PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 - GHE Heat Stress Management Plan - Rev. 00
PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 - GHE Heat Stress Management Plan - Rev. 00
For
At
REVISION HISTORY
Rev Pages Date Description Issued by Checked Approved
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................4
2. Scope...........................................................................................................................................4
3. Terms & Definitions....................................................................................................................4
4. References..................................................................................................................................4
5. Objective.....................................................................................................................................4
6. Responsibilities...........................................................................................................................4
6.1. Project Manager (AP and CONTRACTOR)...................................................................................4
6.2. Site Manager (AP and CONTRACTOR)........................................................................................5
6.3. EH&S Manager (AP and CONTRACTOR)......................................................................................5
6.4. Supervisors and Foremen (CONTRACTOR).................................................................................5
6.5. Medical Team (AP)......................................................................................................................6
6.6. Employees (AP and CONTRACTOR)............................................................................................6
7. Control Measures........................................................................................................................7
7.1. Engineering Controls..................................................................................................................7
7.2. Administrative Controls..............................................................................................................7
7.2.1. Job Location and Work Duration............................................................................................7
7.2.2. Acclimatization.......................................................................................................................8
7.2.3. Heat Stress Measurement......................................................................................................8
7.2.4. Flag System............................................................................................................................8
7.2.5. Work/Rest Cycle....................................................................................................................9
7.3. Personal Controls........................................................................................................................9
7.3.1. Personal Protective Equipment..............................................................................................9
7.3.2. Employee Awareness, Training and Education....................................................................10
7.3.3. Fluid Replacement – Hydration............................................................................................10
7.3.4. Recovery...............................................................................................................................11
8. Emergency Procedures.............................................................................................................11
Appendix A – Background to Heat Stress.............................................................................12
Appendix B – Symptoms and First Aid Measures to Heat Stress..............................................15
Appendix C – Heat Index...................................................................................................17
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
Revision History
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
1. Introduction
Air Products Heat Stress Program will be implemented in all activities during the construction
phase. This program shall be implemented to lessen the adverse effect of heat, humidity and
direct exposure to sunlight. This program shall be in accordance with Saudi Arabian Ministry of
Health Requirements and the Labor Law as well as international best practice.
2. Scope
This procedure shall be implemented by Air Products and its contractors, sub-contractors and
vendors including ALL personnel who are required to work in an open area with direct
exposure to sunlight and heat.
Term Definition
AP Air Products
4. References
Project EH&S Documents:
5. Objective
This Heat Stress Management Plan is designed to reduce the risk of heat related disorders for
the employees working in hot weather condition or work exposed to direct sunlight.
Its purpose is to prevent heat-related illnesses for all employees working on the GHE project
site, which puts all at considerable risk of developing a heat-related illness.
6. Responsibilities
6.1. Project Manager (AP and CONTRACTOR)
Has the overall responsibility for the implementation of the following EH&S procedures:
▪ Ensure the project is suitably equipped with needed equipment and systems to address
the risk of heat stress.
▪ Ensure that there are sufficient funds and facilities to address the risk of heat stress.
▪ Periodically arrange for a review of the implementation and take appropriate measures
accordingly.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
▪ Practically plan and ensure resources are available to respond to the risk of heat stress.
▪ Do not let schedule or productivity demands supersede heat stress awareness or the
hierarchy of controls used to prevent heat related injuries.
▪ Conduct meetings / site one-on-one talks during hot weather to emphasize heat stress
hazards and precautions, with an added emphasis on this risk during Ramadan.
▪ Shall ensure that work/rest rotations are observed and implemented in the work area.
▪ Ensure sufficient and accessible heat shelters are provided incl. sufficient heat control
equipment, fan, moisture fan, etc.
▪ Ensure the proper testing, monitoring, and documentation for heat stress components.
▪ Ensure all equipment used for testing and monitoring is appropriate in proper working
condition.
▪ Provide and ensure training as necessary to the employees about heat stress
management.
▪ Assist the proper use of resources provided, for e.g., water stations are properly identified
and its proximity to the work area.
▪ Actively monitor the weather in line with the Heat Stress Program.
▪ Schedule the most strenuous work during the coolest times of the day (e.g., early morning
and evening).
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
▪ Schedule work/rest rotations for workers according to the current heat index, which is
based on temperature and relative humidity.
▪ As practical, minimize high intensity manual work activities (e.g., use mechanization to
replace manual labor).
▪ Conduct daily/weekly safety meetings/talks during hot weather emphasizing heat stress
hazards and precautions, with added emphasis on this risk during Ramadan if it occurs in
summertime.
▪ Oversee acclimatization for new workers and workers returning from vacation.
