Copyright © 2013 ROLAND CORPORATION

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of
ROLAND CORPORATION.
 USING THE UNIT SAFELY
Before using this unit, carefully read the sections entitled: “USING THE UNIT SAFELY” and “IMPORTANT NOTES” ( p. 2; p. 4). These sections provide
important information concerning the proper operation of the unit. Additionally, in order to feel assured that you have gained a good grasp of every
feature provided by your new unit, Owner’s manual should be read in its entirety. The manual should be saved and kept on hand as a convenient
reference.

About WARNING and CAUTION Notices About the Symbols

The symbol alerts the user to important instructions or
Used for instructions intended to alert the warnings.The specific meaning of the symbol is
user to the risk of death or severe injury determined by the design contained within the triangle. In
should the unit be used improperly. the case of the symbol at left, it is used for general
cautions, warnings, or alerts to danger.
Used for instructions intended to alert the
user to the risk of injury or material The symbol alerts the user to items that must never be
damage should the unit be used carried out (are forbidden). The specific thing that must
improperly. not be done is indicated by the design contained within
the circle. In the case of the symbol at left, it means that
* Material damage refers to damage or the unit must never be disassembled.
other adverse effects caused with
respect to the home and all its The symbol alerts the user to things that must be
furnishings, as well to domestic animals carried out. The specific thing that must be done is
or pets. indicated by the design contained within the circle. In the
case of the symbol at left, it means that the power-cord
plug must be unplugged from the outlet.

ALWAYS OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING

WARNING WARNING WARNING

Concerning the AUTO OFF function Do not place in an unstable location Don’t allow foreign objects or liquids to enter unit;
The power to this unit will be Make sure you always have the unit never place containers with liquid on unit
turned off automatically after a placed so it is level and sure to remain Do not place containers containing
predetermined amount of time has stable. Never place it on stands that liquid (e.g., flower vases) on this
passed since its buttons or controls could wobble, or on inclined surfaces. product. Never allow foreign objects
were last operated (AUTO OFF (e.g., flammable objects, coins, wires)
function). If you do not want the Use only the included AC adaptor and the correct or liquids (e.g., water or juice) to enter
power to be turned off automatically, voltage this product. Doing so may cause
disengage the AUTO OFF function short circuits, faulty operation, or
Be sure to use only the AC adaptor
(p. 25). other malfunctions.
included with the unit. Also, make
sure the line voltage at the installation
Do not disassemble or modify by yourself matches the input voltage specified Turn off the unit if an abnormality or malfunction
Do not open (or modify in any way) on the AC adaptor’s body. Other AC occurs
the unit or its AC adaptor. adaptors may use a different polarity, Immediately turn the unit off, remove
or be designed for a different voltage, the AC adaptor from the outlet, and
so their use could result in damage, request servicing by your retailer, the
malfunction, or electric shock. nearest Roland Service Center, or an
Do not repair or replace parts by yourself authorized Roland distributor, as listed
Do not attempt to repair the unit, Use only the included power cord on the “Information” sheet when:
or replace parts within it (except Use only the attached power-supply
when this manual provides specific • The AC adaptor, the power-supply
cord. Also, the included power cord cord, or the plug has been damaged;
instructions directing you to do so). must not be used with any other or
Refer all servicing to your retailer, the device.
nearest Roland Service Center, or an • If smoke or unusual odor occurs; or
authorized Roland distributor, as listed Do not bend the power cord or place heavy objects
on the “Information” sheet. • Objects have fallen into, or liquid has
on it been spilled onto the unit; or
Do not use or store in the following types of locations Do not excessively twist or bend the
power cord, nor place heavy objects • The unit has been exposed to rain
• Subject to temperature extremes (or otherwise has become wet); or
on it. Doing so can damage the cord,
(e.g., direct sunlight in an enclosed producing severed elements and short • The unit does not appear to operate
vehicle, near a heating duct, on top circuits. Damaged cords are fire and normally or exhibits a marked
of heat-generating equipment); or shock hazards! change in performance.
are
• Damp (e.g., baths, washrooms, on Avoid extended use at high volume Adults must provide supervision in places where
wet floors); or are This unit, either alone or in children are present
• Exposed to steam or smoke; or are combination with an amplifier and When using the unit in locations
headphones or speakers, may be where children are present, be careful
• Subject to salt exposure; or are capable of producing sound levels so no mishandling of the unit can
that could cause permanent hearing take place. An adult should always be
• Humid; or are loss. Do not operate for a long period on hand to provide supervision and
• Exposed to rain; or are of time at a high volume level, or at guidance.
a level that is uncomfortable. If you
• Dusty or sandy; or are experience any hearing loss or ringing
• Subject to high levels of vibration in the ears, you should immediately
and shakiness. stop using the unit, and consult an
audiologist.

2
 USING THE UNIT SAFELY

Overview
WARNING CAUTION CAUTION
Do not drop or subject to strong impact Manage cables for safety Precautions concerning use of phantom power supply
Protect the unit from strong impact. Try to prevent cords and cables from Always turn the phantom power off
(Do not drop it!) becoming entangled. Also, all cords when connecting any device other
and cables should be placed so they than condenser microphones that

Quick Guide
are out of the reach of children. require phantom power. You risk
causing damage if you mistakenly
Do not share an outlet with an unreasonable number Avoid climbing on top of the unit, or placing heavy supply phantom power to dynamic
of other devices objects on it microphones, audio playback devices,
Do not force the unit’s power- or other devices that don’t require
Never climb on top of, nor place heavy
supply cord to share an outlet with such power. Be sure to check the
objects on the unit.
an unreasonable number of other specifications of any microphone
devices. Be especially careful when you intend to use by referring to the
using extension cords—the total manual that came with it.

Getting Ready
power used by all devices you have Do not connect or disconnect the AC adaptor with wet
connected to the extension cord’s (This instrument’s phantom power: 48 V DC, 10
hands mA per channel)
outlet must never exceed the power
Never handle the AC adaptor or its
rating (watts/amperes) for the
plugs with wet hands when plugging Take care not to get burned
extension cord. Excessive loads can
into, or unplugging from, an outlet or
cause the insulation on the cord to Batteries may reach a high
this unit.
heat up and eventually melt through. temperature; please be careful to
avoid burning yourself.
Disconnect everything before moving the unit

IN/OUT/Monitor
Do not use overseas
Before moving the unit, disconnect
Before using the unit in a foreign Handle leaking batteries carefully
the AC adaptor and all cords coming
country, consult with your retailer, the
from external devices. • If fluid has leaked from a battery,
nearest Roland Service Center, or an
authorized Roland distributor, as listed make sure not to touch it with your
on the “Information” sheet bare hands.
Unplug the AC adaptor from the outlet before
cleaning • If any of the leaking fluid gets
Handle batteries carefully into your eyes, the loss of vision
Before cleaning the unit, turn it off

