BATTERY & BMS

CODING ON MBED
 LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THE
SYSTEM

SOME COMPLICATED
CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS COMPONENTS (NOT REQUIRED
FOR UNDERSTANDING THIS)

A CELL(A BUNCH OF
THESE ARE USED)

EMBED-
MICROCONTROLLER
(THIS IS WHERE OUR
CODE GOES INTO)
UNDERSTANDING THE IC-LTC6804-2

WHAT CAN THE IC DO?

Each IC can measure up to a maximum of 12 cells.

It can do passive balancing for each of the cell.

It can be used to measure temperature.

NOW WE ARE USING ALL THESE FUNCTIONS FOR

OUR PURPOSE. THE ABOVE OVERVIEW WILL
HELP US UNDERSTAND THE CONSTRUCTION OF
THE CODE.
CODE

CONSTRUCTION OF THE CODE

1. Starting and setting up the SPI communication.

2. Assigning the required values to the configuration registers.

(For each functionality of the IC there exist various modes of
operation. For configuring these modes we need to assign
some values to these configuration registers.)

3. Now we have to start the ADC conversion of the raw voltage

values and temperature values.

4. Finally we have to store the values received (temporarily) and

then provide them to the microcontroller.
THE CONFIGURATION REGISTERS

The table below shows six configuration registers(CFGR0-5) with the corresponding bit wise implication.

Now we will choose the value of each bit for each register step by step.

CFGR0 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0

Use GPIO5 GPIO4 GPIO3 GPIO2 GPIO1 REFON SWTRD ADCOPT

Value used 0 0 0 0 0 1 * 0

GPIOx is 1 if xth pin used and 0 if it's not used.

REFON is 1 if 'we have to power up the reference until the watchdog timeout' and 0 if 'we have to shut
down after every conversion'.
Understanding REFON in a better way

A CELL ADC
CONVERTER OUTPUT

THIS IS GOING TO
THIS WILL HAVE CONVERT THESE
SOME VOLTAGE ANALOG VALUES TO
RELATED TO IT.(AN THE CORRESPONDING
ANALOG VALUE) DIGITAL VALUES.

Now the thing to understand here is that the ADC converter will not be converting all the time and
it needs some power (energy) to do the job. If we choose REFUP to be 1 then it will always be
powered up until watchdog timer expires and if it's chosen to be 0 then it shuts down after every
conversion.
 THE CONFIGURATION REGISTERS

The SWTRD is read only and is used for telling the SWETEN pin status. In our case it doesn't matter if it's
value is either 0 or 1.

ADCOPT is used for selecting the mode of operation of ADC. ADC can operate on 7kHz, 2kHz, 3kHz,
27kHz, 14kHz and [Link] 0 is used to select from 27, 7or 26 kHz and 1 is used to select from 14, 3
or 2 kHz which in turn can be further selected from using the MD[1:0] Bits.

VUV and VOV refers to under voltage and over voltage comparison voltages respective. We don't use this
feature. Hence all bits are assigned 0.

CFGR1 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0

Use VUV[7] VUV[6] VUV[5] VUV[4] VUV[3] VUV[2] VUV[1] VUV[0]

Value used 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CFGR2 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0

Use VOV[3] VOV[2] VOV[1] VOV[0] VUV[11] VUV[10] VUV[9] VUV[8]

Value used 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 THE CONFIGURATION REGISTERS

CFGR3 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0

Use VOV[11] VOV[10] VOV[9] VOV[8] VOV[7] VOV[6] VOV[5] VOV[4]

Value used 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CFGR4 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0

Use DCC8 DCC7 DCC6 DCC5 DCC4 DCC3 DCC2 DCC1

Value used 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CFGR5 Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0

Use DCTO[3] DCTO[2] DCTO[1] DCTO[0] DCC12 DCC11 DCC10 DCC9

Value used 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
THE CONFIGURATION REGISTERS

DCCi refers to whether the ith cell will discharge or not. 1 corresponds to it being discharged and 0
corresponding to it not being discharged. Therefore initially we let all the DCC bits to be 0.

