5 . FEATURES How well do you sleep? Complete a questionnaire about sleep The secrets of a long life How can you live to be one hundred? Nature is good for you ‘Nature and health: Laughter yoga A video about why laughing is good for you Lifestyle ‘Work in pairs. Describe the place in the photo. How do you think the person feels? HEI Work in pairs. Listen to a description of the place in the photo. Answer the questions. 1 Where is Bukhansan National Park? 2. How many people visit it every year? 3 Why do they go there? Look at the activities in the box. Which activities do you often do? ‘When do you do them? Tell your partner. take a bike ride cook a meal chat on social media play sports and exercise 490 for long walks 90 fishing play video games play @ musical instrument read books watch movies often go for long walks inthe evening.1a How well do you sleep? Vocabulary everyday routines 3 Tumtopege 19 nd find out what your arawers say about your lifestyle. 1 Work in pairs. Match the two parts of the e ts expressions for everyday routines. Then describe Grammar simple present and your typical day using some of the expressions. ce a adverbs of frequency 2 fall ae oneal 4 Match the sentences (1-2) with their uses (a-b). 3 takea ° o TV 4 aed eae 1 Lwork long hours and get home late. 2. The average human needs around eight hours 5. work long until midnight of sleep per night. 6 wakeup 0 eight a to talk about things that are always true 7 getupabout © carly to talk about habits and routines 8. stay up 9. hours Toften get home late from work Reading 2 Answer the questionnaire below. Then work in pairs and compare your answers. 1 Do you often feel tired? 4 How long do you usually sleep on the weekends? A No, | never feel tired during the day. A [usually sleep the same amount as any other day. B I sometimes feel tired after a long day at work. B I sometimes sleep for an extra hour or two. € All the time! I'm always ready for bed. € L always sleep until noon! I never get up early. 2. How many hours do you usually sleep 5 How often do you wake up in the middle of the night? at night? A [never wake up before morning, ‘A Between seven and eight hours. B [rarely wake up more than once. B More than nine. | rarely stay up late. € Two or three times a night. Fewer than six, 3. What do you usually do before you go to bed? A | watch TV or read a book. B l exercise C Ido some work.5 Look at the grammar box on page 10. Complete the article about sleep with the simple present form of the verbs in parentheses. The secrets of sleep Why ‘lo we sleep (we / sleep)? From birth, we ? (Spend) a third of our lives asleep, but scientists still > (not / know) exactly why. Why * (we / have) problems sleeping? In modern society, many adults *. (not / get) the seven or eight hours’ sleep they need every night, We*___ (work) long hours, and we rarely ? (go) to bed at sunset. Why * (we / sleep) differently? te (depend) on the time of year and also our age. Teenagers usually ° (need) more sleep than adults. Lots of elderly people " (not / sleep) longer than four or five hours at night, but they often = __ (take) naps during the day. 6 Pronunciation /s/, /z/, or /1z/ XE] Listen to the endings of these verbs. Is the sound /s!, /2/, or /iz/? Circle your answers. Then listen again and repeat. 1 feels /S/ Iz zi 5 goes Is Ja! ial 2 needs /S! Ia! fiz) 6 dances isi /2/ iz! 3 watches /s/ /z/ zi 7 does —/s/ /al hal 4 sleeps (si Jz! fiz 8 works fa! Iz! 7 Work in pairs, Discuss these questions. 1 What time do you and your friends usually get up? How late do you stay up? 2. Does anyone in your family ever take a nap the afternoon? 3. Do people sleep longer in the summer or in the winter? 8 Look at the list below. Then underline the adverbs of frequency in the questionnaire on page 10 and Write the missing adverbs in the lis. usually often not often rarely 9 Look at the grammar box above. Circle the correct, options to complete the rules (1-2) 1 Anadverb of frequency usually goes after / before the main verb, but it goes after / before the verb be. 2. An expression of frequency (e.g,, twice a week) usually goes at the begining /in the middle or at the end of a sentence. 10 Show the correct place in the sentence for the adverb or expression in parentheses. Sometimes there is more than one correct answer. 1. My brother (always) 2 Weeat at a restaurant. (about once a month) 3 Ltake a bus to school. (every day) 4. Sheis at home during the day. (rarely) 5 6 lays tennis on Saturday mornings. They go on vacation. (twice a year) Are you late for work? (often) Speaking 14 Work in pairs. Find out about your partner’s habits. 12 Take turns asking questions with How often ...? and the ideas in the box. Answer using an adverb or expression of frequency. A: How often do you eat out? B: About once a month, be late for work/school check your phone for messages ‘take public transportation feel stressed, go on vacation check your email play board games eat at a restaurant Work in groups. Prepare a questionnaire about lifestyle for another group. Start each question with How often ...2, Are you often ...2, of Do you ofter ...?, and offer three choices of answer (A, B, or C). Then ask your questions to the other group. Can you tell them what their answers say about their lifestyle? Unit + Lifestyle Gi)1b The secrets of a long life Reading 3 Look at the wordbuilding box. Complete the chart below with activites from the article 1 Work in pairs. Who is the oldest person you = know? How old is he or she? How healthy is ps Hoi et their lifestyle? 2 Work in pairs. Read the article The Se: Life. Answer the questions. 1 Why is Okinawa famous? 2. What kind of food do the people eat there? 3. Which of their activities do you do? 0 4. Add these activities to the chart in Exercise 3. Use a dictionary if necessary. Wordbuilding collocations with cards hiking homework nothing do, play, and go running shopping tennis the piano yooa soccer —_ karate surfing We use certain ni collocations. g0 fishing NOT de-fishing or play-fishing 5. Work in pairs. Tell your partner about people you know using the collocations in the chart. For more practice, see Workbook page 11. L g Lif Okinawa in Japan has some of the oldest people in the of age. Some of the reasons for their good health are that they: hat they catch. + govfshing and + dolot of gardening and grow their own fruit and vegetables ing, and rarely drive when they can walk end time with friends. They meet at people's 1ouses and play games. ‘exercise regularly go swimming, and lead active lve. ‘An 89:year-old woman from Okinawa picks eee ea acsListening 6 ERE Listen toa radio interview with photographer David McLain. Check (¥) the topics the speakers talk about. Ci the age of men and 1) sleep ‘women DB food OO family tite Di exercise 7 EB Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? 1. David McLain is traveling to 1 F different countries. 2. He's talking to the radio Lo announcer in the studio. 3. In Sardinia, men live to the t F same age as women. 4 Sardinian families rarely eat Te together. 5 Younger people are eating more TOF unhealthy food, and they aren’t exercising enough. 8 Work in pairs. Think about the lifestyle of people in your country. Is it similar to the lifestyle in Sardinia? How traditional is your country? Grammar simple present and present continuous 9 Look at the grammar box and the sentences, below from the interview. Which sentences use the simple present (5)? Which use the present continuous (C)? 1 Well, one man is trying to Ss G answer these questions — photographer David McLain. 2. He's speaking to us right now Bi on the phone. Men live to the same age as women. S. Every Sunday, the whole family S eats a big meal together. 5 Also, young people are moving s to the city, so they are exercising less because of their lifestyle a ana 10 We use the present continuous to talk about something happening now or around now. Match the three present continuous sentences in Exercise 9 with the uses (a-c). a. to talk about a changing situation b_ to talk about something happening around. now, but not necessarily at this exact moment © to talk about something actually in progress now —_ 11 Complete the sentences with the simple present or present continuous form of these verbs. reply go. fear read spend 1 We ‘veleanting __a new language at the ‘moment. 2. My friends and 1 often at each other’s houses. 3. Can you wait a minute? I to an email 4 How often time you tothe gym? 51 a really interesting book at the moment, Speaking 12 Write pairs of questions. Use the simple present in one question and the present continuous in the other. Then work in pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions. 1 a How / usually spend your free time? How do you usually spend your free time? b /you / play / many sports these days? Are you playing marty sports these days? / often / read novels? 2a b_ /sead / any good books at the moment? Where / usually goon vacation? b Where / plan to go this year? 7 speak / any other languages? b /Tearn / any new languages?1c Nature is good for you Reading 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo. Where do you think this woman is? 2. Read the article. Match the topics (a-c) with the paragraphs in the article (1-3). a how much time we spend outdoors b_ making nature part of city life studies by doctors 3. Work in pairs. Read the article again. Answer the questions. 1 What is the main change in how people spend their time? 2 What is happening at national parks in Canada? 3 After the math test, where did some people ook at pictures of nature? 4 What are they going to build in Dubai? 5. InSouth Korea, how many people visit the new forests every year? Word focus feel 4 Work in pairs. Underline four phrases with fee! in the first paragraph of the article. Match the phrases to the uses (1-3). 1. to talk about your emotions or health 2. to talk about wanting to do something 3. to talk about an opinion 5 Complete the questions with the words in the box. about better like that 1 What do you usually feel after a long day at work? doing 2 Doyou feel nature is good for us? Why or why not? 3. Aftera difficult day, what makes you feel in the evening? 4 How do you feel nature? 6 Workin pairs. Take turns asking and answering the questions from Exercise 5. A: What do you usually feel like doing after a long day at work? B: Going for a run in my local park and then eating dinner. Sometimes Igo out and meet friends. Critical thinking gi examples 7 When writers give an opinion, they often support the idea with examples. Look at these sentences. Which sentence has the main idea (M)? Which sentences give examples (E)? ing a For example, the number of ME visitors to Canada’s national parks is going down every year. b Humans are spending more ME time inside and less time outside. ¢ And in countries such as the ME USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. 8 Work in pairs. Read paragraphs 2 and 3 of the atticle. Find the sentence with the main idea and sentences with examples. Underline the phrases for giving examples. Forexamiple, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is going down every year. 9 Complete these sentences in your own words. Use examples from your own life. Then share your sentences with a partner. 1 Lrelax in my free time in different ways. For example, 2. My hometown has some places with trees and nature, such as .. 3. There are some beautiful national parks in my country. A good example is Speaking EES 10 Work in groups of four. Imagine your town has some money to make people's lives healthier. Loo! at the ideas below and think of one more. * plant one hundred new trees in the town * build a new park with a children’s play area * increase the number of bike paths across the tow! 11 Discuss the ideas in your group and choose the best one. Give reasons and examples. I think increasing the number of bike paths is a good idea because cycling is good for your health aed good fo the environment.is good for you i How do you feel about nature? After spending hours ndoors, do you often feel ike going outside for a walk? Or if you work for hours at your desk, do you feel better when you take a break and visit your local 5 park? Most people think that nature is good for us; its good for our bodies and good for our brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside, For example, the number of visitors to Canada's national parks is going down every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century, and that it is making our physical health worse. ‘As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health; one example of this is the work of Dr, Matilda van den Bosch in Sweden. The doctor gave two groups of people a math test. During the test, the heart rate’ of people in both groups increased. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality room with pictures and sounds of nature for fifteen minutes. Later, their heert rates were slower than the heart rates of people in the other group, The virtual contact with nature helped these people fee! more relaxed. Another good example of how nature 25 Is good for health comes from Canada, In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in cities. Overall, they found that people who lived near parks were healthier, Because of studies like these, some countries and cities 30 want nature to be part of people's everyday lfe. In Dubai, for exemple, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden, so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants, and water. In some countries— such as Switzerland —"forest schools" are popular; 35 schoolchildren study their subjects in the forest and do lots of exercise outside. And South Korea is another ‘good example: It has new forests near its cities, around 13 milion people vist these forests every year So after building cites fr so long, perhaps it’s now time 4 to start rebuilding nature * heart rate (n) shart ret the speed at which the heart beats (number of heartbeats per minute) Lifestyle (451d At the doctor’s Vocabulary medical problems 1 Look at the pictures. Match the people (1-8) with the medical problems (a-h). a. Ihave a headache. b Ihave a backache. ¢ Thave a runny nose. d Thave an earache. ¢ Thavea stomachache. £ Thavea temperature. & havea sore throat. hh Ihave a bad cough. 