Recording/Playback
• Batteries must never be recharged, may result. Do not rub your eyes;
and unplug the AC adaptor from the use clean water to flush them
heated, taken apart, or thrown into outlet (p. 24).
fire or water. thoroughly. Then, promptly see a
doctor.
• Never expose batteries to excessive
heat such as sunshine, fire or the like. If there is a possibility of lightning strike, disconnect • Burning of the skin or dermatitis may
the AC adaptor from the outlet result if fluid has gotten onto your
• Incorrect handling of batteries, skin or clothing. Use clean water
rechargeable batteries, or a Whenever you suspect the possibility
of lightning in your area, disconnect to flush affected areas thoroughly;
battery charger can cause leakage, then, promptly see a doctor.
overheating, fire, or explosion. the AC adaptor from the outlet.
Before use, you must read and • Using a soft cloth, carefully wipe
strictly observe all of the precautions any remaining fluid from the inside

Mixer
that accompany the batteries, Handle batteries carefully of the battery compartment. Then,
rechargeable batteries, or battery If used improperly, batteries may install new batteries.
charger. explode or leak and cause damage
• When using rechargeable or injury. In the interest of safety,
batteries and a charger, use only please read and observe the following
the combination of rechargeable precautions (p. 23).
batteries and charger specified by
the battery manufacturer. • Carefully follow the installation

Timecode
instructions for batteries, and
make sure you observe the correct
polarity.
CAUTION • Avoid using new batteries together
Place in a well ventilated location with used ones. In addition, avoid
mixing different types of batteries.
The unit and the AC adaptor should
be located so their location or position • Remove the batteries whenever
File Operation

does not interfere with their proper the unit is to remain unused for an
ventilation. extended period of time.

When disconnecting an AC adaptor, grasp it by the • Never keep batteries together with
plug metallic objects such as ballpoint
pens, necklaces, hairpins, etc.
To prevent conductor damage, always
grasp the AC adaptor by its plug when • Used batteries must be disposed
disconnecting it from this unit or from of in compliance with whatever
a power outlet. regulations for their safe disposal
that may be observed in the region
USB

Periodically clean the AC adaptor’s plug in which you live.

At regular intervals, you should
unplug the AC adaptor and clean Handle the ground terminal carefully
it by using a dry cloth to wipe all If you remove the screw from the
dust and other accumulations away ground terminal, be sure to replace
from its prongs. Also, disconnect the it; don’t leave it lying around where
power plug from the power outlet it could accidently be swallowed by
whenever the unit is to remain unused small children. When refastening the
Appendix

for an extended period of time. Any screw, make that it is firmly fastened,
accumulation of dust between the so it won’t come loose.
power plug and the power outlet can
result in poor insulation and lead to
fire.

3
 IMPORTANT NOTES
Power Supply Maintenance Using External Memories
• Do not connect this unit to same electrical • For everyday cleaning wipe the unit with a • USB flash drives, SD cards, SDHC cards, are
outlet that is being used by an electrical soft, dry cloth or one that has been slightly constructed using precision components;
appliance that is controlled by an dampened with water. To remove stubborn handle the memories, cards carefully, paying
inverter or a motor (such as a refrigerator, dirt, use a cloth impregnated with a mild, particular note to the following.
washing machine, microwave oven, or air non-abrasive detergent. Afterwards, be sure • To prevent damage to the cards from static
conditioner). Depending on the way in which to wipe the unit thoroughly with a soft, dry electricity, be sure to discharge any static
the electrical appliance is used, power supply cloth. electricity from your own body before handling
noise may cause this unit to malfunction the cards.
or may produce audible noise. If it is not • Never use benzine, thinners, alcohol or
practical to use a separate electrical outlet, solvents of any kind, to avoid the possibility • Do not touch or allow metal to come into
connect a power supply noise filter between of discoloration and/or deformation. contact with the contact portion of the cards.
this unit and the electrical outlet. Repairs and Data • Do not bend, drop, or subject cards to strong
shock or vibration.
• The AC adaptor will begin to generate heat • Please be aware that all data contained in
after long hours of consecutive use. This is the unit’s memory may be lost when the unit • Do not keep cards in direct sunlight, in closed
normal, and is not a cause for concern. is sent for repairs. Important data should vehicles, or other such locations.
• The use of an AC adaptor is recommended always be backed up USB flash drives, SD • Do not allow cards to become wet.
as the unit’s power consumption is relatively cards, SDHC cards, or written down on paper • Do not disassemble or modify the cards.
high. Should you prefer to use batteries, (when possible). During repairs, due care
please use the alkaline or rechargeable Ni- is taken to avoid the loss of data. However, Copyright
MH type. in certain cases (such as when circuitry
related to memory itself is out of order), we • It is forbidden by law to make an audio
• To prevent malfunction and equipment regret that it may not be possible to restore recording, video recording, copy or
failure, always make sure to turn off the the data, and Roland assumes no liability revision of a third party’s copyrighted work
power on all your equipment before you concerning such loss of data. (musical work, video work, broadcast, live
make any connections. performance, or other work), whether
Additional Precautions in whole or in part, and distribute, sell,
Power Supply: Use of Batteries lease, perform, or broadcast it without the
• Please be aware that the contents of permission of the copyright owner.
• When installing or replacing batteries, always memory can be irretrievably lost as a result
turn this unit off and disconnect any other of a malfunction, or the improper operation • Do not use this product for purposes that
devices you may have connected. This way, of the unit. Data stored on an SD card or could infringe on a copyright held by a
you can prevent malfunction and damage. USB flash drive has a finite lifespan, and may third party. We assume no responsibility
• If operating this unit on batteries, please be lost simply with the passage of time. To whatsoever with regard to any infringements
use alkaline batteries or rechargeable Ni-MH protect yourself against the risk of loosing of third-party copyrights arising through
batteries. important data, we recommend that you your use of this product
back up important data to another location
Placement such as a computer. • This product can be used to record or
duplicate audio or visual material without
• Using the unit near power amplifiers (or • Unfortunately, it may be impossible to being limited by certain technological copy-
other equipment containing large power restore the contents of data that was stored protection measures. This is due to the fact
transformers) may induce hum. To alleviate in the unit’s memory, USB flash drives, SD that this product is intended to be used for
the problem, change the orientation of this cards, SDHC cards, once it has been lost. the purpose of producing original music or
unit; or move it farther away from the source Roland Corporation assumes no liability video material, and is therefore designed
of interference. concerning such loss of data. so that material that does not infringe
• Use a reasonable amount of care when using copyrights belonging to others (for example,
• This device may interfere with radio and your own original works) can be recorded or
television reception. Do not use this device the unit’s buttons, sliders, or other controls;
and when using its jacks and connectors. duplicated freely.
in the vicinity of such receivers.
Rough handling can lead to malfunctions. • MMP (Moore Microprocessor Portfolio)
• Noise may be produced if wireless refers to a patent portfolio concerned with
communications devices, such as cell • Never strike or apply strong pressure to the
display. microprocessor architecture, which was
phones, are operated in the vicinity of this developed by Technology Properties Limited
unit. Such noise could occur when receiving • When disconnecting all cables, grasp the (TPL). Roland has licensed this technology
or initiating a call, or while conversing. connector itself—never pull on the cable. from the TPL Group.
Should you experience such problems, you This way you will avoid causing shorts, or
should relocate such wireless devices so they damage to the cable’s internal elements. • The SD logo ( ) and SDHC logo
are at a greater distance from this unit, or
switch them off. • To avoid disturbing others nearby, try to ( ) are trademarks of SD-3C, LLC.
keep the unit’s volume at reasonable levels.
• Do not expose the unit to direct sunlight,
place it near devices that radiate heat, leave • When you need to transport the unit,
it inside an enclosed vehicle, or otherwise package it in the box (including padding) • ASIO is a trademark and software of
subject it to temperature extremes. Excessive that it came in, if possible. Otherwise, you Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH.
heat can deform or discolor the unit. will need to use equivalent packaging • This product contains eCROS integrated
materials. software platform of eSOL Co.,Ltd. eCROS is a
• When moved from one location to another
where the temperature and/or humidity is • Some connection cables contain resistors. trademark of eSOL Co., Ltd. in Japan.
very different, water droplets (condensation) Do not use cables that incorporate resistors • Company names and product names
may form inside the unit. Damage or for connecting to this unit. The use of such appearing in this document are registered
malfunction may result if you attempt to use cables can cause the sound level to be trademarks or trademarks of their respective
the unit in this condition. Therefore, before extremely low, or impossible to hear. For owners.
using the unit, you must allow it to stand for information on cable specifications, contact
several hours, until the condensation has the manufacturer of the cable. • Roland, BOSS are either registered
completely evaporated. trademarks or trademarks of Roland
Corporation in the United States and/or
• Depending on the material and temperature other countries.
of the surface on which you place the unit, its
rubber feet may discolor or mar the surface.
You can place a piece of felt or cloth
under the rubber feet to prevent this from
happening. If you do so, please make
sure that the unit will not slip or move
accidentally.
• Do not place containers or anything else
containing liquid on top of this unit. Also,
whenever any liquid has been spilled on the
surface of this unit, be sure to promptly wipe
it away using a soft, dry cloth.

