented ?
Answer:
1 November 1956.

Question 25.
What is decentralisation ?
Answer:
When power is taken away from the central and state government and given to local
government, it is called decentralisation.

Question 26.
What steps have been taken to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and
effective ? Mention any two.
Answer:

1. It is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government

bodies.
2. An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created
in each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elections’

Question 27.
How many seats in the local government bodies are reserved for women ?
Answer:
At least one-third of all positions are reserved for Women.

Question 28.
How are rural local government in India popularly known ?
Answer:
Rural local government in India is popularly known by the name Panchayati Raj.

Question 29.
Who are members of the Gram Sabha in a village ?
Answer:
All the voters in the village are members of the Gram Sabha.

Question 30.
What is the official post for the chair person of a Municipal Corporation ?
Answer:
Mayor.

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Question 31.
NCERT
What is theSOLUTIONS CLASSof10
approximate number elected CLASS 9 CLASS
representatives in the8panchayats
CLASSand
7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12
municipalities etc. ?Answer:
About
MCQ36QUESTIONS
lakhs.

Question 32.
Which problems are being faced by the local bodies ? Mention any two.
Answer:

1. Many state governments have not transferred significant powers to the local
governments.
2. Adequate resources have not been provided to local bodies.

QUESTIONS OF 3/5 MARKS

Answers should be in about 80/100 words.

Question 1.
What are the differences between a federal form of government and a unitary one ?
Explain.
                                          Or
Analyse features of federalism.
                                          Or
Compare and contrast the federal system of government with unitary system of
government.
                                          Or
How is federal govt, different from unitary govt. ?   [CBSE 2016-17]
Answer:
Two systems of government i.e., federal system and unitary system can be compared as
given below :

Federal Government Unitary Government

(1) There are two or more levels of (1) Generally, there is only one level of

governments e.g., National, State and government. In case of sub-units, they

Local governments. are subordinate to the national

government.
(2) There is division of powers

between different levels of (2) There is no division of powers.

governments. The Central or National government

has all the powers.

(3) State governments are not
answerable to the Central or National (3) The state governments or sub-

government. units are answerable to the Central

government.
(4) Jurisdiction of each government

i.e., state and central is specified in (4) All powers are with the Central

the constitution and cannot be government. There is no separate

changed unilaterally. jurisdiction for the sub-units. The

Central government can grant them

(5) Constitutional amendment cannot powers and take back at any time.
be made without the consent of the

state governments. (5) The Central government alone can

make constitutional amendment like

(6) Courts such as Supreme Court of an ordinary law.
India safeguards and interprets the

Constitution. (6) Courts do not enjoy powers of

safe-guarding/interpreting the
(7) Sources of revenue are divided constitution.
among different levels of government.

(7) Sources of revenue are controlled

(8)  It has two objectives – to by the Central government.
safeguard and promote unity of the
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 country. Secondly to accommodate (8) There is no such objective as there
NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12
regional diversity. So there should be is only one government that controls

trust and agreement to live together the whole country.

MCQ QUESTIONS

Question 2.
Distinguish between ‘coming together’ and ‘holding together’ types of federations. India
comes under which type of federation ?
                                                   Or
Describe different routes for formation of federations in different countries and their
impact.
Answer:
(1) There are two routes that have been adopted for formation of federations in the world.
The differences between the two are as mentioned below :

‘Coming together’ Federations ‘Holding together’ Federations

(1) Under these federations, large

(1) These forms of federations are country decides to divide its power
formed by independent states which between the constituent States and
come together on their own to form the national government.
federation.
(2) The object is to have a powerful
(2) The object is to form a bigger unit central government to maintain unity
so that by pooling sovereignty and in diversity. For example in India the
retaining identity, they can increase central govt, has more powers than
their security. the states.

(3) The examples of this type of (3)  The examples of this type of
federations are the USA, Switzerland federations are India, Spain and
and Australia. Belgium.

(4)  All the constituent states and (4)  In such federations, the national
federal government have equal or central government is powerful
powers and are strong vis-a-vis the than the states or provinces as in
federal government India. Some states may have unequal
powers or special powers. For
 
example in India Jammu and
Kashmir has its own constitution.
 
Many provisions of the Indian
constitution are not applicable to this
 
state without the approval of the State

  Assembly. Special provisions exist for

some other states of India as well.

(2) India comes under ‘holding together’ federation.