▪ Provide drinking water stations (e.g., coolers with chilled or ice water) for employees and
remind them to drink plenty of water even If not thirsty. Replenish drinking water supplies
as needed to ensure availability.
▪ Ensure that workers visit the medical service upon experiencing the signs and symptoms
of thermal stress.
▪ Carry out regular site visits to talk to individuals on the importance of hydration.
▪ Comply with procedures as required by the Heat Stress Program, and all other heat stress
related guidance as deemed appropriate by a supervisor.
▪ Report to the medical team in the event of an injury related to heat stress or other
condition leading to injury, disease or impairment.
▪ Follow instructions for controlling heat stress; including taking periodic “cool down” breaks
and drinking enough water i.e., begin drinking water early in the day.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
7. Control Measures
7.1. Engineering Controls
The best way to prevent heat-related illness is to make the work environment cooler.
CONTRACTOR shall consider the following when selecting necessary engineering controls to
mitigate the risk of heat stress:
A. Shade
▪ Provision of shaded break/rest shelter area (incl. sufficient heat control equipment, fan,
moisture fan, etc.) shall be provided at a distance not greater than 100m (330 ft) from
personnel working in direct sunlight for extended periods of time
▪ Air conditioning (such as air-conditioned crane and heavy equipment cabs, mess/dining
halls, security huts, offices).
▪ Cooling fans or portable cooling system (large industrial fans that spray out water
vapor/mist)
C. Local Ventilation
▪ Local exhaust ventilation at points of high heat production or moisture (such as exhaust
hoods in laundry rooms in the camps, food preparation and kitchens).
Heat reduction can also be achieved by using power assists and tools that reduce the physical
demands placed on a worker. However, for this approach to be successful, the metabolic
effort required for the worker to use or operate these devices must be less than the effort
required without them. Another method is to reduce the effort necessary to operate power
assists.
▪ Scheduling work/rest rotations for workers according to the current heat index, this is
based on temperature and relative humidity (see Appendix C).
▪ Schedule the most strenuous work during the coolest times of the day (e.g., early morning
and evening).
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
▪ Provide additional rest periods with water breaks for workers performing strenuous work.
7.2.2. Acclimatization
CONTRACTOR should take steps that help workers become acclimatized (gradually build up
exposure to heat), especially workers who are new to working in the heat or have been away
from work for a week or more. Gradually increase workloads and allow more frequent breaks
during the first week of work.
The human body can adapt to heat exposure to some extent. This physiological adaptation is
called acclimatization. After a period of acclimatization, the same activity will produce fewer
cardiovascular demands. The worker will sweat more efficiently (causing better evaporative
cooling), and thus will more easily be able to maintain normal body temperatures.
A properly designed and applied acclimatization program decreases the risk of heat-related
illnesses. Such a program basically involves exposing employees to work in a hot environment
for progressively longer periods. It is said that, for workers who have had previous experience
in jobs where heat levels are high enough to produce heat stress, the regimen should be 50%
exposure on day one, 60% on day two, 80% on day three, and 100% on day four.
For new workers (no previous experience in jobs with high heat levels), the regimen should be
20% on day one, with a 20% increase in exposure each additional day. These schedules do
not apply to workers wearing impermeable suits. Their exposures must be much shorter.
CONTRACTOR shall implement a color-coding identification for new employees as directed and
outlined in the ‘Construction EH&S Plan’.
▪ Establish a weather station along with heat shelter and display necessary weather
information for employees, i.e., wind speed, temperature, humidity etc.
▪ Communicate weather details (i.e., Heat Index, see Appendix C) to Safety Advisors and
Construction Supervisors by means of suitable communication devices
▪ Adopt the flag system in all areas where there is a direct exposure to sunlight and open
areas.
▪ Place heat stress board (showing temperature, humidity heat index, other relevant heat
stress information) at convenient locations, i.e., entrance to working areas, rest shelters
and drinking igloos, site clinic.
▪ Record Temperature, Heat Index, Humidity in Heat Monitoring log (see Appendix E).
▪ Monitor the climate and weather and display the same through different flag colors.
Also, specific workplaces with very hot work processes or where workers have experienced
heat related illnesses shall be monitored accordingly.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
Rather than being exposed to heat for extended periods of time, workers should, wherever
possible, be permitted to distribute the workload evenly over the day and incorporate
work/rest cycles.
If possible, physical demands should be reduced during hot weather, or heavier work
scheduled for cooler times of the day.
Rotating job functions among workers can help minimize overexertion and heat exposure.
The proper work cycles for reducing the ill effects of heat stress avoid “over-doing it”, e.g.