4
 Contents

Overview
Using a Footswitch to Remotely Control Recording or Playback. . . . . . . . . . . 42
USING THE UNIT SAFELY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Assigning a Function to the Footswitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
IMPORTANT NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Mixer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
MIXER Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Adjusting the MIX LEVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Panel Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Front Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Quick Guide
MUTE ON/OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Side Panel (Left). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
LINK ON/OFF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Side Panel (Right). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
EQ ON/OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Rear Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Editing the EQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Top Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
MASTER LIMITER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Items in the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Adjusting the Output Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Home Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Recording a Two-channel Mix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
MENU Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Getting Ready
What Is a Project? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 TIMECODE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Project File Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TIMECODE MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
BWF and iMXL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
FRAME RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
TIMECODE OUTPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Quick Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Internal Timecode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Manually Jamming to External Timecode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Specifying the REC-RUN Start Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Preparing the Power Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

IN/OUT/Monitor
Installing Batteries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 SLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Connecting the AC adaptor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SLATE TONE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Using External Power Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Specifying the Output Destination for the Slate Tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Turning the Power On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
SLATE MIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Preventing the Power from Automatically Turning Off (AUTO OFF) . 25
Using the Slate Mic to Record on Desired Tracks of the Recorder . . . 50
Setting the Date and Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
SD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Project and Folder Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Inserting an SD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Basic Operation in the Finder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Recording/Playback
Formatting an SD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Opening a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Removing an SD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Copying a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Moving a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Input Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Deleting a Project or Folder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Input Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Renaming a Project or Folder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Input Source Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Viewing Information About the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Protecting a Project (Protect). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Audio Input from a Digital Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Repairing a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Low Cut Filter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Creating a Folder/Sorting Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Limiter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Creating a Folder at the Root Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Mixer
Input Level and Input Sensitivity Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Creating a Folder Within a Folder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Sorting Projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Output Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Output Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Backing Up and Loading the R-88’s Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Switching the Output Level of the Analog Output Jacks (MIX L/
Creating a Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
OUT 1, MIX R/OUT 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Loading /Renaming / Deleting a Backup into the R-88. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Switching the Maximum Output Level of the MIX OUT (STEREO)
Copying a Project to USB Flash Drive / Loading from USB Flash

Timecode
jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Selecting the Output Audio for OUT 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, and 7/8. . . . . . . . . . 33
Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Switching the Internal Speakers ON/OFF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Copying a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Viewing Information About the Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Monitor Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Monitor Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Connecting to Your Computer via USB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Settings for Headphone Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 USB Connection Mode Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
PFL (Pre Fader Listen). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Exchanging Files With Your Computer (Storage). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
File Operation

REALTIME ANALYZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Connecting the R-88 to Your Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Disconnecting from Your Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Recording/Playback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Using the R-88 as an Audio Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Recording Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Block Diagram for Audio Interface Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Specifying the Input (Recording) Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Installing the USB Driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Selecting the Audio File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Simultaneous Recording on the R-88 Itself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
MIX REC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Listening to the Computer’s Playback Through the R-88. . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Choosing the Project Naming Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Pre-Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Parameter List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
USB

Sampling Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Bit Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Basic Operation for Recording. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Marker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Basic Operation for Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Playback Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
PLAY MODE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
R-88 Block Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
PLAY REPEAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix

AB REPEAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
MS Mic Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
MS MIC DECODER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
MS-MIC LEVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
MS-MIC WIDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5
 Overview
Panel Description

Front Panel
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9
10
11

12

13 14 15
1 [POWER] switch 9 [ ] (−) button
Slide this switch in the direction of the arrow to turn the power on/ Press this button to move to the beginning of the project, or to
off (p. 25). select the previous project. By holding down this button, you can
rewind through the project. You can do this during playback or
2 [HOLD] switch while stopped. When making various settings on the R-88, this
button decreases the value of the selected parameter.
When the power is on, setting the [HOLD] switch in the ON position
will disable operation of the knobs, buttons, touch panel, and 10 [ ] (+) button
master level. Disabling these controls will help prevent unintended Press this button to select the next project. By holding down
operation. this button, you can fast-forward through the project. You can
You can specify which controls to disable by using <SYSTEM do this during playback or while stopped. When making various
SETUP>Ú<HOLD> (p. 66). settings on the R-88, this button increases the value of the selected
parameter.
3 SLATE MIC MEMO
This mic allows you to break into the input audio and record If you press both the [ ] (−) button and the [ ] (+) button,
comments such as credits or take numbers (p. 50). the selected value will return to its default setting.

4 [SLATE] switch 11 [MENU] (HOME) button

This switch turns on the slate mic or outputs a slate tone (p. 50). If This button lets you make various settings for the R-88, such as
you slide the switch to the “MIC” position and hold it there for two recording/playback settings and specifying the date and time (p. 12).
seconds, the slate mic will turn on. If you slide the switch to the If the home screen is not displayed, this button takes you back to
“TONE” position and hold it there for two seconds, a slate tone will the home screen.
be output. 12 PHONES jack
5 Touch panel display You can connect headphones here (p. 32).
This touch panel shows various information for the R-88, and also 13 [LEVEL]/[SENS] knob (1/L–8/R),
allows you to make settings and perform operations (p. 10).