Question 3.
How are legislative powers divided between Union govt, and state govts ? [CBSE 2016-17]
                                                      Or
Examine what makes India a federal country.  [CBSE 2016-17]
                                                      Or
What are the salient features of federalism in India ?
Answer:
The salient features of federalism in India are as mentioned below :

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 NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12

MCQ QUESTIONS

(1) Two-three levels of government : In the beginning, the Constitution provided for a two-
tier system of government e., the Union or National government and the State
governments. Later, a third-tier of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and
Municipalities. These tiers enjoy separate jurisdiction.

(2) Division of legislative powers :

The Constitution clearly provided threefold distribution of legislative powers between the
Union Government and the State governments as mentioned below :

1. Union list :
1. It includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country,
foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency.
2. These are included in this list because we need a uniform policy on these
matters throughout the country.
3. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects in the
Union list.
2. State list :

1. This list contains subjects of state and local importance such as police, trade
commerce, agriculture and irrigation.
2. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to these subjects.
3. Concurrent list :
1. It includes subjects of common interest to both the Union Govt, as well as the
State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage,
adoption and succession.
2. Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on these
subjects.
3. In case the laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Govt, will
prevail.
4. Residuary powers : 
1. These include the subjects not included in three lists or subjects like computer
software that came up after the Constitution was made.
2. The central govt, can make laws on such subjects.
3. Rigid constitution : Amendment to the Constitution is not easy. Sharing of
powers or division of powers is basic to the structure of the Constitution and
cannot be changed easily. The Parliament has to pass an amendment in both
the Houses with at least two-thirds majority. Then it has to be ratified by the
legislatures of at least half of the total States.
4. Independent courts and interpretation of the Constitution : The judiciary plays
an important role in the implementation of constitutional provisions and
procedures. In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High
Courts and the Supreme Court decide the case.
5. Independent resources : The Union and the State Governments can raise their
resources by levying taxes in order to carry on the government and the
responsibilities assigned to each of them.

Question 4.
“All the States in the Indian union do not have identical powers.” Explain.
                                                    Or
Describe special powers or provisions for some States in India.
Answer:
The Constitution of India does not grant equal powers to all States. Some States enjoy
special status/powers as given below :
(1) Jammu and Kashmir :

Under Article 370, the concurrence of the state is required for making laws in
matters mentioned in thir Union and Concurrent Lists.
Jammu and Kashmir has its own Constitution,
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 Again Indians who are not permanent residents of this State cannot buy land or
NCERT SOLUTIONS
house there, CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12
Amendments to the Indian Constitution under Article 368 cannot apply without the
concurrence
MCQ QUESTIONSof the J & K government.

(2) North-Eastern and smaller States have been given more representation in the Rajya
Sabha. North-Eastern states such as Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram
have a sizeable indigenous tribal population with a distinct history and culture which can
be retained under Article 371.

(3) There are areas which are too small to become an independent State but which could
not be merged with any of the existing States. Such areas are like Chandigarh or
Lakshadweep or the Capital city of Delhi. These are known as Union Territories. These
territories do not have powers of a state. The central government has special powers in
running these areas.

Question 5.
(1) Pokharan, the place where India conducted its nuclear tests, lies in Rajasthan.
Suppose the Govt, of Rajasthan was opposed to the Central Government’s nuclear policy,
could it prevent the Govt, of India from conducting the nuclear tests ?
(2) Suppose the Govt, of Sikkim plans to introduce new textbooks in its schools. But the
Union Govt, does not like the style and content of the new textbooks. In that case, does
the state govt, need to take permission from the Union Govt, before these . textbooks can
be launched ?
(3) Suppose the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa have
different policies on how their state police respond to the naxalites. Can the Prime
Minister of India intervene and passs an order that all Chief Ministers will have to obey.
Answer:

1. No. Defence is a subject of national importance. Nuclear tests are related to the
defence of the country. So the Rajasthan government could not prevent the Govt, of
India from conducting the nuclear tests.
2. Education is included in the concurrent list. Both the central and state government
can make laws on this subject. According to the Constitution if the central govt, too
makes a law, and if their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union
Govt, will prevail. In this case as no law has been passed by the Central Govt., the
State Govt, need not take permission from the Union Govt.
3. Police is a state subject. So the states of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa
can follow different policies. Prime Minister cannot intervene and pass orders to be
obeyed by all Chief Ministers.