▪ Worker shall be advised to drink one cup water every ten (10) minutes,
▪ No person shall work alone (i.e., isolated) while orange heat stress danger category or
above
7.3.Personal Controls
7.3.1. Personal Protective Equipment
Workers should be aware that use of certain personal protective equipment (e.g., certain
types of respirators and impermeable clothing) can increase the risk of heat-related illness. In
some situations, special cooling devices can protect workers in hot environments.
Example, ice vests, neck/ wrist wrap, etc. may be provided to employees as needed.
B. Clothing
Lightweight, light colored, breathable clothing that covers as much of the body as possible,
shall be worn when working in direct sunlight. In addition, neck protection and sun visors for
safety helmets shall be provided.
Note:
Extra precaution shall be taken when flame-resistant clothing (FRC) is required to be worn.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
C. Wetted Clothing/Towels
During period of high heat stress potential, CONTRACTOR shall allow the employees to use
towels to wet their normal work clothes as necessary to provide cooling for their body if
situation warrants.
CONTRACTOR shall provide training for workers and supervisors about the hazards of heat
exposure and their prevention.
Training shall emphasize that heat stress can affect an individual’s ability to reason clearly.
This may cause a person to fail to recognize the sign and symptom of heat stress.
▪ CONTRACTOR shall launch an information campaign in the first week of May by starting to
include in the toolbox meeting topics about working in High Temperature conditions in site
as well as offsite locations i.e., laydown yards, pre-fabrication workshops and
accommodation at the camp.
▪ CONTRACTOR shall post information posters, slogans and other related advertisement
materials.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
▪ Workers shall have adequate potable, cool (50-60 degrees F) water close to the work area
during all periods of the day.
▪ CONTRACTOR shall ensure that drinking water (sweet water) is wholesome and which
meets the chemical, physical and micro biological section as outlined by the World Health
Organization (WHO).
▪ CONTRACTOR shall make available provision for an additional way to keep the body
hydrated, such as super hydrate.
▪ Employees shall be urged to drink 16ounces (500ml) of water before beginning in the
morning and after lunch as well.
▪ All employees shall be provided with personal water bottles. Disposable drinking cups shall
be provided as a secondary option for visitors and employees
Note:
Workers should be encouraged to salt their food well during the hot season and particularly
during hot spells; this is best done via a balanced diet and supply of balanced healthy meals.
Salted drinking water shall not be made available, unless prescribed by a licensed member of
the medical team. Nor shall workers take salt tablets due to potential adverse side effects
(e.g., nausea/vomiting, dehydration).
7.3.4. Recovery
Any employee experiencing symptoms of a heat-related illness shall be allowed to fully
recover in an appropriate recovery area before returning to work. Recovery areas shall be
shaded, cool and supplied with water. Victims of severe heat exhaustion or heat stroke shall
be immediately evacuated to the nearest site clinic with a qualified medical doctor or nurse
who can provide proper treatment.
8. Emergency Procedures
CONTRACTOR shall have an emergency plan in place that specifies what to do if a worker has
signs of heat-related illness and ensures that medical services are available if needed.
Appendix B shows symptoms and first aid measures to be taken if a worker shows signs of a
heat related illness.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
1. Cause
When a person works in a hot environment, the body must get rid of excess heat to maintain
a stable internal temperature. It does this mainly through circulating blood to the skin and
through sweating.
When the air temperature is close to or warmer than normal body temperature, cooling of the
body becomes more difficult. Blood circulated to the skin cannot lose its heat. Sweating then
becomes the main way the body cools off. But sweating is effective only if the humidity level
is low enough to allow evaporation and if the fluids and salts that are lost are adequately
replaced.
If the body cannot get rid of excess heat, it will store it. When this happens, the body’s core
temperature rises, and the heart rate increases. As the body continues to store heat, the
person begins to lose concentration and has difficulty focusing on a task, may become irritable
or sick, and often loses the desire to drink. The next stage is most often fainting and even
death if the person is not cooled down.
Excessive exposure to heat can cause a range of heat-related illnesses, from heat rash and
heat cramps to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat stroke can result in death and requires
immediate medical attention. Exposure to heat can also increase the risk of injuries because
of sweaty palms, fogged-up safety glasses, dizziness, and burns from hot surfaces or steam.
Age, weight, degree of physical fitness, degree of acclimatization, metabolism, use of alcohol
or drugs, and a variety of medical conditions such as hypertension all affect a person’s
sensitivity to heat. Prior heat injuries can predispose an individual to additional injury.
However, even the type of clothing worn must be considered. It is difficult to predict just who
will be affected and when because individual susceptibility varies. In addition, environmental
factors include more than the ambient air temperature. Radiant heat, air movement,
conduction, and relative humidity all affect an individual’s response to heat.