6
PK (PEAK) indicator
[ ] (STOP) button These knobs adjust the input levels from the XLR input jacks 25
This button stops playback or recording. (1/L–8/R) located on the right side panel (p. 31). The inner knob
adjusts LEVEL, and the outer ring adjusts SENS.
7 [ ] (PLAY/PAUSE) button The [LEVEL] knobs can be switched between two functions: input
level setting or mixer fader (Level Knob Mode p. 43).
Press this button to start playback, or to pause playback or The PK (PEAK) indicator at the right of each knob will light when the
recording. input volume is excessive.
You can change the level at which the PK indicator will light
8 [ ] (REC) button (SYSTEM SETUP–PEAK INDICATOR p. 66).
This button starts recording. During recording, the indicator will 14 [MASTER] knob
light. If you pause during recording, the indicator will blink.
This knob adjusts the output volume of the mixer. Press this knob to
access the mixer edit screen (p. 43).
15 [MONITOR] knob
This knob adjusts the volume of the headphones and speakers.
Press this knob to access the monitor setting screen (Headphone
setting/PFL /REALTIME ANALYZER).
6
 Overview

Overview
Side Panel (Left)
16 17 18

Quick Guide
Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
19 20 21 22 23 24

16 DIGITAL OUT jack 20 External power supply select switch

This jack outputs a digital signal. You can connect digital devices, This switch selects the type of external power supply connected to
such as speakers or mixers, with an XLR type cable (AES/EBU, IEC the DC IN jack 19 .
60958-4 compliant). The internal mixer’s two-channel mix is output

Recording/Playback
here as a digital signal. Set this to the AC ADAPTOR position if using an AC adaptor, or
to EXT BATTERY if using a commercially available external power
supply.
17 DIGITAL IN jack * If this is set to EXT BATTERY, you must specify the final voltage
If you want to record a digital signal, connect a XLR type cable to (p. 24).
this jack. The digital input signal is recorded in stereo with the L
channel on track 1 and the R channel on track 2. 21 Analog Output (MIX L/OUT 1, MIX R/OUT 2) jacks
These are XLR balanced output jacks. As the audio output, you can
18 Rubber flap select either specific tracks or the output of the internal mixer (two-

Mixer
Open this cover to expose the SD card slot, USB MEMORY port, channel mix). You can switch the output level (+4 dBu/-60 dBu). For
and USB COMPUTER port. details, refer to “Output Settings” (p. 32).
* This instrument is equipped with
SD card slot balanced (XLR) type jacks. Wiring
diagrams for these jacks are 1: GND 2: HOT
Insert the SD card into this slot (p. 26).
shown at right. Make connections
after first checking the wiring

Timecode
USB MEMORY port diagrams of other equipment you
3: COLD
You can connect a commercially available USB flash drive to this intend to connect.
port. A project recorded on the R-88 can be copied to your USB
flash drive as a backup. A backup from your USB flash drive can also NOTE
be loaded into the R-88. Do not supply phantom power from an external device to these
output jacks.
USB COMPUTER port
File Operation

Use a commercially available USB cable to connect this to your 22 MIX OUT (STEREO) jack
computer. This allows projects recorded on the R-88 to be
transferred to your computer, or WAV files from your computer to This is a stereo-mini output jack. It outputs the output of the
be copied to the R-88 for playback (p. 60). internal mixer (two-channel mix). You can switch the output level (2
You can also use the R-88 as a USB audio interface (p. 63). Vrms/-30 dBu). For details, refer to “Output Settings” (p. 32).

19 23 TIMECODE IN/OUT jacks

DC IN jack
You can connect either the included AC adaptor You can connect devices with a timecode port. This allows you to
USB

or a commercially available cable for an external records the timecode in the R-88 when the recording starts (IN) and
power device. For details, refer to “Connecting the to output the R-88 internal timecode (OUT). For details on recording
AC adaptor” (p. 24), or ”Using External Power Sources” the timecode, see ”TIMECODE” (p. 47).
(p. 24).
24 CONTROL 1, 2 jack
You can connect a footswitch here (BOSS FS-6 or FS-5U; sold
Appendix

separately), then use it to control playback, recording, or rewind (p.

42).

7
Overview

Side Panel (Right)

25 26

27

25 Analog input (IN 1/L–IN 8/R) jacks 26 [PHANTOM] switch

These are analog audio input jacks equipped with mic preamps. These switches turn on/off the phantom power that is supplied to
Each of the XLR input jacks 1-8 can be used as a monaural input, each XLR input jack.
providing a total of 8 input channels. Alternatively, XLR input jacks 1 * Always turn the phantom power off when connecting any
and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, and 7 and 8 can be used as four stereo-input device other than condenser microphones that require
channels. For details, refer to “Input Settings” (p. 28). phantom power. You risk causing damage if you mistakenly
* This instrument is equipped with supply phantom power to dynamic microphones, audio
balanced (XLR) type jacks. Wiring playback devices, or other devices that don’t require such
diagrams for these jacks are power. Be sure to check the specifications of any microphone
2: HOT 1: GND
shown at right. Make connections you intend to use by referring to the manual that came with it.
after first checking the wiring (This instrument’s phantom power: 48 V DC, 10 mA per channel)
diagrams of other equipment you
3: COLD
intend to connect. 27 Ground Terminal
Refer to “About the Ground Terminal” (p. 9).

Rear Panel

28 29

28 Security slot ( ) 29 Analog Output (OUT 3–OUT 8) jack

You can attach a commercial available security cable to this slot to These are XLR balanced output jacks. As the audio output signal,
prevent theft. you can choose either specific tracks or the output of the internal
mixer (two-channel mix). The output level is fixed at +4 dBu.
http://www.kensington.com/
* This instrument is equipped with
balanced (XLR) type jacks. Wiring
diagrams for these jacks are 1: GND 2: HOT
shown at right. Make connections
after first checking the wiring
diagrams of other equipment you
intend to connect. 3: COLD

NOTE
Do not supply phantom power from an external device to these
output jacks.
8
 Overview

Overview
Top Panel

Quick Guide
30

Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
31

Recording/Playback
30 Battery case
Install batteries here. The entire battery case can be removed and

Mixer
installed with the batteries (p. 23).

31 Internal speakers
These are built-in speakers for monitoring. If you want to hear
sound from the internal speakers, access the MENU item OUTPUT
SETUP, and turn SPEAKER SW “ON.” For details, refer to “Switching
the Internal Speakers ON/OFF” (p. 33).

Timecode
* No sound will be output while using headphones or while
recording.

About the Ground Terminal (p. 8)

File Operation

Depending on the circumstances of a particular setup, you

may experience a discomforting sensation, or perceive that
the surface feels gritty to the touch when you touch this
device, microphones connected to it, or the metal portions of
other objects. This is due to an infinitesimal electrical charge,
which is absolutely harmless. However, if you are concerned
about this, connect the ground terminal (p. 8) with an external
ground. When the unit is grounded, a slight hum may occur,
USB

depending on the particulars of your installation. If you

are unsure of the connection method, contact the nearest
Roland Service Center, or an authorized Roland distributor, as
listed on the “Information” sheet
* ‌Unsuitable places for connection
• ‌Water pipes (may result in shock or electrocution)
Appendix

• ‌Gas pipes (may result in fire or explosion)

• ‌Telephone-line ground or lightning rod (may be
dangerous in the event of lightning)

9
Overview

Items in the Screen

Home Screen
The screen that appears when you turn on the power is called the home screen.
The home screen will switch in tandem with record or playback operations. If you want to switch screens while stopped, touch in the
upper right of the screen.