2. What do you do when you have the problems in Exercise 1? Discuss with a partner. Choose the best option (1-3) for each problem. 1 Igo tobed. 2. Itake medicine. 3. Igo to the pharmacy or see my doctor. 3 Pronunciation one or two syllables? Listen to these words. Which words have one syllable? Which words have two? Underline the stressed syllable in the two-syllable words. Then listen again and repeat. headache ear throat cough ache stomach earache backache Real life talking about illness 4 EEA Work in pairs. Listen to two conversations, one at a pharmacy and one at a doctor's office. ‘What medical problems does each person have? [AED Listen again and write the number of the conversation (1 or 2) next to each piece of medica advice (a-e). Take this medicine three times a day. 1_ Get some rest. Drink hot water with honey and lemon. — Take one tablet twice a day. — aooe Buy cough drops. — Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-6) with their endings. Use the expressions for talking, about illness to help you. 1 Doyouhave © this medicine. 2 Youshouldtake © © seeadoctor? 3 Isgoodfor 0 0 asore throat. 4 Whydon’tyou © © aheadache? 5. Idon’t feel oo well. 6 Youneedto 0 take these tablets. 7 Work in pairs. Student A: You have a medical problem. Choose one of the problems from Exercise 1 and tell Student B what your problem is. Student B: You are a pharmacist. Ask how Student A feels and give advice. ‘Then change roles and have a new conversation.1e Personal information Writing filling out a form 1. Work in pairs, Discuss these questions, + What kinds of forms do you sometimes fill out? * Think of a form you filled out recently. What information did you write? 2. Work in pairs. Look at these forms. What is each form for? Current occupation No. ofdependents Country of origin First language Details of past surgery or operations. PLEASE USE CAPITAL LETTERS FASSPORTNG xc oF are > | RTO aT | BDUCATION DEGREE, ETC] Have you visited his country before? ifyes, ive deta Contact details of person incase of emergency (eg, spouse next of kin) 3. Writing skill information ‘on forms @ Work in pairs. Match the questions (1-6) with the headings on the forms in Exercise 2 where you write the information. 1 Are you married, single, or divorced? marital status 2 Do you take any medicine? 3. How many children do you have? 4. What country were you born in? 5 Who can we call in your family if you need help? 6 Whatis the first letter of your middle name? b Look at the forms again. Discuss these questions with your partner. ‘Then check your answers on page 155, 1 How many abbreviations can you find in the forms? What do they mean? DOB = Date of birth 2 Under the heading Title on forms, we use the abbreviations ‘Mr., Mrs., Ms,,and Dr. What do they mean? 3 Which form doesn’t want you to write in lowercase letters? 4 Work in pairs. Design a form for new students at a language school + List all the information you need about the students. + Then prepare the form. 5 Exchange your form with another pair. Use these questions to check their form, Is their form easy to fill out? * Do you know what to write in each part? * Would you change anything on the form? unit ttesse @eee nee ee Cees in Laguna Beach, California.Before you watch 3 You are going to watch members of a laughter club doing. laughter yoga. What do you think the members do during, 1 Work in pairs and answer these questions, __their laughter yoga session? Check (/) the items you think are true. 1. Think of someone you know who laughs a lot, Describe that person. C1 They walk around and greet one another. 2. Do you laugh often? What makes you] They watcha funny movie. laugh? C1 They make eye contact with other members. 3. Look at the photo and the caption. CO They chant and clap their hands. Why do you think people join this CO They take funny photos on their cell phones. laughter club? 1 They all do the same body movements while laughing. 2 Key vocabulary While you watch Read the sentences (1-6). The words and phrases in bold are used in the video. 4 Watch the video, Were your predictions in Exercise 3 correct? ‘Write these words and phrases next to . their definitions (a-f). 5 CORBT Watch the video again. Are these sentences true (T) 1 [heard a funny joke yesterday. or false (FY? 2. Exercise is a good way to relieve stress. 1 ‘The people in the video are laughing in 3 The doctors performed an operation to because someone told a joke. clear a blockage in the blood vessels 2 Laughter yoga helps people feel ati that supply his heart. happier through laughing. 4 One of the benefits of yoga is increased 3 When you laugh, changes happen TE muscle strength and tone. in your body. 5 There are about 50 calories in an apple. 4 Laughing can help you lose weight. TF 6 Ifyou take in 2,500 calories a day, and bum 2500 calories aday, you'll stay at © CCIRIBE Watch the video again. Choose the correct option about the same weight (@orb) to complete each sentence. good or helpful results or effects 1 Laughing can make your blood vessels a cleaner b wider b amethod, style, or manner of doing 2 Laughing can reduce the risk of something ——_______ a heartdisease —b-certain cancers, finite nena hearin 3. You can burn calories when you laugh for of energy that food provides five to ten minutes. eee a 40 b 400 d_ the narrow tubes through which your 4. We start laughing when we are around. blood flows a one month old b three months old ee £ something said to cause laughter After you watch 7 Vocabulary in context (CREE Watch the clips from the video, Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases. 8 Work in pairs and answer these questions. 1 Would you join a laughter club? Why or why not? 2. Do you think laughter is better than other forms of exercise? Give examples to support your answer.UNIT 1 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar 5. Which words can follow the verb in bold? Cross out the incorrect word. 1. do homework, housework, relaxing, yoga’ 2 go asleep, surfing, jogging, home 3. play golf, swimming, games, tennis 4 feel tired, happy, ache, sick 1. Circle the correct options to complete the text about a man named Nazroo. 6 Work in pairs. Write four sentences using verbs from Exercises 4 and 5, but leave out the verb, We often__ yoga twhen we wake up. ‘Then work with another pair. Take turns reading your sentences and guessing the missing word. Real 7 Circle the correct options to complete the conversation between two friends. ‘A: How do /Do you feel? 2 Show the correct place in the sentence for the lt as expression in parentheses. In three sentences, there is Hees (atl B ne a pat ete ana tee correc ee ‘A: * Do you feel / Do you have a temperature? 1 Iplay video games. (rarely) B: I don’t know. I feel a little hot. 2. We're studying Spanish. (at the moment) ‘A: ° Try / You need drinking some honey and 3. My family plays sports. (every weekend) Jemon in hot water. 4 Ailmy friends are working, (these days) B: Good idea. A: But you ® should / it’s a good idea also see 3 BSMID Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 2so they are poiniocte: 3 true for you. 8 BSXMD Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Vocabulary ge 4 Match the verbs in A with the words in B. Then. complete the sentences with the expressions. A fall take work " 1. What medical problems do these people 8 tong hours asleep break Hat eglen pestle oo 2. What advice can you give them? phen because ofall You should go to bed. the noise outside my bedroom. 2. Atwork, we always. at I and have coffee. 3 Weall because there is a lot to do. these daysmodal verbs for rules Complete the desctiption of anisther competition with these modal verbs. Useeach:mexial verbsonly MODAL VERBS FOR RULES once. Each team must have five people and a shopping cart. They can’t change the wheels. All the teams have to start and finish at the same place. They don’t have to run on the same roads Players can pick up the ball and run with it must haveto don'thaveto can't can For mote information and practice, see page 158. Look at the sentences in the grammar box, Complete the explanations (2d) with the modal verbs in bold in the grammar box. a Weuse__ or___when the rales say is necessary. b Weuse___ when it's allowed by the rales. ¢ Weuse__ when something isn’t necessary but is allowed by the rules. d Weuse___ when itisn’tallowed by the rules. Circle the correct options to complete the sentences about different sports. 1 Do you have to / must wear a helmét when you play ice hockey? 2. Intennis, players don’ have to /can use video replay technology if they want to see where the ball landed. This technology has transformed the game of tennis, 3. Inbowling, you can bring your own ball, but you Every tivo years, people from all over the globe enter the Jame to / don’ hrc to if you don’t want to. 4 Secer ples mat dorset theres, Moti ear and Moustache Championships Theis ae cor the referee willsend them afftheficld. They | Simple: ou*_= ls! __be over eighteen veers old, and you*_____ have 3 moustache or a beard, or both. Also, you” put on false hair! In total, there are eighteen different categories, but competitors «only enter one category. There are ‘categories for short beards and different moustaches, so you? hhave the longest moustache or the biggest beard to win a prize, eave to /can’t argue with the rience. ng Work in pairs. You are going to explain the rules of a sport or competition. Choose one of the following. Make a list of six to seven rules. Then explain your rules to another pair. +a popular sport in yenir country + a popular TV quiz show or TV competition + an annual national or international competition a popular sport in my country. Yt too tems, a bal, zed a ba have to Competitions (23A Bre eeu 24 Winning and losing suffixes Ate any of the athletes in the photos famous in your country? Match the people (A~C) with these words. ‘tennis player soccer player — runner — WORDBUILDING suffixes You can add -er to some sports to describe the pperson wiho plays the sport: ski>> skier, golf» golfer You can add player to some sports: tennis tennis player, baseball > baseball player Some sports don't use the suffix -er or player: athletics» athlete, cycle cyclist For more practice, see Workbook page 19. Workin pairs, Look at the wordbuilding box. ‘What is the word for a person who: 1 boxes? beer 5, plays chess? 2 motorcycles? 6 drives racing car? 3. playsbasketball? 7 does gymnastics? 4 swims? 8 goes surfing? Bee ta Pee en ec Work in pairs, Who are the most famous athletes in your country? What type of athlete are they? (eg, scoimmer, «golfer, a skateboarder) Lionel Messt is very famous in my country, He's a soccer player. Read the quotes withthe photos. Do you think ‘witining is always important in sports? Why or why nof? Discuss with a partner Listen to three people talking about competitive sports in schools. Match the speakers (1-3) with their opinions (a-e) a Speaker ____ thinks'rton-competitive sports are a good idea. b Speaker thinks competitive sports area good idea in schools. © Speaker thinks sports in schools are a good idea, but there can be problems. a: eee pee eed eee ea6 Look at these opinions for and against 10 Work in pairs. Put the words in the correct order to make competitive sports in schools. Which are the quotes by famous athletes. Then match the ~ing forms opinions for (F) and which are the opinions with the uses (a-c) in Exercise 9. against (A)? 1 never / thought / losing / of / 1 1 Winning and losing teaches ®a (Muhammad Ali, boxer) students about life. 2. love / Ijust / winning 2 Alotof successful schools don’t F A (Ayrton Senna, race car driver) have competitive sports. 3 a champion / afraid / losing / isn’t / of 3 Children get more exercise when FA. (Billie Jean tennis player) they try to win. 4 hate /1/ losing 4 Winning isn’t importantas long FA (Sachin Tendulkar, cricket player) as you do your best. 5 'm/ more worried about / a good person / being / 5. Children learn to work wellin =F A. than being the best soccer player teamo when they play agit (Lionel Messi, soccer player) other teams. 6 Students lear toworkhard FA 114 EXEED Circle the correct options to complete this by doing competitive sports. conversation. Then listen and check. 7 Some parents don'tlike losing FA ‘A: What's on TV? and get angry with their children. B: 'Cyele / Cycling. It’s the Tour de Prance. [love *wateht / 8 Allchildren are different, and = FA. ‘watching it. some aren’t good at sports. A: Oh, no! I think / thinking it’s boring! 9 Competitive sports are fun. BOA B I disagre. really enjoy ‘watch / watching the cyclists 5 ‘the mountains., ? ERIN which opinion 1-9) rom Exerc 6 2: t/t in fentof he TV all day sexing’ speaker tired of Sdo /doing nothing: Are you any good at tennis? check, ‘We could “play / playing this afternoon. Speaker 1__L.