CIE 531/EGM 501

Site Management & Construction Equipment

Lecture 2
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Site Management

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Site Management overview
 Most construction sites that run into trouble do so for reasons related to
managerial factors rather than because of technical problems
 The site-based management can make significant improvements in the cost
and time savings during the construction process without involving a mass of
additional work.

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Site management

 Site management, in general, involves many tasks, such as;

monitoring performance regularly,

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Site Layout planning
A detailed planning of the site results in
 minimizing travel time
Minimizing waiting time
increasing worker morale by showing better and safer work
environment.

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Site Layout planning

Construction site layout involves

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Site Layout planning
These temporary facilities includes but not limited to:
simple lay-down areas to warehouses,
fabrication shops,
maintenance shops,
batch plant
residence facilities.

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Site Layout planning
Required temporary facilities depends on
 project type,
 scale,
 design,
 location,
 organization of construction work.

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Site Layout planning
There are two general objectives which planners should seek to meet through
careful organization of the site for construction.
 First, the site must be designed to maximize efficiency of operations in order
to promote worker productivity, to shorten project time and to reduce cost.

 Second, the final plan must create a project with a good work environment in
order to attract and retain the best personnel and thus contribute to better
work quality and productivity
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The Engineer's Site Organisation

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The Resident Engineer (RE)
 Engineer's representative and chief responsible person on site is
known as the resident engineer.
 He is opposite to the site agent being the chief executive on site for
the engineer.

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Duties of the Resident Engineer
Resident engineer is expected to carry out the following activities as may be
requested of him by the engineer:
1. To coordinate the work of various contractors; to agree detailed programs
of works; to check that all necessary instructions have been given to
contractors,
2. To check all the materials are ordered in good time and all necessary
permits for them are obtained,
3. To see that the requirements of specifications in regard to materials and
workmanship are compiled with the contractors.
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Duties of the Resident Engineer
4.To watch for faulty workmanship or material, and issue instructions
for remedying such faults.
5.To check the elevation level and layout of the structure that it
conforms with the drawings.
6.To issue further instructions and classifications of detail as are
necessary,
7.To measure the amount of the work done for the purpose of
payment and to calculate such payments
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Duties of the Resident Engineer
8.To keep records of all measurements and tests, and to bring plans
into conformity with the work as actually executed.
9.To act as a channel for all claims and disputes' and to provide the
facts which are relevant
10.To see that the finished works are free from defects, tested and set
properly functioning
11.To report regularly to the engineer on all the above matters.

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The Resident Engineer's Staff
 Even on a small job, it will be necessary for the
resident engineer to be assisted by an inspector
and a typist or other office worker.
 On larger jobs he will need a team of engineers
and other technical specialists to assist him.

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The Resident Engineer's Staff

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Key Site Personnel for
Contractor
In the site organization of a contractor, the key five persons are:
a. the agent (Site Manager)
b. site engineer
c. office manager
d. general foreman
e. plant manager (foreman)
f. Contract manager on large jobs (Only in very large jobs)

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Key Site Personnel for Contractor
On smaller jobs;
the duties of the agent and site engineer may be combined,
the general foreman may also be the plant foreman.
On large jobs;
 a contract manager may be appointed over the agent. His job being
managerial rather than technical and executive control.

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The Site Agent Responsibilities
 The site agent is has the power of;
directing and controlling the whole construction work
on site
 employing workers on site
Hiring machinery and equipment,
purchasing materials, and employing subcontractors.

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The Site Agent Responsibilities
The power to do these things without reference to his
firm's head office will depend;
on the size of the job
its nature and distance from head office
the policy adopted by his firm
course standing within the firm.

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Skills of a site agent
 be knowledgeable in the civil engineering construction
 be able to command men
 a good organizer and administrator.
 sound business sense not only satisfying the engineer, but
also to make a profit for the contractor

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The Site Engineer responsibilities
Responsible for;
seeing that works are constructed to the right lines and levels
advising the agent on all design and engineering matters.
taking site levels; lining in and levelling construction work
 planning temporary access, roads and bridges

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The Site Engineer responsibilities
dealing with powers supply, water supply, drainage
concrete batching plant foundation
keeping of progress and quality records.
measuring up the work in his section weekly or monthly.
On smaller jobs, the site engineer may act as sub-agent

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The Office Manager
Within the site office, the agents' principal administrator is the office
manager.
His responsibility covers;
1.carrying out most of the paper works correspondence
2.issuing of orders for materials,
3.receiving and checking and checking accounts,
4. making up pay sheets.
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The Office Manager
Normally under him there are other persons such as,
 pay clerk,
 order clerk,
 correspondence secretary,
 and accounts clerk.

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The Office Manager
He also controls other staff, such as;
invoice checker
Storekeeper
messengers
tea boys
staff car drivers
night watchmen.
Note: If there is no a separate site cashier, the office manager will also have to
handle the workmen's pay
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General Foreman
The general foreman is the agent's right-hand man for the execution
of the works in the field. (When no site engineer on site)
Responsibility;
keep the work moving ahead daily schedule as the agent has planned
it.
Should spend alot of time outside, visiting all parts of the work under
his control.
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General Foreman
Skills for the General Forman;
Should have wide practical knowledge and experience
must be able to read engineer's drawings.
possess foresight and planning ability.

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Plant Manager/Engineer:
The position of plant engineer is normally separately designated from that of
general foreman
Responsibility
to maintain and service the plant and to have it available as required.
controls the fitters and welders,
maintains power supplies to the site- i.e. to run the site generator.
Plant manager is advised by the agent in long-term planning, and by general
foreman for day to day planning.

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Key Site Personnel for the Contractor

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Construction Equipment

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The Earthmoving Process
Earthmoving is the process of moving soil or rock from one location to
another and processing it

The purpose is to meet construction requirements of;

 location,

elevation,

 density,

moisture content,

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Earthmoving Process
Activities involved in the earthmoving process includes;
1.excavating
2.loading
3. hauling
4.placing (dumping and spreading)
5.compacting
6.grading
7.finishing.

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Earthmoving Process

Efficient management of the earth-moving process

a. accurate estimating of work quantities

b.job conditions,

c. proper selection of equipment,

d. Competent job management.

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Equipment Selection
 ability of the equipment to perform the required work
 Production of the equipment
 Possible future use of the equipment on another project
 the availability of spare parts and service
 the effect of equipment downtime on other construction equipment
and operations

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Production of Earthmoving Equipment
 The basic relationship for estimating the production of all
earthmoving equipment is:
Production = Volume per cycle x Cycles per hour
 The term "cycles per hour" must include any appropriate efficiency
factors, so that it represents the number of cycles actually achieved
(or expected to be achieved) per hour
 There are tables which can be used for production shovels and
draglines.

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Production of Earthmoving Equipment
There are two principal approaches to estimating job efficiency in determining
the number of cycles per hour to be used
1. One method is to use the number of effective working minutes per hour to
calculate the number of cycles achieved per hour.
This is equivalent to using an efficiency factor equal to the number of working
minutes per hour divided by 60.
2. The other approach is to multiply the number of theoretical cycles per 60-min
hour by a numerical efficiency factor.

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Production of Earthmoving Equipment
 The cost per unit of production may be calculated as follows:

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Efficiency factors based on a combination of job conditions and
management conditions

Job efficiency factors for earthmoving operation

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THANK YOU

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