Question 6.
Explain democratic policies adopted by the Government of India which made it a
successful federation. [CBSE 2016-17]
                                                   Or
Why has federalism succeeded in India ? Which three policies adopted by India have
ensured this success ? [CBSE 2016-17]
                                                  Or
Explain how the federal experiment has been successful in the matter of formation of
states in India.
                                                  Or
Describe how federalism has been in practice through creation of linguistic states.
Answer:
The success of federalism in India can be attributed to the nature of democratic politics in
the country. This has ensured that the spirit of federalism, respect for diversity and desire
for living together became a shared ideal for all. This has happened in various ways :
1. Linguistic States :

1. The creation of Linguistic states was the first major test for democratic politics in
India.
2. In 1947 the boundaries of several states were changed on the basis of several
states were changed in order to create new states.
3. Some states were created to recognise differences based on culture, ethnicity or
geography. These are Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.
4. State Reorganisation Commission (1956) : Under State Reorganisation Commission
in 1956, the States were created on the basis of language. Many States vanished
and new States came into existence.
5. Creation of Haryana and Punjab : Even after the State Reorganisation Commission,
the demand for creation of
RSnew States
NCERTcontinued.
MCQIn 1966, EXTRA
Haryana was
CBSEcreated
RDout SAMPLE
AGGARWAL SOLUTIONS QUESTIONS QUESTIONS NOTES SHARMA PAPERS GAMES
 of the State of Punjab.
NCERT SOLUTIONS
6. States on the basis of CLASS
culture 10 CLASSlike
: Some States 9 Nagaland,
CLASS Uttarakhand
8 CLASSand
7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12
Jharkhand were created to recognise the cultural and ethnic differences.
7. Success
MCQ of federalism :
QUESTIONS
1. Although there have been some opposition to the creation of states on the
basis of language etc., the experience has proved that the country became
more united,
2. It has made administration more easier in smaller states,
3. The spirit of federalism, respect for diversity and desire for living together has
become a shared ideal.

2. Language Policy : The Constitution of India did not give the status of national
language to any one language. According to Constitution, the use of English for official
purposes was to stop in 1965. However, many non-Hindi speaking States demanded to
continue the use of English, particularly in Tamil Nadu. The leaders adopted a cautious
approach to avoid a Sri Lanka type situation.
It was, therefore, decided that English would continue along with Hindi for official pur­-
poses. Official Language Act provides that English would remain the official language of
the country so long as non-Hindi speaking States desire. Thus, this approach has helped
in avoiding confrontation with non-Hindi speaking southern states particularly Tamil
Nadu. It has also strengthened the spirit of federalism.

3. Center-State Relations : The relations between Center and the States too has
strengthened the federalism in India as mentioned below :

1. In the beginning : The Central Government and the State Governments were control­-
led by one political party e., Congress. The Central Government dominated over the
State Governments.
2. After 1967 : When some opposition or different political parties came to power in
the States, the relations between center and the states changed. The Central
Government misused the powers under Article 356 of the Constitution and
dismissed the governments led by the rival parties. This was against the spirit of
federalism.

4. After 1990 :

1. Coalition government was formed at the center.

2. Regional parties became powerful in the states,
3. Since no single party was able to secure majority, different parties formed alliance
such as NDA and UPA.
4. Under such arrangement, culture of power sharing and respect for autonomy of
state governments spread in India,
5. The Supreme Court too made it difficult for the Central Government to dismiss the
State Governments in an arbitrary manner. Thus, federal structure has been
strengthened by the coming of coalition governments. Federal power sharing has
become effective and center-state relations have been strengthened. Respect for the
autonomy of the states has increased.
Thus all these policies have contributed towards making Indian federalism
successful.

Question 7.
State difference between the local government before and after the constitutional
amendment in 1992.
Answer:
The difference of local government in India before and after 1992 was as mentioned
below :

‘Before 1992 After 1992

(1) There were panchayats in villages (1) The state governments are
and municipalities in urban areas but required to share some powers with

these were directly under the control the local government bodies. Now
of the state governments. They did local bodies got constitutional status.

not enjoy independent status.

(2) It is mandatory to hold regular
(2) Elections to local bodies were not elections to local government bodies.

held regularly. If the state govt, dissolves the

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 (3) These bodies did not have panchayat before the end of its five
NCERT SOLUTIONS CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12
financial resources. They were year term, fresh elections must be
dependent on states or central held within six months of such
MCQ QUESTIONS
government which used to grant them dissolution.
financial aids.
(3) The state governments are

(4) There was no reservation for required to share some powers with
SC/ST/ OBGs. local government bodies.