__ B: But want to "watch /watching this. Seeker? ‘A: What's wrong? Are you afraid of lose /losing? 8 ovinpooms becuse epi ‘12 Pronunciation /o/ Exercise 6. Answer these questions. :@ EREEI Listen to six words. Circle the word you hear. 1 Which opinions do you agree with? 1. thin think thing 2. Which do you disagree with? 2 win wink wing 3. Are there any other reasons for or 3. ban bank bang against competitive sports in schools? 4 sin sink sing. 5 ran rank rang Grammar -ing form 6 pin Pink ping b [REEL Listen again to the conversation from Exercise 11. Notice the pronunciation of the -ing forms. Then work in pairs and practice the conversation. Speaking EES 13 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out what sports or activities your partner likes. Then complete the sentences. , ‘A: Whet sports do you love watching? 9 Look at the grammar box. The verbs in the ing form are in bold, Match these verbs 3B: Tennis. What about you? (1-3) with the uses ofthe «ing form (@-c)- 1 Tove watching but my partner doesn : : think is boring, but my partner loves it! 4 Itis the subject ofthe sentence, . tn Itcomes after a verb (e.., like), 3. Weboth enjoy ————., but we hate ¢ Ttcomes after a peeposition (e.g. 9). 4 Ym good at ___, but my partner isn’t. Unit2 Competitions2c Bolivian wrestlers Reading 1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 Domany people watch boxing or wrestling in your country? 2. Why do some people dislike these types of sports? 3. What do you think about these sports? 2 Read the article about wrestling in Bolivia. Which paragraph (1-5) describes: a the two wrestlers before the fight? _ the popularity of male and female wrestling in Bolivia? ¢ Yolanda’s family life? — a tne reason wity iit wanes 16! fe the fight between the two wrestlers? 3 Find words in the article for these definitions, 1 something people watch for pleasure entertainment 2. alarge group of people 3. the person who describes the action ina sport c 4 get very excited, shout, and jump up and down ae ee 5. people who like « famous athlete 6 the money you eam for work done Critical thinking reading between the lines 4 Anarticle doesn’t always tell us about how people feel, but we can often guess. Match the people from the article (1-3) with the sentences (ac). 1 Yolanda 2. Yolanda’s daughter 3. Esperanza a “Idon’t understand why wrestling is so popular.” b. “Lfeel wonderfui every time I step into the ring.” “Life is very hard for people like me.” — 5 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. 1 How do you feel about the women wrestlers? 2 Would you like to see this sport? Why or why not? Word focus like 6 The word like has a number of meanings and uses. Match the sentences (1-4) with the uses (2-4). a We use like + noun to talk cbout things we enjoy. b_ We use like + -ing to talk atout activities we enjoy doing. © We use be/look like to talk ebout similarities between people/ things actions. We use would like to + base form of a verb to talk about future plans or ambitions. 1 Most people like soccer. — 2 Yolanda and Claudina are like famous pop stars. — oF Wiad Your adagatecrufilase becoroe wrestlers one day? 4 Esperanza likes watching wrestling. — 7 Match the questions with like (1-5) with their answers (a-e). What do you like doing on the weekend? What kind of music do you like? Are you like anyone in your family? Where would you like to go on your next vacation? What does your dad look Eke? Yeah, I'm really similar to my mom, — Spain. Or Portugal, maybe — Anything. Rock, classical—I don’t mind. — Going to the movies. — He's tall and has brown hair, — 8 Workin pairs. Take turns asking the questions from Exercise 7 and giving your own answers. Speaking 9 Work in groups. Can you name ten sports in the Olympic Games? 10 These six sports are not in the Olympic Games. Discuss the questions in your group and give reasons for your answers. ‘American football bowling cricket mixed martial arts darts squash 1 Which of the six sports do you think is the most popular? 2. Which three sports would your group like to have at the next Olympics?2 In Bolivia, soccer is the national sport, but the country is also famous for another sport—wrestling, Local people like watching wresting, and its popular with tourists, too. It’s an exciting mixture of sport, drama, and entertainment. When modern wrestling started in Bolivia in the 1950s, the competitors were all men, but nowadays women are also competing in the ring. The city of EI Alto is a good place to watch wrestling, Hundreds of spectators go to the fights in the evening. This evening, the crowd is sitting around a huge wrestling ring and shouting, “Bring them on! Bring them on!” Suddenly, the commentator is speaking into a microphone, “Ladies and gentlemen. It's time for Yolanda and Claudina!” The crowd is screaming with excitement as two women in colorful clothes enter the ring, Yolanda and Claudina are like famous pop stars, They smile and wave to their fans. The music stops, and the referee starts the fight. Claudina jumps on Yolanda. Fs 30 Then Yolanda throws Claudina on the floor. As Claudina ies on the floar, Yolanda smiles and waves to the crowd. Then Claudina gets up and pushes Yolanda onto the ground. One minute, Yolanda is winning. The next minute, Claudina is winning, The spectators go crazy! ‘Away from the ring, many wrestlers are women with LE families. At home, Yolanda has a normal, quiet family life. She has two daughters, and she makes clothes for a living. Her father was also a wrestler, sc tradition. in answer to the question daughters like to become wrestlers one day?”, Yolanda says they wouldn't. She answers, “My daughters ask me why | do this. Its dangerous, and they complain that sa family wrestling doesn't bring any money into the house.” So why does she do it? Yolanda loves wrestling because of her fans—and she Ek has lots isis named Esperanza Cancina. Esperanza pays $1.50 (a large part of her salary) to sit near the ring, She likes watching wresting because, she’says, “We laugh and we forget our problems for three or four hours.” Competitions (272d Joining a group Speaking 41 Work as a class or in groups. Interview different people. Find someone who: 1 isamember of a team or club, 2 has to go to regular meetings (e.g., every week), 3. competes with their team or club, Real life talking about interests 2. Work in pairs. Look at the ads below. Would you like to join one of these clubs? Why or why not? Join our running groups for beginners and for more experienced runners. It’s non-competitive and fun. 7 p.m. every Wednesday. tay friends? ‘The Barton Photography Club welcomes re enter our summer photography competition. Call Mike for details at 415-555-2671 BO rR Mae new members. We are a busy club with regular speakers Join before March tst and Fist prize i a new XPBii cameral The entry fe is $15 (including membership). Visit [Link] to join. OLR ALY, COUT AGL, Have fun with a local eee enter} pees cous ais pee) er ek Sees neers a Write to Mandy Giles at mandy76@[Link] 3 PEED Wo people are looking at the ads (from Exercise 2) in ther local newspaper. Listen to their conversation. Number the ads (A-C) in the order they are discussed (1-3). A B__ = 4. [RB Listen again and complete these sentences with the words you hear You're really ________ taking photos. 1 2 Wall, joining something else? 3. Are you acting? 4. standing up in front of people. 5 'm_______good at singing. 6 Youshould _.. Ithink you'd enjoy it 7 think I'd — join this one on ‘Wednesday evenings. 8 It like fun, you come, 00? 5 Workin pairs. Match the sentences in Exercise 4 With the three categories in the box below. Talking about interests and abiliti Do you like taking photos? 'm good at acting. I'm (not) interested in photography. Talking about plans I'd like/prefer to join a running club. | wouldn't like to do it. Recommending and encouraging It looks interesting. Goon. I think you'd enjoy You should do it with me. 6 Pronunciation silent letters [RE Some letters in English words are not pronounced. Listen to these words from the conversation and cross out the silent letters. Then listen again and repeat. 1. interested 4 could 2 should 5 what 3. friends 6 whole 7 Work in pairs. What other clubs would you like to join? Why would you like to join them?2e Advertising for members Writing an ad 11 Work in small groups. What makes a good ad and a bad ad? Think about ads you like and don’t like in magazines, on TV, or online. 2 Read the advice about how to write effective ads, Then look at the ads on page 28. Discuss these questions as a group. 1. Which ad follows most of the advice? 2. How could you improve the ads? (Cow to WRITE EFFECTIVE ADS © Start with a good headline. You could ask a question or solve a problem. + The ad should explain the reasons for buying something or joining a club * If possible, offer something for free or a prize. * Include any other important information (dates, times, location, contact information, etc) * Photos, pictures, or images always help. 3 Work in pairs. You are going to plan a new club, Discuss these questions What type of club is it? Who is the club for? Are there any rules for members? Is there a membership fee? How much is it? Where and how often will it meet? 4 Plan and write an ad for your club. 5 Writing skill checking your writing It is important to check your writing for mistakes before people read it. Read these sentences (1-8) from ads and find one mistake in each sentence. Circle the mistake and write the correct symbol from the correction key. Each key is used once. 1. Would you like to lean a music inst Enter our exciteing competition! Are yeu geed at play tennis? It's fun way to get fit. #_ 6 Join this club new! Get healthy and play yoga 8 Call peter at 077 237 5980, ___ Writing correction key Sp = spelling mistake Mot missing word ' punctuation mistake Prep reposition mistake er grammar mistake wo word order mistake c capital letter mistake wal = wrong word b Read your ad from Exercise 4 again. Are there any mistakes? 6 Display your ads around the classroom. Walk around and read about each other’s new clubs. Think about these questions. ‘+ Which clubs would you like to join? + Which ads are effective? Why? 7Before you watch 1. Work in pairs. Look atthe photo of horse racing in Mongolia. Answer these questions, 1 Do you have horse racing in your country? 2. How popular is it as a sport? Key vocabulary Read the sentences (1-7). The words and phrases in bold are used in the video. Write these words and phrases next to their definitions (a-g). 1. In the Olympic Games, each winner receives a gold medal. 2 T got 100% on the exam, so I feel very proud of myself. A religious man blesses people. My horse can run like the wind. At the festival, there were displays by actors and performers. 6 Atypical rodeo includes events such as bull riding and catching cows with ropes. 7 In this competition, [have one main rival who always tries to beat me asks a god (or gods) to protect something or someone 'b_ pleased because you've done something well © shows or presentations d_ ametal disc given for an achievement ©. very quickly £ accompetition where cowboys show different skills & a person who is as good or almost as good as, you at doing something 4 CORRE Watch the video again. Choose the correct option (a or b) to complete each sentence. 1 The Naadam is a Mongolian festival. a spring b_ summer 2. Mukhdalai and Namjin are horse who ‘compete against each other. a riders b_ trainers 3 Mukhdalai and Namjin a like b. don'tlike 4 There are about race. a. twenty b cighty 5. The starting point is at the a top of a hill b_ bottom of a valley ‘wearing green and white, a Mukhdalai’s son b Namjin’s son 7 Mukhdalai’s horse is in first place for race. a the whole b_ part of the 8 Itis Namjin’s horse's __race. a first b fifth ‘each other. horses competing in the After you watch 5 Vocabulary in context @ CER Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases. bb Work in pairs, Ask and answer these questions. While you watch 3 CORRE Watch the video. Number these 1. What are some annual celebrations in your country? actions in the order you see them (1-6). — Mukhdalai’s horse wins the race. — The riders leave the starting point. 2. Imagine you and your classmates are competing ina 100-meter race, Who do you think will take the lead and win? Do you think this person will, finish a long way ahead of the rest? —L. Areligious woman blesses the horses. —— Mukhdalai receives first prize. — Ahorse rider picks up poles. — Two men wrestle. 6 Work in pairs. Write five questions about the Naadam festival in the video. What is the Naadam festival femous for? 7 Work with a new partner. Take turns asking and answering your questions from Exercise 6 about the Naadam. Unte2 competions @Grammar 1 Circle the correct options to complete the text about an unusual competition. The first bed race was in Knaresborough, UK, in 1966. The rules are simple. Each team "cant /lts £0 race with one bed on wheels. There are six people to a team and one passenger. The team must / doesn’t have fo have either six men or six women, or you? cant /can’t also race with a team of three men and three women. The passenger “ has to / doesn't have to be an adult, but he or she 5 doesn’t have to /can't be younger than twelve years old. The time limit for the race is thirty minutes, and you * can't /have to take longer. 2. BEIM Work in pairs. What sports do these people play? Describe two rules for each sport, Venus Williams Lionel Messi Usain Bolt 3 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of these verbs. 