Home screen for recording

This is the recording-standby screen. In this state, the audio input can be monitored at all times, and recording can be started at any moment.

Remaining recordable time on

the SD card Buffer indicator
* “REM” will blink when the Movement of this meter toward the right indicates that it is
remaining time runs low. taking a longer time to write data to the SD card.
Name of project
being recorded
Elapsed recording time of the project
Timecode (p. 47) Recording settings
Clip indicator The sampling rate indication will change depending on the
status of DIGITAL IN.
• No digital connection/No signal = (black text)
Level meter • Abnormal digital signal reception= (blinking)
(The sampling rate is incorrect)
• Digital signal being received normally= (highlighted)

Track number
Buttons
The display will change depending on the settings.
• INPUT SW ON =
• DIGITAL IN =
• INPUT MS-MIC DECODER ON =
Record/recording- Current date and • INPUT LINK ON =
standby status time

Headphone output setting (p. 34) Power supply status (p. 23)

Icon Settings Icon Power Supply

Stereo AC Adaptor
L+R MIX mono External Power Supply (the
number is the final voltage)
L mono
Battery
R mono

Home screen for playback

This is the playback-standby screen. Audio input is muted while this screen is displayed.

Project length
Name of project
being played back
Elapsed playback time of the project

Project timecode Recording settings of the project

Clip indicator * If the USB sampling rate is different

than the sampling rate of the
project, the sampling rate indication
will blink.
Level meter Progress bar

Track number
Buttons
The numbers are shown only for
tracks that contain recorded data.

10
 Overview

Overview
Buttons in the home screen
By touching the buttons in the bottom of the record/stop or playback home screens, you can edit the various input settings, specify how the level
meters will be displayed, and assign markers within the project.

During recording

Quick Guide
<INPUT> button <SENS> button
Switch each input on/off, Check the sensitivity setting
specify low cut, and make limiter of each input. The value of the
settings (p. 28). sensitivity setting is adjusted
using the [SENS] knobs 13
(p. 6) on the front panel.

Getting Ready
<METER ZOOM> button <MARK> button (during

IN/OUT/Monitor
Magnifies the 20 dB region of the recording)
level meter display. Assigns a marker within the
project (p. 38). By touching this
button during recording, you
can assign a marker to the
current location.

Recording/Playback
During playback
Progress Bar
Indicated the playback position.
By touching this you can jump to the desired playback position.

Mixer
<A-B> button < > button
Repeatedly play back the By touching and sliding this
specified region (AB repeat) button to the left or right, you
within the project(p. 40). can rewind or fast-forward the
project. Rewind or fast-forward
will become faster as you move
the button farther from the
center.

Timecode

<MARK> button
File Operation

Touch this button to access the

Marker screen (p. 38).
USB
Appendix

11
Overview

MENU Screen
This screen will appear when you press the [MENU] (HOME) button.

In this manual, operations starting from the MENU screen are expressed as follows.
<Example>
Select <REC/PLAY SETUP>, and then select <REC FILE>.
[MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<REC FILE>

MENU
This is the main menu screen.

To return to the previous screen, press

the [MENU] (HOME) button once again,
or touch in the screen. Touch one of these icons to access the corresponding
* By pressing the [MENU] (HOME) button you setting screen.
can instantly return to the home screen from
any level.

Basic Operation of each screen

Go back to the previous screen

Go to the next page

The explanations in this manual include illustrations that depict what should typically be shown by the display. Note, however, that your unit may
incorporate a newer, enhanced version of the system, so what you actually see in the display may not always match what appears in the manual.
12
 Overview

Overview
• For details on each screen, refer to the pages listed on P. XX .
• For details of each parameter, refer to “Parameter List” (p. 65).

Quick Guide
FINDER p. 51 REC/PLAY SETUP
Manage projects and folders. p. 35, p. 39
Make recording and playback settings.

Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
Recording/Playback
INPUT SETUP p. 28 OUTPUT SETUP p. 32 USB SETUP p. 60, p. 63
Make input settings. Make output settings. Make settings for using the R-88 as a USB
audio interface.

Mixer
Timecode
TIMECODE/TIME MENU MEMORY MENU SYSTEM SETUP p. 66
p. 47, p. 26 p. 58, p. 27
File Operation

Make settings for the R-88 itself.

Make settings for the timecode, date, Make settings for SD cards and USB flash
and time. drives.
USB
Appendix

13
Overview

What Is a Project? BWF and iMXL

On the R-88, the data that you record and play back are handled in The WAV files recorded by the R-88 are in BWF (Broadcast Wave
units called “projects.” Format). The recording start time and the following iXML metadata
will be included in the file.

Project File Structure iXML metadata Explanation

This will record the date if the
PROJECT NAME setting (p. 35) is
If you connect the R-88 to your computer, you can see how these “Date”, or the specified text string if
<SCENE> the setting is “U1–U8.”
folders and files are organized (p. 61).
If you edit the project name, this
/Root data will also be changed.
This will record the time if the
R88_0001.PJT (Monaural 1-channel project)
PROJECT NAME setting (p. 35) is
R88_0001_1.WAV (Monaural WAV) “Date”, or a sequential number if the
R88_0002.PJT (Stereo 1-channel project) <TAKE> setting is “U1–U8.”
R88_0002_1.WAV (Stereo WAV) If you edit the project name, this
R88_0003.PJT (Monaural 2-channel project) data will also be changed.
R88_0003_1.WAV (Monaural WAV) <SPEED><TIMECODE_RATE>
This records the TIMECODE RATE.
R88_0003_2.WAV (Monaural WAV) <SPEED><TIMECODE_FLAG>
R88_0004.PJT (Monaural 3-channel project)
R88_0004_1.WAV (Monaural WAV) * The iXML metadata is not loaded at the time of playback.
R88_0004_2.WAV (Monaural WAV)
R88_0004_3.WAV (Monaural WAV)
R88_0004_M.PJT (Monaural 2-channel project created by
making a 2-channel mix of R88_0004.PJT)
R88_0004_M_L.WAV (Monaural WAV)
R88_0004_M_R.WAV (Monaural WAV)

R88_0005.PJT (Stereo 2-channel project)

R88_0005_1.WAV (Stereo WAV)
R88_0005_2.WAV (Stereo WAV)
R88_0006.PJT (Stereo 3-channel project)
R88_0006_1.WAV (Stereo WAV)
R88_0006_2.WAV (Stereo WAV)
R88_0006_3.WAV (Stereo WAV)
R88_0006_M.PJT (Stereo 1-channel project created by
making a 2-channel mix of R88_0006.PJT)
R88_0006_M_0.WAV (Stereo WAV)

SETUP
SETUP.TXT Backup of the R-88’s settings (p. 58)

MEMO
If MIX REC (p. 35) is ON, a stereo two-channel mix project will be
recorded simultaneously with the multitrack project.
For example, if you’re recording a multitrack project named
“R88_0004.PJT,” a 2-channel mix project named “R88_0004_M.
PJT” will be recorded at the same time.