DCTO refers to the timeout discharge value, which is matched according to the following table:

This is the value

which we are
considering to take.
UNDERSTANDING THE PROVIDED FUNCTIONS

THE CODE

Now let's try to understand the various prebuilt functions

provided by Linear Technology in their .cpp file.
The functions are as:

THIS FUNCTION IS USED FOR CONFIGURING(OR INITIALISING) ALL THE ICS ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENTS. IT
CAN BE CLEARLY SEEN THAT IT'S CALLING OTHER VARIOUS FUNCTIONS INSIDE OF IT, THEREFORE THEIR EXACT
MEANING WILL ALSO BE CLEARED LATER. ONE THING TO NOTE HERE IS THAT ALL THE VARIABLES USED INSIDE
THE FUNCTIONS MUST EITHER BE GLOBAL OR PREDEFINED.
FUNCTIONS

THIS FUNCTION IS USED FOR CONFIGURING THE STATE OF THE ADC CONVERTERS. WHAT'S HAPPENING INSIDE IS
THAT WITH THE VARIABLES PASSED TO THE FUNCTION, IT IS SETTING THE GLOBAL VARIABLES ADAX AND ADCV TO
THE REQUIRED VALUES(THESE ARE USED WHILE SENDING SPI MESSAGES). ANOTHER THING TO UNDERSTAND IS
THE MEANING ASSOCIATED WITH THE PASSED VARIABLES.

ADCV configures Cpin inputs.

ADAX configures GPIO pins.

FUNCTIONS

THIS FUNCTION STARTS THE CONVERSION OF CPIN INPUT VOLTAGES.

NOTE- TEMP_PEC IS A TEMPORARY VARIABLE MANAGING PEC ERROR(IT IS SIMILAR TO THE CHECKSUM).
FUNCTIONS

THIS FUNCTION STARTS THE CONVERSION OF GPIO PINS.

NOTE- TEMP_PEC IS A TEMPORARY VARIABLE MANAGING PEC ERROR(IT IS SIMILAR TO THE CHECKSUM).
FUNCTIONS

THIS FUNCTION WILL SEND THE COMMAND TO READ THE CELL VOLTAGES, PARSE THE DATA AND THEN STORE
THEM IN 'CELL_CODES' ARRAY.
REG: THIS VARIABLE TELL ABOUT THE GROUP OF CELL REGISTERS TO READ, WITH 0-4 CORRESPONDING TO
ALL, A-D RESPECTIVELY.
TOTAL_IC: THIS CORRESPONDS TO THE TOTAL NUMBER OF LTC6804 CONNECTED TO THE MBED.
THIS FUNCTION RETURNS 0 IF NO ERROR IS DETECTED AND -1 IF PEC ERROR IS DETECTED.
FUNCTIONS

THIS FUNCTION IS USUALLY USED INSIDE THE PREVIOUS FUNCTION FOR STORING THE RAW DATA FROM A
SINGLE CELL VOLTAGE [Link]- THIS DATA IS NOT PARSED.

THIS FUNCTION IS SIMILAR TO LTC6804_RDCV FUNCTION, THE DIFFERENCE BEING IT OPERATED ON

AUXILIARY PINS.
REG: THIS VARIABLE TELLS ABOUT THE GROUP OF REGISTERS TO READ, WITH 0-2 CORRESPONDING TO
ALL, A AND B RESPECTIVELY.
THE 6 ELEMENTS IN 'AUX_CODES' ARRAY CORRESPONDS TO GPIO1-5 AND VREF2 PINS' DATA.
FUNCTIONS

THIS FUNCTION IS JUST SIMILAR TO 'LTC6804_RDCV_REG' FUNCTION. THE DIFFERENCE BEING IT

HANDLES AUXILIARY PINS.

THIS COMMAND CLEARS ALL THE CELL VOLTAGE REGISTERS AND INITIALISES THEM TO 1.

THIS COMMAND CLEARS ALL THE AUXILIARY REGISTERS AND INITIALISES THEM TO 1.
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS

WAKE ISOSPI FROM IDLE STATE.

WAKE LTC6804 FROM THE SLEEP STATE

FUNCTIONS

THIS FUNCTION WRITES AN ARRAY OF BYTES OUT OF THE SPI PORT.

THIS FUNCTION READS AND WRITES A SET NUMBER OF BYTES USING THE SPI PORT.