90 learn lose watch win to speak another language is very useful 2. Peter is very competitive—he hates —__ ‘Trying is more important than 4 I think ____ toa basketball game is ‘more fun than iton TV. 4 BSXIET complete the sentences in your own words using the -ing form. Then tell a partner. 1 ____is very good for you. 2 I'mreally interested in 3. Idon’t like * UNIT 2 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Vocabulary 5 Write the missing vowels in these words related to sports. Race with a partner to see who can finish first 6 Work in pairs. Answer these questions with four of the words from Exercise 5. 1. What do you have to cross in a race? 2 Whatis the opposite ofa loser? 3. What type of competition is Formula One? 4 What do you call a group of people who like an athlete or a sports team? 7 BEXME Work in pairs. Choose three more words from Exercise 5 and write three questions for them. Then werk with another pair and take turns asking and answering your questions. “talk about sports and athletes Real life 8 Complete the conversation. Write one word in each blank, A: Are you interested * painting? There’s a new evening class at my college. B: But I'm not very good ?___art. A: I'm not either, but I'd like Come on. You should do it#__ B: Sorry. What about doing something else? A:!___you like taking photos? There's also a class for that. B: Actually, that sounds interesting. 9 ESETEI Complete these sentences in your own ‘words. Then share your sentences with a partner learn. me. 1 T'mgood at 2. I think I'd enjoy learning 3. T'malso interested in 4 wouldn't like toSe oe ey FEATURES 34 Transportation solutions Find out about some ne transportation ide Transportation around the world Comparing different types of transportation The end of the road How much longer ean the rickshaw surviv Indian Railways A video about one of the world’s largest transportation networks nl 2 3 in pairs. Look at the photo. Where is the woman? Why do you think she is traveling like this? [XEH Listen to someone talking about the photo. Why isn’t the woman inside the train? Work in pairs. Which ways of traveling would you prefer f the activities (1-7)? Give your reasons. bybicycle by bus bytruck by plane by train in my car ina taxi ona ferry on fo ‘on a motorg) ona ship 1 visit relatives move house and furniture (0 the air out in the evening toa party or restaurant commute to school or work go shoppingTransportation solutions Read the article about three solutions to transportation problems. Match the paragraphs with the photos (1-3) Paragraph A, Patagtaph B Paragraph C __ Look at the photos and read the article again. Which types of transportation do the sentences (1-4) describe? Match the sentences to a-c below. Some sentences describe more than one type. Itmoves over people's heads. It’s a faster way to commute. It’s environmentally friendly. It’s good for long distances. driverless cars monorail © Hyperloop _l. V transportation nouns WORDBUILDING compound nouns We can join two words to make a new noun: bus + stop = bus stop, air + port = airport, down + town = downtown A compound noun can be two words (bus stop) or one word (airport) For more practice, see Workbook page 27. Find the compound nouns in bold in the article. Match them with their definitions (1-6). 1 the maximum speed you can legally drive —_speed limit _ 2 along line of vehicles moving slowly on the road —_ 3. the time of day when lots of people travel to/from work —_ 4 the money you spend on gas for transportation 5 the amount of CO, that a type of transportation produces 6 the main or central part of a city —___ Work in pairs. Discuss these questions, 1 Which of the:three transportation solutions in the article do you think are a good idea? 2. Which traffic problems could they solve in your area? a BMW, Volvo, General Motors, and Google are all currently working on driverless cars. Some driverless cars use solar energy, which reduces fuel costs and lowers carbon emissions. They are aso safer because the computer controls the speed, so they can’t go faster than the speed limit. This monorail in New Zealand is a new solution for ‘commuters in a traffic jam during rush hour. The passenger sits in a pod and can cycle over people's heads. Google has already invested over $1 million in this idea. In the future, the Hyperloop could be a common type of public transportation. It's a long tube with no air inside, and passengers sit inside pods that travel at 1,200 kilometers per hour. t would reduce air and noise pollution. There are already plans forthe first Hyperloop between downtown San Francisco and Los Angeles. The distance is around 600 kilometers, and it would only take 30 minutes of travel time,Grammar comparatives and superlatives 5 CREE Work in pairs. Listen to a conversation between two colleagues at work. Which types of transportation do they talk about? What advantages and disadvantages do they mention? 6 CREED Look at the grammar box below and circle the correct options in these sentences, Listen again and check. 1. Bight-thirty in the moming is the bad /zorst time for traffic. 2 My bicycle sister /fstest than your ca dung 3 Tene far rte han you 4 They're betier, but they're also more / most expensive. 5. The most fast /fostest bus takes over an hour. 7 Workin pairs. Look at the grammar box. Answer these questions. 1 _ What letters do we add to short adjectives (fst, __ cheap, etc: to form comparative and superlative ives? 2 We use more before longer adjectives to make the comparative. What word do we use to make the ive? 3. Which word often comes after a comparative adjective? Which word normally comes before asuperlative adjective? 8 Pronunciation than @ [RBG Listen to the pronunciation of than in these sentences. Listen again and repeat. 1. Cars are faster than bicycles. 2. Bicycles are better for the environment than cars. by Work in pairs. Practice saying these sentences. 1 travel farther than you. 2. Atrain is more expensive than a bus. 9 this: about: i oprhieermeemare superlative form, pada orm ftir athe Report on Report on local transporte transportation For commuting and daytime travel in our town, the (Popular) | form of transportation is the bus because it's ?____ (cheap) than going by car or | taxi, However, some people in the survey prefer to cycle because the bus is» (Glow) | than a bicycle during rush hour. Everyone said that parking downtown is the * (big) problem, s0 people don’t often use their cars. ‘Asa result, taxis are* (popular) , _ than private cars, Speaking EQ 10 Work in pairs. Form comparative and superlative sentences with these ‘words and adjectives. How many sentences can you make in ‘Trnins ave quicker thant cars, but planes are the fastest type of transportation. ‘Work in pairs. Find out about your partner’s. commute to work or school. Take tums asking and 1 How far do you travel to work or school? 2. What type of transportation do you use? 3 . How long does it take? 4. How much does it cost every week? commutes. My home is farther from school than yours. / ‘Your home is closer than mine. ‘Work with another pait. Compare your information. Find out: 1 who livés the closest to / farthest away from work or school Mario lives the closest to work, and Ahmed lives the farthest away. ‘Who has the shortest / longest commute who has the cheapest /-most expensive commute each week 4. which type of transportation is the least / ist Popular in the group: 12 Unit 3 Transportation @ie 3b Transportation around the world Listening 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos. Where do you think they were taken? What are the advantages of using animals for ‘transportation in these places? [REED Work in pairs, Listen to ee eal transportation. Why does the aeakex tay capela anc hist, arebetter than cars? Listen to the documentary again. What do these numbers describe? Make notes and compare your answers with a partner. Camels Huskies SOdegrees _—_-50 degrees 40 kilometers 6 and 8 huskies 3toSdays —1,600kilometers Grammar as... as 1 Jp some parts of the world, animal transportation is as popular as these ‘modern vehicles 2 In winter, northem Alaska can be as cold as the North Pole. 3 For long distances, modern vehicles are not as good as camels. 4 A camel isn't as comfortable as a car. “ “For more information and practice, see page 160. 4 Work in pairs. Look at the grammar box and answer these qu tions. a Which two sentences say two things are the same or equal? b Which two sentences say two things are different, and one thing is less than the other? 5 Work in pairs ard rewrite these sentences. Use as... as or not as ... as and the adjective in parentheses, 1. The subway from Hong Kong airport to Kowloon costs $100, and a taxi costs $210. (not / expensive) The subsoay ftom Hong Kong airport to Korwloon isn’t as expensive asa taxi 2. The ferry from Jordan to Egypt takes one hour. A bus ride over land takes two hours. (not / slow) 3. During rush hour in New York, riding a bike to work and taking a bus take the same amount of time. (fast) 4 In Colombia and Greece, 9% of households own motorcycles. (popular)6 Pronunciation sentence stress EREZE Listen to these sentences. Underline the ._ stressed word in each sentence. Then listen again and repeat. 1 Riding a bike is as popular as jogging, 2. Trains aren’t as expensive as taxis. 3 \Los Angeles airport is as busy as London Heathrow. 4 Acar isn’t as fast as a bicycle in a traffic jam. 7 Work in pairs. Ask questions to find out how similar or different you and your partner are. Then write sentences. (Cantos is as tall as me. / He ist as old as me. His family isn’t as big as mine. Vocabulary transportation adjectives 8 Read part of anews article about taxis in London. ‘What does it compare? Tamas 9 Find the words in bold in the article. Then match them with their definitions (1-5). 1 It’salways on time. 2 Ithas existed for a long time. 3 Wsnice to sit in. 4 Is nearby or easy to use. 5. Itdoes what you need it to. Grammar comparative modifiers _, a little faster cis reaper and 10 Look at the grammar box. Complete these rules (1-2) with the comparative modifiers in bold in the grammar box. 1 To talk about a small difference, we use —__or__ before a comparative adjective. 2. Totalkabout a big difference, we use —__01__“ before a comparative adjective. 14 Workin pairs. Look at the information about ‘transportation for visitors to Tokyo. Form sentences ‘using these ideas and comparative modifiers. 1 Ataxi is / expensive than ... Taking a taxis a lot more expensive than taking a bus. 2. The subway is / frequent than ... 3° Taxis are / quick than ... ¥e00for Around Y500for unlimited use. ¥300 for unlimited allsubway every travel lines for 24 kilometer anywhere traveled inthe main | “areas of the | city for one day “Abus comes ime at taxi about every during peak | stands and | § minutes hous on busy linescover the taxi_ slower than every partof is vacant; taxis and Tokyo agreen subways; plate | buses don’t means it’s run atnight __ occupied Speaking EEO 12. What advice would you give a visitor arriving in ‘your country for the firs time? What are the best ‘ways to get around? Tell your partner. Unit 3 Transportation (G7)3c The end of the road Reading 1 You are going to read an article about a city in India. Write one thing you know about India. ‘Then tell the class. 2 Read the article. Which paragraph (1-3) talks about: why people like rickshaws in Kolkata? b_ modern transportation in Kolkata? —_ the end of the old rickshaws in Kolkata? 3 Work in pairs. Read the article again and answer these questions. ‘What is the population of Kolkata? ‘What are streets like in Kolkata? 1 2 3. Where is it safer for pedestrians to walk? Why? 4 Why do local housewives and tourists like taking rickshaws? 5. Some politicians want a new type of rickshaw. How is it different? 6. How many people pull the old rickshaws in Kolkata? 7 Why don’t these drivers use the new rickshaws? Vocabulary transportation verbs 4 Read paragraphs 1 and of the article again. Find verbs or verb phrases that can replace the verbs in bold below. 1 I'd prefer to travel by taxi to the airport. It's much quicker. gee bee 2. Tean collet the children from school on my ‘way home from work. Pu 3 Ineed to go now if I want to get the next train. _ 4 You'd better leave now or you will not make your fight. im 5 Tell the driver to leave you outside the restaurant. d_ you o__ Critical thinking opinions for and against 5 Work in pairs. There are five different groups of mentioned in the article: shoppers, tourists, Politicians, children (and parents), and rickshaw drivers. Which groups: 1 are for hand-pulled rickshaws in Kolkata? 2 are against the hand-pulled rickshaws? Give reasons for your answers. 6 Work iri pairs. Do you think the writer gives a balanced view of the opinions on both sides? Why ‘or why not? Speaking Hi 7 Look at the photo above of a pedicab. Then work in groups. You want to start a pedicab company in your town or city. Discuss these questions and make notes. 1 Who are your main customers? (commuters, tourists, otc.) 2. Why are pedicabs better than other types of transportation (buses, taxis, etc.)? 3. How much do you charge? Are you cheaper ‘or more expensive than other transportation? 