The 2-channel mix project will be saved with the file names
R88_0001_M_L.WAV and R88_0001_M_R.WAV when recording
in monaural, or the file name R88_0001_M_0.WAV when
recording in stereo.

NOTE
If you use your computer to modify, delete, or rename the
files within a project, the R-88 may be unable to play back the
project.

14
 Quick Guide

1 Getting Ready

Overview
This Quick Guide explains basic operation.
For details, refer to the pages shown by the page XX symbol.

Preparing an SD Card

Quick Guide
page 26
Insert a commercially available SD card.

1. Open the rubber flap located on the left side panel. Label facing
* The cover may break if you use excessive force. upward

2. Insert the SD Card.

Getting Ready
Preparing the Power Supply

IN/OUT/Monitor
page 23
Prepare batteries, an external power supply, or the AC adaptor.

Connecting the AC adaptor. Installing batteries

1. On the side panel (left), set the external power supply Insert batteries, taking care to observe the
select switch to “AC ADAPTOR.” correct polarity.

Recording/Playback
Loosen these
two screws.

2. Connect the AC adaptor.

Mixer
Timecode
File Operation

Connecting the external power supply

1. On the side panel (left), set the external power supply

select switch to “EXT BATTERY.”
Turn on the power
USB

Slide the [POWER] switch on the front panel in

the direction of the arrow, and hold it there for
several seconds.

2. Connect the cable of a commercially available external

power supply to the DC IN jack.
3.
Appendix

Specify the final voltage.

* For details on making this setting, refer to “Using External
Power Sources” (p. 24).

15
 Quick Guide

Formatting an SD Card (Initialize)

page 27
Before using an SD card for the first time, you must first format (initialize) the SD card.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<MEMORY>Ú<SD CARD FORMAT>. 2. Touch <YES>.

Formatting will begin. When formatting is finished, the display will

indicate “COMPLETED!.”

Specifying the Date and Time

page 26
Here’s how to set the date and time of the R-88’s internal clock.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<TIMECODE/TIME>. 3. Specify the date and time.

Touch each item, and use to set the date and time.

2. Touch <DATE & TIME>.

4. Touch <OK> to confirm the setting.

16
 Quick Guide

2 Recording

Overview
This section explains the basic settings for recording, and the procedures for recording and playback.

Connections

Quick Guide
page 28
Connect your recording mics or recording sources to the R-88’s input jacks.

CD player or other audio source Dynamic Mic Condenser Mic

Equipment that has

Getting Ready
a digital output jack
(XLR)
DIGITAL IN
IN 1/L–IN 8/R

IN/OUT/Monitor
Setting of the Phantom Power
Set the [PHANTOM] switch (p. 8) to
“ON” when you have connected a
condenser microphones that require
phantom power.

Recording/Playback
Input Settings
page 28
Turn on the inputs that you want to record. Recording is possible only for inputs that are turned on.
1. In the home screen (recording) (p. 10), touch <INPUT>. 2. Touch the icon for each input to turn it on/off.

Input from the

DIGITAL IN jack

Mixer
Input from the IN
1/L–IN 8/R jacks

* DIGITAL IN cannot be used

simultaneously with IN 1

Timecode
and IN 2.
* You can also access the input
setup screens by pressing
[MENU]Ú<INPUT SETUP>.

File Operation

Input Level/Input Sensitivity Settings

page 31
Adjust the sensitivity and input level for each input to be recorded.
Use the [LEVEL]/[SENS] knobs to adjust the level and When you move a [SENS] knob (outer), the current value is shown
sensitivity. in the screen.
USB

For details on adjusting the input level, refer to “Adjusting the

Appendix

input level” (p. 31).

* The level cannot be adjusted for DIGITAL IN.

17
 Quick Guide

Settings for the Audio File to be Recorded

page 35
Choose the type of audio file to be recorded (mono/stereo), and choose the sampling rate and bit depth.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>. 6. Touch the <SAMPLE RATE> item.

Choose the type of audio file (stereo/mono) 7. Touch the rate that you want to use.

2. Touch the <REC FILE> item.

8. Touch to close the <SAMPLE RATE> window.

Choose the bit depth

3. Touch the type that you want to set.
9. Touch the <BIT DEPTH> item.

4. Touch to close the <REC FILE> window.

10. Touch the bit depth that you want to use.
Choose the sampling rate

5. Press so that 2/3 is displayed.

18
 Quick Guide

Overview
Recording/Playback

Quick Guide
Recording will take place using the input settings and audio file settings you made on p. 17 and p. 18. You can then play back the recorded file.

Recording Playback
page 37 page 39

1. Press the [ ] (REC) button. 1. Press the [ ] button.

Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
The button will light, and recording will begin. The recorded project will begin playing back.
During playback, you can hold down the [ ] button to rewind, or
hold down the [ ] button to fast-forward. When you release the

Recording/Playback
respective button, playback will resume.

When playback reaches the end of the project, it will stop. If you
want to stop before the end of the project, press the [ ] (STOP)
button.

During playback, you can press the [ ] button to pause

playback. When you press the button once again, playback will
resume from the location at which you paused.

Mixer
2. Press the [ ] (STOP) button to stop recording.

Deleting Saving to a Computer

Timecode
page 53 page 61
Here’s how to delete a recorded project. Here’s how to save a recorded project to your
computer.
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>. 1. Start up your computer.
2. Touch the name of the project or folder that you want to 2. Use a commercially available USB cable to connect the
File Operation

delete. R-88 to your computer.

The recorded project will blink.
3. Touch <STORAGE>.
3. Touch <DELETE>.
4. Touch <YES>.
USB
Appendix

* Only if you’ve selected “SELECTABLE”

4. On your computer, copy the desired file(s) from the SD

card.

19
 Quick Guide

3 Mixer
The R-88 allows you to create a two-channel stereo mix of the audio from the IN 1–IN 8 and DIGITAL IN inputs during recording, or from the audio of the
tracks of a previously recorded project. This section explains basic operation of the mixer functionality.

MIXER Screen
page 43
Press the [MASTER] knob on the front panel.

Level Settings
page 43
Here’s how to adjust the input levels during recording, or the levels of each track during playback.

Adjustment using the touch panel 2. Touch <MIXER>.

1. Touch a slider to display EDIT–FADER screen.

2. Touch a slider and drag it up or down.

To see the CH. 5–CH. 8

settings, touch the area on
the level meter to switch the
display.
* If the LEVEL KNOB mode is set to MIXER, the INPUT LEVEL is
fixed at 0 dB.

3. Use the [LEVEL] knobs to adjust the level.

To make fine adjustments, use the [ ] (−) button or [ ] (+)
button (p. 43).

3. Touch the <VIEW> tab to return to the VIEW screen.

Adjustment using the [LEVEL] knobs

You can also adjust the levels by using the [LEVEL] knobs (1/L–8/R)
on the front panel.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<LEVEL KNOB

MODE>.
<LEVEL KNOB MODE> is located on page 3/6. Touch to access * If the LEVEL KNOB MODE is set to MIXER, you can’t use the on-
3/6. screen sliders to adjust the level.