(5) There was no reservation for (4) Seats are reserved in the elected
women. bodies and executive heads of these

institutions for the Scheduled Castes,

(6) There was no independent state Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward
commission to conduct elections. Classes.

  (5) One-third of all positions are

reserved for women.
 

(6) An independent State Election

 
Commission has been created in each

state to conduct panchayat and

municipal elections

  From above it is clear that the government tried to strengthen local governments by the
73rd and 74th amendment in 1992

Question 8.
Explain the major steps taken towards decentralisation for making the third-tier of
government more powerful. [CBSE 2016-17]
Answer:
The major steps taken towards decentralisation for making the third-tier of government
more powerful as mentioned below :

1. In the beginning panchayats in villages and municipalities in urban areas were

setup in all the states. These bodies were, however, directly under the control of
state governments. Elections to these bodies were not held regularly. They did not
have resources of their own. There was thus need for a drastic step that was taken
in 1992. The Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more
powerful and effective.
2. Main features of the provisions of the Constitutional Amendment (1992) were as
mentioned
below :

1. Constitutionally mandatory to hold elections to local government bodies.

2. Reservation of seats in elected bodies and executive heads for SC/ST/OBCs.
3. Reservation of 1/3 seats for women.
4. Creation of State Election Commission to conduct election of local bodies.
5. State governments to share some powers and revenue with local government
bodies. The nature of sharing varies from state to state.
Thus third-tier of government has been made more powerful. Now elections
are held regularly and financially these bodies have become better equipped.

Question 9.
Explain any five features of Panchayati Raj system in India. [CBSE 2016-17]
                                            Or

Differentiate between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.  [CBSE 2016-17]

                                          Or
How is rural local government known in India ? What are its different institutions ?
Answer:
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(1) Rural local government is popularly known by the name panchayati raj.
(2)NCERT SOLUTIONS
Its different CLASS
institutions are 10 CLASS
as mentioned below9 : CLASS 8 CLASS 7 CLASS 6 CLASS 11 CLASS 12

1. Panchayat:
MCQ QUESTIONS

1. There is a panchayat in each village or group of villages.

2. It is a council which has several ward members (panch) and a president
(sarpanch).
3. They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or
village.
4. Panchayat is a decision-making body for the entire village.
5. It works under the overall supervision of gram sabha.
6. Gram Sabha consists of all the voters and meets twice or thrice in a year to
approve the anffual budget of the gram panchayat and to review its
performance.
2. Panchayat samiti or block or mandal: A few gram panchayats are grouped together
to form a panchayat samiti or block or mandal. The members of this body are
elected by all the members of the panchayats in that area.
3. Zilla Parishad : All the panchayat samities or mandals in a district constitute Zilla
Parishad, whose members are elected. Members of the Lok Sabha and MLAs of that
district and some other officials of other district level bodies are also its members.
Zilla Parishad chairper­son is the political head of the Zilla Parishad.

Question 10.
Which are the local bodies in the urban areas ? What is their composition ?
Answer:

1. The local bodies in the urban areas are municipalities or municipal committees in
towns, municipal corporations in big cities.
The members of municipal committees and municipal corporations are also
elected by the people.
Municipal Chairperson is the political head of the municipal committee.
Chairperson of municipal corporation is called the Mayor.

Question 11.
Describe the achievements of the new system of local governments. Also mention the
problems that are being faced by these bodies.
Answer:
(1) Achievements : It is the largest experiment in a democracy conducted anywhere in the
world. Its main achievements are as follows :

1. There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and munici­-
palities etc. all over the country.
2. Constitutional status for local government has helped to strengthen democracy in
the country.
3. There is now uniformity in local bodies across the country.
4. There is a significant number of women in the local bodies.

(2) Problems : There are problems too which are as follows :

1. Elections are held regularly but for gram sabhas are not held regularly.
2. Many State governments have not transferred significant powers to the local
governments.
3. Adequate resources have not been given to them. Thus, there is still a long way to
achieve the ideal of self government.

We hope the Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 Democracy and
Diversity Resource and Development help you. If you have any query regarding Extra
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AGGARWAL SOLUTIONS QUESTIONS QUESTIONS NOTES SHARMA PAPERS