4 Whatis the name of your business? How can you advertise your business? (on the internet, ‘on TY, ete.) 8 Asa group, give a presentation about your edicab company to the class. Listen to other groups and compare your ideas. Which group has the best ideas?olkata is the capital of West Bengal in India. It has a population of around 15 million people, and rush hour starts early in the morning. All day there are traffic jams with cars, public buses, taxis, motorcycles, and pedicabs;' and drivers honk 0 their horns? from morning to night. You can also catch the train or get on the subway, but those are busy, too. For pedestrians, Kolkata can be sdangerous—crossing the road is especially difficult, Fortunately, the old parts of the city have smaller streets that are better for pedestrians. Cars can’t drive 20 down them so they are much quieter and a lot safer. In these old streets, you'll see men pulling rickshaws. Rickshaws Ed are a traditional type of transportation in the city, and local people still ike using them. In the morning, the drivers pick 25. up children and take them to school. And if you miss your bus to work, a hand-pulled rickshaw is much cheaper than taking a taxi, Later on in the day, housewives often prefer to go by rickshaw to the local markets. The drivers drop the women off with their shopping outside their houses; no other type of public 30 transportation can do that! So rickshaws are popular with many local people. When the trafficis very bad, you can go anywhere by rickshaw. Kolkata is one of the last cities in the world with hand- pulled rickshaws, so the drivers also make money from tourists. Visitors to the city often want to get a photograph of themselves 35_ sitting on a rickshaw because it's a famous symbol of Kolkata However, not everyone thinks the famous rickshaws are a a good idea. Some local politicians don't like this old type of transportation because they think it’s wrong for one human. ‘to pull another. Instead, they want more rickshaw drivers to 40. use pedicabs or modern electric rickshaws, which are clean and fast. The problem is that Kolkata has around 2,000 traditional rickshaw drivers. They are often men from villages in the countryside, and they don’t have any other job. The new electric rickshaws are very expensive, so these drivers can't afford 45. them. For these men, it’s probably the end of the road for the traditional rickshaw and their way of life. pedicab (n)/pedikb/ a type of taxi with no engine. The driver pedals. ® honk your horn (exp) thon ja: hoeen/ make a loud noise in acarto tell people you are therew= 3d Getting around town Vocabulary taking transportation 1 Lookat these pairs of words (1-5). ‘words with their definitions (a or b). 1 stop_6_ / stands athe place you get a taxi b the place you get a bus 2 fare / price a the money you pay for a trip by bus, train, or taxi the amount of money something costs 3. change — / receipt — a the money you get back when you pay more than the price the piece of paper you receive to show you paid for something 4 gate / platform a the place you get on a train b the place you get on a plane 5 book — / check in a when you buy a ticket in advance b_ when you arrive at an airport and register for a flight Real life going on a trip 2 CREE Work in pairs. Listen to five conversations. Javier and Shelley are going to the airport, but they take different transportation. Answer the questions. 1. Where does Javier ask the taxi driver to take him? 2 How much is the taxi fare? 3 Where does Shelley want to go? 4 How much is Javier's train ticket? Which platform does the train leave from? 5 . What does Shelley show the woman? How many bags does she check in? 3 Look at the expressions for going on a trip. Then listen to the conversations again. Circle the sentences you hear. GOING ON A TRIP Ina taxi I'd like to go to the station, please You can stop here, How much is that? Do you have change? Do you want a receipt? At the train station A round-trip ticket to the airport, please. First or second clas? One way or round trip? Which platform is it? At the aleport Ona bus Can Isee your passport? Do you stop at the How many bags are you airport? checking in? A one-way or round-trip only have this cary-on, ticket? Window or aisle seat? Please stop at the an | geta seat next to my next one. friend? That's two dollars. 4 Pronunciation intonation In everyday English, people don’t always use full questions. For example, they can say One way or round trip? instead of Do you want a one-toay or round-trip ticket? Listen to these questions. Mark the intonation 1 or —~y, Ss 1 OngWway or roundtrip? 4 Bus or train? 2 Window or aisle seat? 5 North or south? 3. Credit card or cash? 6 First or second class? 5 Workin pairs. Look at the four situations (ed) with people going to an airport. Act out conversations using the expressions for going on a trip to help you. Student A: You are the passenger. Student B: Take the other role in the conversations (eg, the taxi driver). Then change roles and repeat.3e Quick communication a Writing notes and messages 11 Workin pairs. How do you normally send notes and Meet outside airport at 2? messages to friends and colleagues? By text or email? OK? ‘What other ways do you use? 2 Read the notes and messages (1-8). Match them with the reasons for writing (a-e). ne Sorry. Bus late, Will b b apologisin Ty. Bus late. Will be © ving travel information 15 minutes late, _ suggesting a time and place to meet e giving a message from someone else 3 Writing skill writing in note form ‘@ Work in pairs. People often leave out words in notes Javier called. Call him back. and messages. Look again at the notes and messages 213-508-6986, ‘in Exercise 2. Find places where the writers have left out these kinds of words. * articles (eg., a, the) * pronouns (eg, I, me) + auxiliary verbs (eg, do, are) , * polite forms (e.g., Would you like to ...? Can we ...?) Train leaves platform 6. (Can we) Meet outside (the) airport at 2? (Is that) OK? b How would you rewrite these phone messages as shorter text messages? Discuss with a partner. 1 “T'msorry, but I'm stuck in a traffic jam. Il see ‘Thanks for getting tickets. you in half an hour.” Here's the money. ‘Sorry. Stuck in traffic. See you in 30 ntins. 2. "Thank you for booking the train tickets. Il pay you when we meet at the station.” 3. "My lights an hour late. Meet mein the arrivals (ar) area at five o'clock.” 4 Workin pairs. Write a short note or message for Plane at gate 6. each situation (1-3). 1 You have to work late. Write a text to your friend. Say you will arrive at the restaurant an hour later. 2. Youare meeting a friend downtown tonight. Ask ‘your friend to meet you at the taxi stand outside the train station. 3. You cannot travel with your friend on the subway ‘Am in taxi, See you outside in 5? to the airport. Explain that you will take the bus and meet him or her in the check-in area. 5 Think of another situation on your own and write a short message to your partner. Then exchange oo) messages. Can you understand the other person's message? Write a reply if necessary. Afraid | was late, so missed meeting. My apologies. Unit 3 Transportation (i)Indian RailwaysBefore you watch 1 Workin Look at the photo and the caption. Why do you think trains are a popular type of transportation in india? / 2 Key vocabulary @ Work in pairs. Read the sentences (1-5). The words in bold are used in the video. Guess the meaning ofthese words, ‘Don’t walk on the railway track! A train might come, ‘Some of the trains in India have impressive names Tike The ‘Queen, live in a rural village about thirty kilometers from. the nearest town. ‘This toy train is a miniature of the real thing. My company has large workforee, We employ over five hundred people. om @ Ne b Write the words in bold in Exercise 2a next to their definitions (a-). a important-sounding —_ 1b the metal line that a train runs the group of people who work fora company _ While you watch 3 CRERE Watch the video about Indian Railways with the sound OFF. Number these actions in the order you ‘see them (1-6). Amanis checking the railway track with a ‘hammer. ‘A train is traveling in the Indian countryside. Hundreds of people are walking on a platform during rush hour. People are playing a game on the train. Aman with a white beard is dancing with two swords. ‘Aman is serving food on the train. 4 COXERI Watch the video with the sound ON. Circle the correct options. 1 Bvery day, approximately two lnundred thousand / 00 milton ass through the Victoria Terminus in Mumbai. ‘There are over oite billion / two billion people in India. The British built the railways in India in the eighteenth / nineteenth century. “The first steam train in India was in eighteen thirty-three / fifty-three. ‘There are over thirty-eight thousand the thousand eg handed mies of allway track in India. x am on 6 The Grand Trunk Express has traveled through India since nineteen twertty-nine / ine. thirty-ni 7 India’s railways carry four milion / i year. After you watch 5 Vocabulary in context @ CEERI Watch the clips from the video. Choose the commect meaning of the words and phrases. b Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions. 1. Does your country have an enormous most stressful? Why? In your country, which company is one of the langest employers? What do they make or provide? (CUBE You are going to prepare a narration for a new version of the Indian Railways video. It’s called A one-minute journey on the Indian Railways. As you watch, take notes about what you see in each part. ‘* Rush hour in Mumbai (0:00-0:15) ‘+ Onthe train (0:16-0:38) ‘+ The workforce (0:39-0:50) ‘Atte station (0:51-1:00) e 7 Now write a script for the new video. Describe what you can see in the video and add any important facts and figures about Indian Railways. Use some of these words and phrases. 8 Work with a partner. Your teacher will play the new video twice. As you watch, tale turns reading your script and narrating the video. Units Transportation (@)UNIT 3 REVIEW. AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar 11 Complete the article with the correct form of the adjectives in parentheses. Santiago is the (ange) city in Chile, ‘with a population of five million people. Tthas some of the? (beautiful) buildings in the ‘world, butin the past, it was the = (polluted) city in Chile, ts streets weren’tas clean) as they are today. Nowadays, public transportation around the city is also much (good), and the city center isn’t as ‘ (noisy). Riding bikes is also a lot 7 (popular) these days because there ae new bike paths and people can use electric bikes. 2. BSXNEN Work in pairs, Form three sentences comparing your town or city to Santiago, Talk about + size and population © buildings and streets «traffic and public transportation Vocabulary 3 Match words from A with words from B to make compound nouns. Then complete the sentences with the compound nouns. A wal rush bus speed B hour stop limit jam 1 There's a on the highway. Nothing's moving, 2, a eS ye ptartent about seven in the morning, 3. Waitat the Another bus should arrive in ten minutes, 4 Slow down! The —__ is only 30 kilometers an hour on this road. 4 Which words can follow the words in bold? Cross out the incorrect word or words. 1 goby bus, feet, plane, bieycle 2. goona taxi,a ship, foot, a ferry 3. catch a train, a plane, a truck, a bus 4. drop off your shopping, your children, the subway 5) ESM Work in pairs. Look at the forms of transportation and answer the questions (1-7). Give reasons for your answers. taxi rickshaw camel bus airplane train 1 Which types of transportation are slow but reliable? Which are comfortable and convenient? Which is the cheapest? Which goes the farthest in a short time? Which lands at a gate? Which stops at a stand? Which are good for sightseeing in a city? Real life 6 Complete the conversation at a train station with, the words and phrases in the box. Noaten platform ticket one way round trip receipt A: Vdlikea train’ to Boston. B 2, or round trip? Aso eae pga B: That’ twenty-one dollars and fifty cents Doyouwantat ‘A: Yes, please, Which > isit? B: Three. 7 BSEMEI Work in pairs. Write a similar conversation between two people at an airport. Use these phrases. see your passport cheek in a carry-on window or aisleRumbling Falls Cave, Tennessee FEATURES | 46 Adventurers of the year Profil me of th world’s top adventurer An impossible decision The real-life stor clin Challenge yourself Find allenges for the mind ut about some 54 Amicroadventure ideo about two frier > spend 24 hours in Croatia 1. Work in pairs. Look at th this activity nswer the questions, the man? Do you think oks exciting or dangerous? Would you like to do thi rk in pairs. Listen to a caver talking about his hobby. Why do his co-workers think he is “a little crazy”? Why do cavers work in teams How do you get to Rumbling Falls C: Look at these sentences from Vi rords in bold (1 cription. Ma ) with their definitions (a-c). metimes you have to take a risk when you g Every cave gives you a different challenge Getting to Rumbling Falls Cave is probabl achievement as a caver so far that can be rething after a lot of hard work and effort (eg. passing an examination) — something very difficult to do jork in groups. Discuss these questions. 1 Are you a person who takes risks big achievement in your life so far you in the future? or are you usually very a big challenge=a Adventurers of the year Read the article again. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Read the article. Are these sentences about Pasang, Marjan, or both of them? Write 16 in the diagram. eee ce amine Sag saeng 8 Liseeet challenge? 1 She was bom in Nepal 2. Why is she famous? 2. Her father helped her 3. What was Marjan’s ambition? 3 She started when she was a teenager 4 What were her team’s achievements? 