20
 Quick Guide

Overview
Pan Settings
page 44
Here’s how to adjust each input’s pan during recording, or the pan of each track during playback.

1. Touch to access the pan adjustment screen.

Quick Guide
Getting Ready
This will adjust “MS-MIC WIDE” on channels for which the MS mic
decoder (p. 41) is on.
2. Touch the knob that you want to adjust.
3. Drag the slider to the left or right to adjust the pan.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Recording/Playback
A slider will appear in the bottom of the screen.

To make fine adjustments, use the [ ] (−) button or [ ] (+)

Mixer
button (p. 44).

Stereo Link and Mute On/Off

Timecode
page 44
Here’s how to turn stereo link (p. 45) and mute (p. 44) on/off.

1. Touch . 2. Touch <MIXER LINK> or <MUTE> for the channel whose

setting you want to turn on/off. File Operation
USB
Appendix

21
 Quick Guide

EQ Settings
page 45
Here’s how to make EQ settings.
1. Touch . 3. Touch <PRM>.

2. Touch <EQ> of the channel whose setting you want to 4. Touch the slider for a parameter, and drag it left or right
turn on/off. to adjust its value.

To make fine adjustments, use the [ ] (−) button or [ ] (+)

button (p. 45).

Output Level Settings Recording a Two-channel Mix

page p. 46 page 35
Here’s how to adjust the output level to achieve the You can record a separate two-channel stereo mix
appropriate level when the R-88 is connected to an project simultaneously while recording a multitrack
external device. project.
1. Activate the slate tone (p. 50). 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<MIX REC>.
Slide the switch to the
TONE position and hold
2. Touch <ON>.
it there for two seconds.

* The slate tone cannot be output when the home screen is in

playback mode.
2. Adjust the [MASTER LEVEL] knob so that the MASTER
LEVEL meter (MST) is at the appropriate level.

MASTER LEVEL
Meter

3. Make the appropriate adjustments to the input level of

the connected device.
22
 Setup

Overview
Preparing the Power Supply Removing the battery case
Although it is possible to replace the batteries without removing
The R-88 can operate using an AC adaptor, batteries, or an external the battery case, battery replacement will be easier if you remove
power device. the battery case.

Quick Guide
Installing Batteries Loosen the screws
from these two
locations.
1
Loosen the screws
from these two
2
locations.

Getting Ready
Remove the battery
case.
2
Remove the battery
compartment cover.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Insert batteries,
taking care to observe
the correct polarity.

* We recommend that you keep batteries installed in the unit

Recording/Playback
even though you’ll be powering it with the AC adaptor. That
way, you’ll be able to continue a performance even if the cord of
the AC adaptor gets accidently disconnected from the unit.
* If operating this unit on batteries, please use alkaline batteries,
rechargeable Ni-MH batteries.

Note when using the R-88 on batteries certain period of time without performing any operation, the
display will dim or the unit’s power will turn off, depending on
If used improperly, batteries may explode or leak and cause the power conservation setting.

Mixer
damage or injury. In the interest of safety, please read and
observe the following precautions. REFERENCE
• ‌Carefully follow the installation instructions for batteries, and “Parameter List” (p. 65)
make sure you observe the correct polarity.
* ‌To prevent the power from turning off automatically, Choose
• ‌Avoid using new batteries together with used ones. In [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP> and turn the AUTO OFF setting
addition, avoid mixing different types of batteries. OFF. For details, refer to ”Turning the Power On/Off” (p. 25).
• ‌Remove the batteries whenever the unit is to remain unused

Timecode
for an extended period of time.
• ‌Never keep batteries together with metallic objects such as
Remaining battery indication
ballpoint pens, necklaces, hairpins, etc. When the remaining battery power runs low, a battery low
icon appears in the lower right of the display. When
• ‌Incorrect handling of batteries, rechargeable batteries, or this appears, install fresh batteries as soon as possible. If
a battery charger can cause leakage, overheating, fire, or you continue to use the unit in this state, the display will
explosion. Before use, you must read and strictly observe indicate“Battery Low,” and finally the R-88 will stop functioning
File Operation

all of the precautions that accompany the batteries, entirely.

rechargeable batteries, or battery charger.
• ‌When using rechargeable batteries and a charger, use only
the combination of rechargeable batteries and charger Expected battery life under continuous use:
specified by the battery manufacturer. • 96 kHz, 8 channel, phantom power on with total of 40 mA

Type of battery Battery life

Types of batteries that can be used Alkaline battery (AA, LR6) Approx. 1 hours
• ‌AA alkaline batteries (LR6) Rechargeable Ni-MH battery (AA, HR6) Approx. 2 hours
USB

• ‌AA rechargeable Ni-MH batteries (HR6)

Choose <MENU>Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<BATTERY>(p. 66), and • 96 kHz, 2 channel, phantom power off
specify the battery that you’re using.
Type of battery Battery life
* ‌The R-88 cannot recharge rechargeable Ni-MH batteries.
You’ll need to use a battery charger designed for Alkaline battery (AA, LR6) Approx. 3 hours
rechargeable Ni-MH batteries. Rechargeable Ni-MH battery (AA, HR6) Approx. 4 hours
Appendix

Power conservation function * ‌These figures will vary depending on the specifications of
the batteries and the actual conditions of use.
The R-88 has a power conservation function, which prevents
unnecessary battery consumption. If you leave the unit for a

23
Setup
* When using an external power source, even when power is
Connecting the AC adaptor automatically cut off, the R-88 starts within 30 seconds after
power is turned back on. During this period, the final voltage
If you are using an AC adaptor, you must set the external power settings can be changed.
supply select switch to “AC ADAPTOR.” * Read the following to set the final voltage for the R-88.
* Do not connect any other device to the external power supply
to which the R-88 is connected.

Setting the final voltage

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>.
1 2. Touch <EXT-POWER>.
Connect the plug of the AC
adaptor to the R-88’s DC IN <EXT-POWER> is located on page 2/6. Touch to access 2/6.
jack.

3. Touch the final voltage value that you want to specify.

2
Plug the AC adaptor into an
AC power outlet.

* Place the AC adaptor so the side with the indicator (see

illustration) faces upwards and the side with textual information
faces downwards.
The indicator will light when you plug the AC adaptor into an
AC outlet.
* Be sure to use the AC adaptor included with this product.

Using External Power Sources Setting

If you are using an external power supply, you must set the external 9.0 V, 9.5 V, 10.0 V, 10.5 V, 11.0 V, 11.5 V, 12.0 V
power supply select switch to “EXT BATTERY.”
4. Press the [MENU] (HOME) button to return to the home
screen.
You can also return to the home screen by touching a number
of times.

When using an external power supply, be sure to set the final MEMO
voltage. If an external power source is connected, the R-88 will not
The final voltage refers to the voltage when voltage can no longer switch to battery operation even if the voltage of the external
be supplied because the capacity of the external power source is power source drops below the final voltage.
reduced and voltage decreases as electricity is consumed.
If the final voltage is not properly set for the external power source,
the remaining power display cannot be shown. Refer to the user’s DC IN jack pin configuration
manual of the external power supply for the final voltage value.
Make sure that the wiring of your external
Furthermore, when the “Battery Low” message is displayed, the power source matches the R-88’s power supply
recording automatically stops, and the power automatically turns connector. Be aware that malfunctions will occur
off. Change the external power source. if you connect an external power source that is
wired differently.