2. Heat Stroke
Heat Stroke occurs when the body’s system of temperature regulation fails, and body
temperature rises to critical levels. This condition is caused by a combination of highly
variable factors, and its occurrence is difficult to predict. Heat stroke is a medical emergency.
The primary signs and symptoms of heat stroke are confusion; irrational behavior; loss of
consciousness; convulsions; a lack of sweating (usually); hot, dry skin; and an abnormally
high body temperature. If body temperature is too high, it causes death. The elevated
metabolic temperatures caused by a combination of workload and environmental heat load,
both of which contribute to heat stroke, are also highly variable and difficult to predict.
If a worker shows signs of possible heat stroke, professional medical treatment should be
obtained immediately. The worker should be placed in a shady area and the outer clothing
should be removed.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
The worker’s skin should be wetted and air movement around the worker should be increased
to improve evaporative cooling until professional methods of cooling are initiated and the
seriousness of the condition can be assessed. Fluids should be replaced as soon as possible.
The medical outcome of an episode of heat stroke depends on the victim’s physical fitness and
the timing and effectiveness of first aid treatment.
Regardless of the worker’s protests, no employee suspected of being ill from heat stroke
should be sent home or left unattended unless a physician has specifically approved such an
order.
3. Heat Exhaustion
The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion are headache, nausea, vertigo, weakness, thirst,
and giddiness. Fortunately, this condition responds readily to prompt treatment. Heat
exhaustion should not be dismissed lightly, however, for several reasons.
One is that the fainting associated with heat exhaustion can be dangerous because the victim
may be operating machinery or controlling an operation that should not be left unattended;
moreover, the victim may be injured when he or she faints.
Also, the signs and symptoms seen in heat exhaustion are similar to those of heat stroke, a
medical emergency.
Workers suffering from heat exhaustion should be removed from the hot environment and
given fluid replacement. They should also be encouraged to get adequate rest.
4. Heat Cramps
Heat Cramps are usually caused by performing hard physical labor in a hot environment.
These cramps have been attributed to an electrolyte imbalance caused by sweating. It is
important to understand that cramps can be caused by both too much and too little salt.
Under extreme conditions, such as working for 6 to 8 hours in heavy protective gear, a loss of
sodium may occur. Recent studies have shown that drinking commercially available
carbohydrate electrolyte replacement liquids is effective in minimizing physiological
disturbances during recovery.
In heat collapse, the brain does not receive enough oxygen because blood pools in the
extremities. As a result, the exposed individual may lose consciousness. This reaction is
similar to that of heat exhaustion and does not affect the body’s heat balance.
However, the onset of heat collapse is rapid and unpredictable. To prevent heat collapse, the
worker should gradually become acclimatized to the hot environment.
6. Heat Rashes
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
Heat Rashes are the most common problem in hot work environments. Prickly heat is
manifested as red papules and usually appears in areas where the clothing is restrictive. As
sweating increases, these papules give rise to a prickling sensation.
Prickly heat occurs in skin that is persistently wetted by un-evaporated sweat, and heat rash
papules may become infected if they are not treated. In most cases, heat rashes will
disappear when the affected individual returns to a cool environment.
7. Heat Fatigue
A factor that predisposes an individual to heat fatigue is lack of acclimatization. The use of a
program of acclimatization and training for work in hot environments is advisable. The signs
and symptoms of heat fatigue include impaired performance of skilled sensor motor, mental
or vigilance jobs. There is no treatment for heat fatigue except to remove the heat stress
before a more serious heat-related condition develops.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
The chart below shows symptoms and first aid measures to be taken if a worker shows signs
of a heat related illness:
Heat exhaustion • Cool, moist skin • Have worker sit or lie down
• Heavy sweating in a cool shady area
• Headache • Give worker plenty of water
• Nausea or vomiting or other cool beverages to
• Dizziness drink
• Light headedness • Cool worker with cold
• Weakness compresses/ice packs
• Thirst • Take clinic or emergency
• Irritability Room for medical
• Fast heartbeat evaluation or treatment if
signs or symptoms
• Have worker seek medical
attention if cramps don’t go
away
• Ice packs and Ice jackets
(02 Pcs each) are available
in the site clinic.
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Remember, if you are not a medical professional; use this information as a guide only to help
workers in need.
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Project Document Number: PM210011-000-ZP6-00004 Release Purpose: IPE Rev: 00
Heat Index
Work:Rest
Danger Heat Minimum Water
Heat Stress illness / symptoms Periods
Category Index Needed*
(minutes)
*1 cup = 250ml
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This can also be an electronic download from a connected weather station on site - in
agreement with AP EH&S.
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