4 She trained for her job. 5 She competed in other countries. i 6 She changed other people's lives simple past SIMPLE PAST Pasang. Marjan We use the simple past to talk about finished actions, 1 events, oF situations in the past. Pasang Lhamu Sherpa Akita lived with her younger sister ars in Lukla ‘Marjan Sadequi grew up in the capital city of Kabul. People didn’t have homes or food. It wasn’t easy to practice on the roads of Kabul. For more information and practice, see page 162. ADVENTURERS _ EVERY YEAR, READERS OF NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC a YEAR MAGAZINE VOTE FOR THEIR ADVENTURERS OF THE é YEAR. HERE ARE TWO OF THEM. THE MOUNTAINEER sa child, Pasang Lamu Sherpa Akita lived with her younger sister in Lukla, a town in northeastern Nepal. Pasang’s parents died when she was young. As a teenager, she trained as a mountaineer, She worked as a mountain guide, and she climbed Mount Everest when she was only 22. In 2015, there was a terrible earthquake in Nepal. Many people didn’t have homes or food, so Pasang helped them. These days, she also works to improve education in Nepal, and is famous for her volunteer work as well as her mountaineering, THE CYCLIST Marjan Sadequi was born in Afghanistan and grew Up in the capital city of Kabul. Her father was the national cycling coach for the men’s team, and from very early on in life, Marjan’s ambition was to become a cyclist. Her father gave Marjan her first bicycle when she was a teenager, and he soon saw how much Marjan loved cycling. As a result, he formed a new women’s cycling team with his daughter and ten other women. It wasn't easy to practice on the roads of Kabul, but in 2013, the team went to New Delhi and they had their first international competition against other women’s cycling teams. They didn’t win, but they entered more races in Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and South Korea. Because of Marjan and her team’s achievements, more women are now cycling in Afghanistan.3 Lookat the graminar box on page 46. Then underline the verbs in the past tense in Adventurers of the Year. Which are regular? Which are irregular? 4 Workin pairs. Answer these questions. “1 Whatdo we add to regular verbs to form the simple past? What do we add if the verb ends ine? What if the verb ends in -y? 2. Whatis the base form of the irregular verbs you underlined? grew up—grow up 3. How do we form the negative of most simple past verbs? How do we form the negative of be? 5 Pronunciation /d, /t/, or /id/ (DREDY Listen to the -ed ending of these regular verbs. Is the sound /d,//, ot /id/? Circle your answers. Then listen again and repeat. lived. (A AV-nd/ 5 waited JA Mt! a! finished /d/ Ai d/ 6 looked /d' At! fd! wanted /d/ A/ /td/ 7 decided /a it! ‘dl studied /a/ // td! 8 climbed /Al ‘ti hd! Rene ‘Complete the text about another adventurer. Use the simple past form of the verbs in parentheses. THE PHOTOGRAPHER Reza’ as (be) born in Tabriz, ran, in 1952, He * (study) architecture at 2 college in Tehran, but he (not / become) an architect. When he was a teenager, Reza‘ (love) photography, and after college, he*______(et) a job with 2 local newspaper as a photographer. Buthe (not / want) to take photos of local news, so in 1978 he?__ (go) abroad and he®. (take) photos of wars. These days, he works for National Geographic magazine. 7 Read the text about Reza again. Work in pairs. Answer the questions. When was Reza born? Where did he study architecture? What did he love when he was a teenager? What did he do after college? Did he want to take photos of local news? When did he go abroad? When was Reza born? = Where did he study architecture? id he want to take photos of local news? For more information and practice, see page 162. B Lookat the grammar box above. Circle the correct option (a or b) to complete these rules. 1. With most regular and irregular verbs, ‘we make questions with _—_ the simple past form of the verb b did + base form of the verb 2. With be, we make questions with, a was and were b did + base form of the verb 9 Read these questions and answers from interviews with Pasang and Marjan. Complete the questions. 1 E Where _did you live _as a child? P: In Lukla, innortheastern Nepal. 2 E When______ Mount Everest? P: When Iwas 22 years old. 3. Who ____after the earthquake? P: People with no homes and no food. ai you born? In Afghanistan. 5 E ___your first international race? ‘M:No, we didn’t. Speaking HZ 10 Weite six questions to ask your partner about the past. Use some of these ideas. 14 Work in pairs. Take tums interviewing each other Make notes about your pariner’s ariswers. 12 Work with a new partner. Describe your fitst partner's life from Exercise 11. ves crtenses @4b An impossible decision Vocabulary personal qualities 11 Work in groups. Read this English expression and discuss the questions. “Two heads are better than one.” 1 What do you think the expression means? 2 Do you havea similar expression in your language? What are the advantages and disadvantages of working in teams? 4 What do you think makes a good team member? 2 Read the sentences about what makes a good team member. Write the adjectives in the box next to the matching sentence experienced friendly kind patient hardworking positive ‘A good team member: 1 likes meeting people and gets along with everyone. friendly 2. isa good listener and thinks about other people. 3._ gives people the time they need and waits for them 4. isalways happy and looks for the good things in life. 5 works extra hours when it’s necessary. 6 knows a lot about his or her area of work. 3 Work in pairs. Which qualities in Exercise 2 do these people need? Why? aclosefriend teacher _a language learner a manager aparent a president A good teacher is patient because the students need ti to learn. Listening 4 What difficult decisions do people have to make in life? What decisions do you have to make at work or for your studies? Tell your partner Te 3 year. It woas difficult ss there. But I my old company | use I had a lot of good colleag ted a new challenge 5 [REEL Listen to the first part of a true story about two climbers named Joe Simpson and Simon Yates. Number these pictures (a~d) in the correct order (1-4) f <1) 6 Work in pairs. What was Yates's impossible decision at the end? What do you think he did?7 ERED] Now listen to the whole story. Work in pairs and answer the questions. qualities. did Simpson and Yates have? *2. Why didn’t they stay at the top of the mountain for very long? ‘What decision did Yates make in the end? Tee nada, what ato think about ‘Simpson? ‘What did Yatés hear in the night? How did the story of Yates and Simpson ‘become famous? Grammar past continuous and - simple past au Be 8 Look at the sentences in the grammar box. Work in pairs and answer these questions. 1 Which verb talks about a completed action? 2. Which verbs talk about actions in progress at ‘a moment in the past? 3 Weoften use the two verb forms ‘Which verb form is used for the longer, ‘continuing activity? Which form is used for the shorter, finished action? 4 Whats the auxiliary verb in the_ continsous? What the form of the main verb? ‘The sentences below describe the story of Simpson and Yates. Circle the correct options to complete the sentences. 1 Thesun shone ‘Simpson and Yates left their tents on the first day. 2 Whe ty raced the op ofthe mountain it snowed / was snowing. 3 While they were going Simpson broke / was breaking his knee. 4. Foran hour, Yates held the rope, but it pulled / twas pulling him off the mountain. ‘Yates was sleeping in his tent, but he suddenly ‘woke up /was waking up. Finally, Yates found / was finding Simpson on the ground. aw 10 Complete each sentence with one verb in the past continuous form and one verb in the simple. ‘past form. 1 1 __was working —_ (work) on my own when a ‘group of people cae _"_ (come) into office. ° The morning, but it. 5 Tsaw you across the street, but I (not stop) because I (run) to my job interview! 6 What. —$_—___ (do) when you (call) him? Which cities x (visit) while they. (travel)? you. bie that call while we (watch) the movie? 11 Pronunciation was / were @ EXER Work in pairs. Listen to sentences 1 to4 from Exercise 10. Notice the pronunciation of was, ‘were, wasn’t, and weren't. Which are stressed and which are unstressed? b ERED Listen again and repeat the sentences. Speaking EEG ‘12 Which of these events happened to you in the ° past? Write some sentences about them and state ‘when the events happened. ik my an my ih ih. 3 Workin pair. el your partner about the things that happened rand A: Tbroke se bt B sicker ithappenes? ‘A: Las ling my fist eye he fl of Unit chaltenges (@@):4c Challenge yourself Reading 5 Read these ideas (a-c) from the article and answer ; . the questions (1-2). ‘1 Workin pais, Answer this idle an solve the 4 Th Rah’ be ec nn of teen find the popular toys in : challenge on page 51. Turn to page 155 to find the b Baebes gaturally les sving problems. answers, ¢ Some scientists think puzzles and games can improve memory in the elderly. Which two ideas have evidence in the article to support them? Underline this evidence. ‘Which idea doesn’t have much evidence in the article? (It’s the writer’s opinion.) Wordbuilding verbs and nouns v 2 Work in pairs. Why do you think people like doing == these types of challenges? 6 Look at the wordbuilding box below. Complete 3 Read the article on page 51. Are these sentences ‘this chart with words from the article. ‘true (T) or false FY? Verb Noun 1 Professor Rubik taught students TOF challenge challenge about architecture. achic | achievement 2 He made the cube to teach his T F solution. students about puzzles. player 3. Professor Rubik solved thecube = TOF __ improvement tight away. memorize “—__ 4 Arobotcan solveaRubik’seube = «TF test . faster than a human. a score 5. Some scientists think puzzles Tr are good for older people's brains, 6 Astudy showed that playing TOF. dtotetos nt Writing and speaking BEB ‘human memory. 7 Work in pairs. Use the words in Exercise 6 to wt alist of efor someone who sa beginner Critical king in English. Take turns giving rtner advice thin . about the best ways tolearn. looking for evidence When you study for a test, you should memorize. 4 Evidences factual information to support an idea. Check (V) the three types of evidence the writer uses in the article. Which does he not use?Cover the groups of numbers in this list. Then look at the first group (on the top line), cover it again, and try to say the numbers. Then look at the second group of numbers (on the second line), cover them, and try to say them Continue down the list. When do you stop remembering all the numbers in a group? In 1974, Professor Erno Rubik was looking for an interesting way to teach his architecture students about 3D’ geometry.’ To do this, he made a cube with nine other cubes on each of its sides. The smaller cubes were different colors, and you could turn them in different directions. The challenge was to make each side all one color. The problem was that there 5. are 43 quintillion (43,000,000,000,000,000,000) ways to move the cubes. As a result, it took Professor Rubik over a month to solve his own problem. In the end, the Rubik’s cube became one of the most popular toys in history. Over 400 million Rubik’s cubes have been sold around the world, and one in seven people have played with one. In 2016, a Dutch man named Mats Valk solved the Rubik's cube in 4.74 seconds— 10 the world record for a human at the time. A robot beat him with a time of 1.019 seconds So why do humans love challenging themselves with puzzles like the Rubik's cube? It’s the same reason we like crosswords and puzzles in newspapers, or why we play games on our cell phones. Our brain naturally loves solving problems. Some scientists also think puzzles and games can improve 15 memory in the elderly. In one study at illinois University, the researchers studied how video games help older people's mental health. In their study, twenty adults over the age of sixty played a video game for a long period, while 20 another twenty adults over sixty did not. Afterwards, they gave all forty adults a test of memory and mental skill. Overall, the video game players scored higher on the test, which 25 means a challenging video game could be good for our brains. "3D (ad) ors is three-dimensional ®geometry (n) (d3:'omatri/ mathematical subject about shapes and sizes ChallengesAd True stories Real life telling a story 1 REBT Listen to two friends talking about a ‘camping trip. Work in pairs and answer ‘questions. ‘Was the start of the weekend good or bad? ‘What happened to the car? Who helped them? ‘What was the problem when they found. the campsite? 5 Where did they go instead? 2. CREED Listen again. Complete the conversation with the words you hear, ‘A: Hii, Mark. How was your camping trip? B It was great in the end, but we had a terrible time at the beginning. B: *____, we left the house late, and then afer only balan hou, thecarbroke down, A: Oh, no! * Bs Tove was a gorge and the mechanic xed the problem. But ‘we artived at the forest, it was oa sone g getting dark.® we drove for about an hour, we ‘_____found Sutton completly darby then And it was raining! B: Yes, it was a great hotel, §_____ stayed there for the whole weekend. AS? H 3 Look at the: story: Match. expressions for theexprenions in sere (3) with toe Taig (oa 4. Pronunciation intonation for responding EXEZ Listen to these expressions for reacting to and bad news. Notice how the speaker uses itonation to show interest. Listen again and repeat. 1 Why? 2 Really? 3. That was a good idea! 4 Ohyno! 5 Work in pairs. Practice the conversation from Exercise 2. Take turns being person A. Pay attention to your intonation when you are responding. 6 Work in pairs. Practice telling a story and responding. Student A: Use these ideas to tell a story to your partner. ‘You had a terrible commute to work. ‘You were cycling, and it started raining. Acar hit your bike. ‘You weren’t hurt The driver was very nice, He owns a bicycle store. He gave you a new bike! It's much better than your old one! Student Be Listen fo your prin and sespond ‘with comments and questions. 7 Now change roles. ‘Student B: Use these ideas to tella story to your partner. ‘+ You went hiking in the mountains with friend. ‘It started snowing, ‘You went back toward the town, but it was getting dark. You a large house with the lights on. The people in the house invited you in. They made you dinner, and you stayed the night. ‘The next day, the sun was shining, You reached the top of the mountain. Student A: Listen to your partner and respond ‘with comments and questions. 8 Think of a bad trip you had. Did it havea happy, ending? Make a list of the events. Then tell yout partner the story. -4e A story of survival Writing a short story 3 Writing skill structure your writing 1. Work in pairs. What is an interesting story in the news at The story has a five-part structure. the moment? Is it good news or bad news? Number the parts below in the correct order (1-5), 2 Stories in the news answer some or all of these questions. : —— The day the story starts, Read the short story and answer the questions ihe back pound evens 1 Where did it happen? (such as the weather), and what 2. What was the weather like? Who was there? What were happened first. they doing? — Animportant moment when 3. What went wrong? something goes wrong, and what 4 What surprising event happened? Who was there? What happens next. were they doing? —— There is a happy (or sad) ending. 5. Did the story have a happy or sad ending? The place and the typical lives of the people. —_ Asurprising (and often positive) change in the story after a long Le a ie CUB ee i: story. Look at this example and underline the other time expressions in the story. he islands of Atafu are in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the people there go fishing every day. One day, the The islands of Atafu are in the middle sun was shining and the ocean was calm, so three teenage boys of the Pacific Ocean, and the people ‘went fishing in a small boat. In the evening, they didn’t arrive there go fishing every day. One day, home, so the islanders went out and looked for them. After the sun was shining and the ocean ‘many days, there was no sign of them and everyone thought was calm, so chree ceenage boys went the boys were dead. fishing in a small boat. Fifty days later, some fishermen were sailing in the middle of the Pacific Ocean when they saw a small boat in the distance. 5 You are going to write a short story. Use “The three boys were in the boat, over 1,500 kilometers a story from your own life or a story in (900 miles) from their home. They were living on fish from the the news. Plan the story using the five- art structure. Make notes to answer the ocean and rainwater. In the end, they returned to their families : questions in Exercise 2 alive and well. alia 6 Write your short story in about 80-100 words, Use some time expressions to help the structure. Work in pairs. Take turns reading your stories. Does your partner use the five part structure and time expressions? The islands of Atafu ‘ne 2 iS > nS 1croa: AmBefore you watch 1 Make a list of things you did in the last 24 hours. Write asmany things as You can in two minutes. Then work , Inpairs. Take tums reading your lists. Who wrote the longer list? - 1 got up, [brushed my teeth, ate breakfast... 2 Youare going to watch a video about two friends. They are spending 24 hours in Croatia on a “microadventure.” Complete (take) a photo of the city We (leave) the city (wake up) next to this ock. We (buy) some bread, some —L We__ate_— (eat) ice cream. iL Al_—_______(sit) on a wall. i While you watch 3 CXEEN Watch the video. Number the sentences in. Exercise 2in the order they happened (I-10). 4 COREE Watch the video again. Check (/) the correct ‘options to complete the sentences. 1. Alastair Humphreys is__ CO afilmmaker 4. Atthe river, they saw —_. Dafish C adragonfly Da fog ‘On the top of the mountain, they could hear. C people . CO animals O music o After you watch 5 Vocabulary in context [CREA Watch the clips from the video. ‘Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases. (CREE Work in pairs. Watch the video again with the sound OFE. Using the simple past tense, describe what happened in the microadventure as you see each action on the screen. “ Work in pairs. You are going to plan a 24-hour microadventure. Discuss these ideas and make your plans. ‘+ Where will you go? ‘What will you do? ‘+ What will you see? At9 o'clock, we'll take the train to... and visit... 8 Work with another pair and describe your plans for your microadventure. Unit Challenges (@pa UNIT 4 REVIEW AND MEMORY BOOSTER Grammar Vocabulary 1 Complete the text with the simple past form of the 4 Complete the sentences with these words. verbs in parentheses. challenging _ experienced intelligent kind patient positive 1 Don’t get angry when things don’t happen as fast as you want. Learn to be 2 He'sa very ______ climber. He started mountaineering when he was a child. 3. It’s very __—__o you to help me with my homework. 4 Even when things go wrong, it’s important to stay — 5 My friend is the most _____person in our class, She always gets 100% on tests. 6 Finishing the marathon was very____, In 2013, Aleksander Doba '_____(cross) rege did ara ihe eral x the Atlantic Ocean in a kayak. He (start) his trip in Lisbon, Portugal, and he °____arrive) in Florida six months later. He *____(travel) 12,427 kilometers (7,722 miles). It *_____ (be) a difficult , journey. His kayak‘ (break) near the _ Real life Bahamas, so he? (top) to fix it. He aloo! —Ghave)othechelenger chi, 5 EERE Work in pairs. Look at the pictures (1-5) satellite phone *_(not work) for Student A: Tell the story to your partner usin 47 days, so he ® __ (not have) any Socabetieae grees imeameea ees communication. Aleksander ! ss (be born) in Poland in 1946, and he® —__ atthe beginning but luckily next while (not begin) kayaking until the age of 34. 2 Scr ed cas Aneicr iia nese Student B: Listen to the story and react to good ee fate ne enon ea ee Ee ee 1 What are the personal qualities of Aleksander Oh, no! Really? “What happened? Why? Doba? 2 Why do you think people like Aleksander take risks and challenge themselves? 3 Circle the correct options The sun ' shone /was shining as the plane turned onto the runway. During take-off, the passengers inside the plane sat quietly. They * took /zoere taking their first parachute jump. Everyone ? was / ‘was being nervous, and no one said / was saying word: When the plane ® reached /zoas reaching the correct height, their teacher shouted, “OK, everyone. It’s time to jump!” She § opened / twas opening the door on the side of the plane and, in the next moment, everyone jumped / was jumping out of the plane toward the ground.RE Wee er eed enue ae enone FEATURES 1. Work in pairs. Look at the photo and the caption. What do you think of the home in the photo? Would you like to stay there? 58 Recycling Which of these materials did Jaime use? ‘The real story, behind cardboard glass leather metal paper plastic wood recycling our trash 7 2) GREE] Work in pairs. Listen to part of a documentary about Jaime Managing the and the house in the photo, Answer the questions. environment 1 What materials does the speaker mention? 2 What did Jaime do with them? Give an example. 3) What does Jaime want people to think about? Some environmental stories from around the world 3. Work in pairs, Look at the highlighted expressions for talking, 62 A boat made of about objects. Form similar sentences about the everyday objects bottles in the box below, How one environmentalist Atictionary GE poy er. ATR 108 ys words is trying to raise awareness an envelope a cell phone a wallet atin questions 1 What did Peter Basick find in the markets of Ghana? 2. Why do people melt parts of the broken computers? 3. Why is recycling the metal dangerous? 4 Whattypes of electronic products are environmentally friendly? doesn't work, like an out-of-date phone or a slow computer. But when you throw away these objects, D: you ever throw away any electronic waste (or e-waste)? Perhaps you have some old technology that do you know where they go? The reporter Peter Essick has followed this e-waste to different countries around the world. Essick found a lot of e-waste in Ghana, with thousands af old computers in the local markets. Here, the sellers resell a few computers, but they can't sell many because a jot of them don’t work, instead, the sellers melt! some parts of the computers fo recycle the metal. These paris don't have much metal, but sometimes there is a litle gold inside. Unfortunately, recycting the metal can be dangerous because it produces a lot of chemicals that are bad for workers" health. As a result, Essick thinks we shouldn't send any e-waste to other countries. I's bad for the environment, and ifs bad for people's health. He believes we need to produce more environmentally-triendly electronies in the future; in other words, electronic products that you can recycle safely and in the country where they were made ar:sold.Grammar quantifiers 6 Which of these nouns are countable (C)? Which are uncountable (UY? Write C or U. trash Ll computer plastic _ bag __ box magazine paper metal > QUANTIFIERS We use quantifiers with countable and uncountable nouns to talk about quantity. Do you ever throw away any electranic waste? Porhaps you have some old technology that doesn't work Essick found a lot af e-waste in Ghana. The sellers resell a few computers, They can’t sell many computers in the market. These parts don't have much metal There i little gold inside, We shouldn't send any e-rraste to other cauntries. For more information and practice, see page 164. 7 Look at the sentences in the grammar box Then complete these sentences with the correct quantifiers in bold in the grammar box. 1 Weuse some and alotef in affirmative statements with countable or uncountable nouns. 2 Weuse ‘in questions and in negative statements with countable or uncountable nouns. 3° Weuse to talk about small quantities in affirmative statements with countable nouns, 4 Weuse to talk about small quantities in affirmative staternents with uncountable nouns, 5 Weuse ‘in negative statements and in questions with countable nouns. 6 Weuse ‘in negative statements and in questions With uncountable nouns. Circle the correct quantifiers to complete the sentences, 1 How niucli firariy trash do you recycle? 2 Trecycle a frur/a littte things, like glass and plastic bottle Idon’t recycle many / nucle glass. Trecycle a few'/ a little paper each week. Do you have muck: / any recycling, bins? There are some fany old TVs for sale. ‘You shouldn't throw away mary fay paper! How many / much times can paper be recycled? Nowadays, @ lot of fa little cities and towns have special recycling centers, Speaking 9 Work in pairs. Discuss these sentences (I-4} about recycling. Are they true for you? If necessary, change the words in bold so the sentences are true for you. 1. [throw away a lot of paper every week. 2. [Link] area, a few places have recycling bins. 3. My school / place of work doesn’t have any recycling bins for paper. 4 Some people in my country think reeyeling is important. A: How much paper do you throw away every week? Be f dow throre arony amy paper. We recycle it in special greet tins.y results and figures Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 How often de you read news about the environment? Is it usually good news or bad news? 2 Do you have any good news about the environment in your country? 2. Read a newspaper report about Portugal. Is it good news or bad news? Portugal powered the whole country using only solar, wind, and hydroelectric eneray for about a hundred hours last week. Exactly a year ago, the country produced under a quarter of its electricity from wind power, and nearly half of its total energy came from renewable energy. So it's a huge achievement for the country to live off renewable energy for over four days. Look at the phrases in bold in the newspaper report above, Match these phrases with the exact information in a-e below. a 48% b 107 © from May 7 to May 1 d 22% e 12months Managing the environment 4. Work in pairs. Answer these questions about your life using over, under, altiost, and about. 1 How much of your day do you spend laoking, ata screen (eg., computer, TV)? spend about 2 third of my day looking at 2 screen. 2. How many hours a week do you spend. shopping? 3 How many peaple live in your town or eity? 4 How much money do you spend on buying, clothes each month? 5 How many months a year do youspend at school or at work? (GREW Work in pairs. Listen to a news report about two envirenmental projects and answer the questions. 1 What four deserts does the report mention? 2. Where are the two environmental projects? 3 What type of walll are the countries building? FETA Work in pairs. Listen again and answer the questions, 1 What percentage of the Earth’s land is desert? 2. When did the Three-North Shelter Forest Program begin? 3 What is its purpose? 4 How long will the wall be when it’s finished in 20507 5 Howmany countries are working together on the project in Africa? 6) What are the goals of this project? rs | LV tl eee wey ie 4Grammar articles 1 fh 1878, China started planting a wall of trees. Now the oll haz about 65 billion trees, 2 It's the largest hot desert in the world. 3 The Gobi Desert is getting bigger 4 Countries in Africa plan to build a wall. People know about the Great Wall of China. ‘For more information and practice, see page 164, 7 Look at the grammar box, Complete these rules (2-0) with afm, the, ar no article (2) a We normally use when we talk about something that isn’t specific or when it’s the firsttime we mention something. When we talk about something specific or talk about it again, we use b Wealsouse when something is unique (there is only one), with superlatives, or with the names of some places (e.g., oceans, deserts, mountain ranges) We tse when we talk about people or things in general, and with the names of most places (v.4g., continents, counties, cities, lakes}, 8 Read about another way to manage the environment. Circle the correct options. Circle “~” ifno article is needed. Ice towers Inthe spring and summer, there is often a water shortage in ' the /~ Himalayan mountains. So during the winter, *a/— people make ice towers. They put one end of 9a /—long pipe into a river high in the mountains, and then they take the ‘other end of a/ the pipe down te a village, The water comes out of the pipe and freezes in a fountain to create °=/ an ice tower in the village. ‘When the ice tower melts in the spring, 8a /— farmers can use it to water their fields. 9 Pronunciation /do/ ar /dit/ @ ERED Listen to the difference in the pronunciation of the before a consonant sound and before a vowel sound. fay doin! the walll the Earth, b GRE) Listen and cire again and repeat. Jo! or iOix/. Then listen 1 the river Wat (Sixt 2 the ice ol liz! 3) the world Wat iit 4 the desert Bal ld: 5. the oldest Hal (ais! 6 the langest Hal (8is 7 the Atacama Desert ‘Sa! 10 Workin pairs. Look at these questions from a general knowledge quiz. Complete the questions with wien or tie where necessary. Then try to answer the questions Around the world quiz 1 There is river that flows through parts of Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador. What is its name? 2 ____White House is in__ USA. Who ives there? 3 There is natural satellite that goes Earth every day. What is it? 4 In 1998, Larry Page and Sergey Brin set up global search engine. What is name? s Arctic Ocean is in the world. Which is smallest ocean gest? 11 Check the quiz answers on page 155. Writing and speaking 12 You ave going to write five more quiz questions. Work in two pairs in.a group of four. Pair A: Turn to page 153 and follow the instructions, Pair B: Turn to page 154 and follow the instructions, 13 Workin your group. Take turns asking and answering yaur five questions, Find out which pair has greater general knowledge.mg 5c A boat made of bottles Reading Word focus take 1 Work in pairs. These words and phrases are from the Work in pairs. Find and underline five article on page 63. What do you think the article is expressions in the article with the word fake about? Then match the expressions with the uses (1-4), plastic belies er i 1 transportation: take faxé, the Pacific Ocean San Francisco sydney 2. daily routines: take a walk, 2 Read the article and complete the fact file with numbers about the Plastik > fa ctsXfigu res of taeand fhe words in the bon, abreak © many days care. a plane 3 lengths of time: fake a ferw days, 4 idioms: take time, Number of crew: Numberef plot boron? 1 The work was tiring, and the crew nl sometimes needed to tke u bres Length: ?__m and relax. Width:* m 2. The journey across the Great Garbage Weight: about § __kg Patch was longer than expected—it ‘Average speed:* knots =e bans 3 Most people from San Distance covered: aver ? ken Francisco to Sydney, so they don’t know Number of days at sea:? about the pollution in the acean. —— 4 of the environment is a global responsibility. Speaking FEO Critical thinking reading closely 3 Read the sentences (1-6), Circle the correct option for each sentence. 6 Work in groups and discuss these questions. T= ‘Thesentence is true. The information isin 1 Do you think environmental projects like the text. the Plasiiki can make people change their The sentence is false, The information is in behavior? Why or why not? the text 2 In your country, does anyone try to change NG = We don’t know if it’s true o false. The people's behavior in these areas? How de information is net given in the text. they do this? 1 The Plastikiis made of thesame TF NG * recycling more trash material as other boats. + stopping smoking 2 Humans recycle mostoftheir = TF ONG * driving over the speed limit plastic bottles. eating too much food. 3. Plastic in the ocean is killing TF ONG anything vse? animals. en The gerwernment tries fo stop peuple from 4 The Plastiti is environmentally = TF NG smoking cigarettes by friendly. 5 The size of the “Great Garbage = TF NG Patch” is growing, 6 The journey took longerthan = «TF NG de Rothschild had planned.0 a ABC eerBOliLes A boat with a difference ‘The Plastik looks similar to many other boats in Sydney Harbour Its eighteen meters long. six meters wide, and it ‘weighs about twelve thousand kilograms. It carries a crew -of six people and has an average speed of five knots! However, once you get near the Plastiki, you realize there's a big difference: I's made of twelve thousand five hundred reused plastic bottles How did the Plastiki begin? David de Rothschild is an environmencalist who has ‘crossed Antarctica and explored the Ecuadorian Arsazen One day. he was reading some information about all the plastic in the seas and oceans. He couldn't believe what he was reading. For example, humans throw away four ‘out of every five plastic bottles they use, and plastic trash ‘causes about eighty percent of the pollution in the ocean. In addition, ‘scientists think that around ‘one million seabirds die every |} ‘year from plastic pollution De Rothschild docided he i ‘wanted to get invalved in the, ‘ight against ocean pollution, To help more people understand the problem, he started building a boat made of plastic bottles. ” Ey “0 4“ 0 Designing the Plastiki In addition to building the boat with recyeled plastic, ic was important to make the boat environmentally friendly and user-friendly. The boat uses renewable energy. such as wind power and solar energy. The crew can make meals with vegetables from the small gardon at the back of the boat ‘They can take a bresk from work and get some exercise by using the special exercise bicycle. The energy fram the bike provides power for the boat's computers. And if anyone needs to take-a shower, the boat's shawer uses saltwater from the ocean. The journey De Rothschild salled the Plastki across the Pacific Qcean from San Francisca to Sydney. That's more than fifteen thousand kilometers, On the way, he took the special beat through the “Great Garbage Pacch.” This is a huge area in the Pacific with 3.5 billion kilograms of trash, Yau can soe ‘every kind of human trash here, but the worst problem is the plastic. Ic kills birds and ocean life. How well did the Plastiki survive the journey? ‘The journay wasn'e always easy. and de Rothschild and his ssrove had to take care during storms. There ware giant ‘ocean waves, and winds of over one hundred kilometers per hour. The whole journey took ene hundred and eweney-nine days. Originally, de Rechsehild thought the boat could only travel once, but i¢ lasted so well chat he is planning to-sail it again one day5d Online shopping Reading 47 Work in pairs. Do you normally go to stores or do you prefer shopping online? Why? 2. Look at the website and email order, What did the customer order? Whal is the problem? [Link] Pee eer ea ‘We have lots of different clocks, and they are all made from recycled computers! Computer Hard-Drive Apple iPad® Hard-Drive Glock with Circuit Board. Glock on a Circuit Board. $39.00 $35.00 Order number: 805314, Order date: March 20 Thank you for your order. Unfortunately, the model you ordered is currently not available. we: expect more stock to arrive in seven days. We apologize for the delay. For more information about this order, speak to a customer service representative at 555-1754. Mem Number Description HOVIN Quantity Price Harddrive clock 1 $39 Real life calling about an order 3 The customer is calling customer service about her order. Listen to the conversation, Work in pairs and answer the questions, 1 What information does the customer service representative first ask for and check? 2) Why does the customer want the clock quickly? What does she decide to do? 4) What will the customer service representative email her? 4 Look at the expressions for calling. about an order. ‘Then listen to the conversation: again, Circle the sentences the customer service representative uses, 5 Pronunciation sounding friendly @ DREET Listen to these sentences from a telephone conversation. Does the speaker sound friendly (F) or unfriendly (U)? Circle your answers. 1 Good morning. How can help you? FU 2 Can put you on hold? Fou 3. Is that Aas in America? Fou 4 'mealling about an order. Fou 5. Is there anything else [can help Fou you with? 6 Doyouhave the order number? Fou b Listen to the sentences again, This time, they are all friendly. Work in pairs. Listen and repeat with a similar friendly intonation 6 Work in pairs. Practice two phone conversations, similar to the one in Exercise 3, Student A: Turn to page 153 and follow the instructions. Student B: Turn to page 154 and follow the instructions. A: Gond morreing. Hew ean f help you? B: Hello. I'm calling about some clothes I ordered aniline, | received an email saying ..5e Emails about an order Writing emails 1 Read the correspondence between a customer and a customer service representative. Put the emails (A-E) in order (1-5). Dear Mr. Martinez: would like to inform you that the e-book reader you ordered is now in stock. | would be delighted to deliver this item immediately. Please reply to confirm you would still like to purchase this item, Charlotte Lazarro Dear Sir or Madam: recently ordered an e-book reader aniine. However, | received an email that said this was not currently available. Please refund my money back to my credit card Yours sincerely, Carlos Martinez ‘Thanks, but I bought the same product ata store yesterday, Therefore, please cancel the order and, as requested, send me my refund Carlos Dear Mr. Martinez: ‘Thank you for your email. | apologize for the difficulties with your order. In arder te provide you with the necessary assistance, could you please send me the order number? Best regards, Charlotte Lazarro Customer Service Representative 2 Read the emails in Exercise 1 again. Underline any phrases and expressions that ask for something or give instructions, 3 Writing skill formal words @ The language in the emails in Exercise 1 is quite formal. Match the formal language in the emails to these less formal words (1-9). ioe got happy asked for give give back (money) help say sorry tell want eenaunepe Work in pairs, Make these sentences more formal. 1 Iwant my money back. Tm writing to tell you that I didn’t get the delivery, Do you want any help? Please give us your credit cand details. Sorry, but can’t give you your money back, wae Imagine you ordered a printer online two weeks ago. You paid for delivery within 24 hours, but it hasn't arrived, Writean email to the supplier and request a refund Work in pairs, Read your partner's email. How formal is the language?Using Egypt's greatest natural resource on the roottops of CairoBefore you watch 1 Key vocabulary Match these wordsand phrases with the pictures (1-4). Watertank salar panel__ goat_ satellite di raoftop garbage 2. Work in pairs. You are going, to watch a video about using recycled objects in Cairo. What do you think is the connection between the words and phrases in Exercise 1? While you watch 3 COERI Watch the video. Were your predictions Exercise 2 correct? 4 CORESE Watch the video again. Work in pairs and, answer the questions. 1 How does the narrator describe the streets of Cairn? How does he describe the rooftops of Cairo? What is Thomas Culhane helping Egyptians to der? ‘What is Egypt's great natural resource? Whats the new solar hat water system made of? The new solar heaters provide hat water, 50 what do they reduce? canon After you watch 5 Vocabulary in context EE] Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning of the words and phrases. & White a short summary of the video (about 100 words), Use these phrases, People in Cairo use the rooftops tor... Thomas Culhane is helping some local people to ... ‘They make the solar water heaters out of... The new heaters provide Culhane thinks the solar heaters demonstrate that .. 7 CEE] Work in pairs. You are going to be the narrator of the video. Watch a shorter version of the video with no sound. Your teacher will play this video twice. As it plays, take turns reading, your summary from Exercise 6 to your partner. 8 In the video, Thomas Culhane says, “One man’s garbage is another's goldmine.” What does he ‘mean by this? Circle a, b, or a. Everyone thinks the garbage is worth a lot of money. b Some people think the garbage is useless, but other people think it’s very useful, ¢ You can sell the garbage for a lot of money. 9 Work in pairs. List some things people often use and throw away that other people could recyele or reuse,