Refer to the user’s manual for the external power source when using an
external power source.

24
 Setup

Overview
Turning the Power On/Off
* Once everything is properly connected (p. 28, p. 32), be sure to
Preventing the Power from
follow the procedure below to turn on their power. If you turn
on equipment in the wrong order, you risk causing malfunction Automatically Turning Off (AUTO OFF)
or equipment failure.
The power to this unit will be turned off automatically

Quick Guide
after a predetermined amount of time has passed since its
Slide the [POWER] switch in the buttons or controls were last operated (AUTO OFF function).
direction of the arrow and hold If you do not want the power to be turned off automatically,
it there for several seconds to disengage the AUTO OFF function as follows.
turn the power on/off.
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<AUTO OFF>.
<AUTO OFF> is located on page 2/6. Touch to access

Getting Ready
2/6.

When you turn on the power, the start-up screen will appear in the
display, and then the home screen will appear.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Recording/Playback
2. Touch <OFF>.

* This unit is equipped with a protection circuit. A brief interval (a

few seconds) after turning the unit on is required before it will

Mixer
operate normally.
* Before turning the unit on/off, always be sure to turn the volume
down. Even with the volume turned down, you might hear some
sound when switching the unit on/off. However, this is normal
and does not indicate a malfunction.

Timecode
NOTE
• Any
‌ settings that you are in the process of editing will be
lost when the power is turned off. If you have any settings
that you want to keep, you should save them beforehand.
• ‌To restore power, turn the power on again.
File Operation
USB
Appendix

25
Setup

Setting the Date and Time SD Card

The R-88 stores recorded data on the SD card.
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<TIMECODE/TIME>.

2. Touch <DATE & TIME>.

The calendar and clock setting screen will appear.
Inserting an SD Card
1. Make sure that the power is off.

Date
2. Open the Rubber flap located on the left side panel.
* The cover may break if you use excessive force.

3. Insert the SD card.

Time With the label surface of the SD card facing upward, insert it gently.

Label facing
upward
3. Specify the date and time.
Touch each item, and use to set the date and time.

NOTE
• Forcibly inserting the SD card in the wrong orientation may
damage the R-88 or the SD card. Please use caution.
• Press the SD card firmly all the way in.

4. Close the Rubber flap.

4. When you’ve finished setting all items, touch <OK>.
5. Switch on the power (p. 25).
MEMO
If an unformatted SD card is inserted in the R-88, the screen will
indicate “SD Unformatted.”

By touching <CANCEL> you can return to the previous screen

without making settings.

5. Press the [MENU] (HOME) button to return to the home

screen.
You can also return to the home screen by touching a number
of times.

26
 Setup

Overview
The card will be formatted.
Formatting an SD Card
If the SD card is being used for the first time, you must format the
card before it can be used.

NOTE

Quick Guide
• When you format an SD card, all data on the card will be erased.
If the card contains important data, back it up to your computer
first.
• You must format the SD card on the R-88 itself. An SD card
formatted on a device other than the R-88 might not work
correctly in the R-88.

1.

Getting Ready
Make sure that the SD card you want to format is inserted
in the SD card slot.
When formatting has been completed, the following screen will
2. Choose [MENU]Ú<MEMORY>. appear.

3. Touch <SD CARD FORMAT>.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Recording/Playback
5. Press the [MENU] (HOME) button to return to the home
screen.
You can also return to the home screen by touching a number
4. To format the card, touch <YES>. of times.

Mixer
Removing an SD Card
1. Switch off the R-88’s power (p. 25).

2. Open the Rubber flap.

Timecode
3. Gently press the SD card inward, and then release your
finger.
When the SD card pops out, remove it.

NOTE
Do not insert or remove an SD card while the power is on. The data
File Operation

on the SD card may be lost if you do so.

About SD cards
• ‌The R-88 supports SDHC cards.
• ‌Never insert or remove an SD card/SDHC card while this unit’s power is on. Doing so may corrupt the unit’s data or the data on the SD card/
SDHC card.
USB

• ‌Some memory card types or memory cards from some manufacturers may not record or play back properly on the R-88.
• ‌Carefully insert the SD card/SDHC card all the way in—until it is firmly in place.

The SD card write protect feature (LOCK) Write protect switch

The contents of the SD card/SDHC card can be protected by write protecting it. To write protect a card, slide the write
Appendix

protect switch on the side of the SD card/SDHC card to the “LOCK” position. Unlock write protect to delete data on the
card.

27
 Input Settings
The R-88’s right side panel provides eight analog XLR input jacks, while its left side panel provides one digital input jack; you can record from up to
eight inputs simultaneously.

Connections
CD player or other audio source

Dynamic Mic Condenser Mic

Equipment that has

a digital output jack
(XLR)
DIGITAL IN

IN 1/L–IN 8/R

* To prevent malfunction and equipment failure, always turn down the

volume, and turn off all the units before making any connections.
* When connection cables with resistors are used, the volume level
of the connected equipment may be low. If this happens, use
connection cables that do not contain resistors.

Input Settings Switching the polarity

From the home screen (recording), use the <INPUT> (p. 11) to access 1. Touch <POLARITY>.
the input setting screens.

* You can also access the input setup screens by pressing [MENU]
Ú<INPUT SETUP>.

Input Source Settings

You can turn each input on/off or switch its polarity.
You can also turn linking on/off for the IN 1/2, IN 3/4, IN 5/6, and IN
7/8 input levels and sensitivity. 2. Touch the inputs whose polarity you want to invert.

Input on/off settings

1. From the Home screen, choose <INPUT>.

2. Touch the icon for each input to turn it on/off.

Turn on the inputs that you want to use for recording, and turn off
the other inputs.

“INVERT” will be shown on the icon for an input when its polarity is
inverted.

* If the sampling rate (p. 36) is 192 kHz, only IN 1–IN 4 can be used.

28
 Input Settings

Overview
Input level and sensitivity link on/off Low Cut Filter Settings
The input level and sensitivity settings can be linked for each pair
When using a mic, you can use a low cut filter to reduce unwanted
IN 1 and IN 2, IN 3 and IN 4, IN 5 and IN 6, and IN 7 and IN 8. This is
low-frequency noise. Touch the <LOW CUT> tab; then turn the low
convenient when making stereo recordings.
cut filter on/off for each input and specify the cutoff frequency.
* If link is on, only operations of the odd-numbered knobs will be

Quick Guide
valid.

1. Touch the icon of the desired pair to turn link on/off.

On/off settings
1. From the home screen (recording), choose
<INPUT>Ú<LOW CUT>.

2. Touch the icon for each input to turn it on/off.

Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
Audio Input from a Digital Device

Recording/Playback
You can connect a digital device to the DIGITAL IN jack of the left
side panel (p. 7), and input audio from it.
Cutoff frequency settings
1. From the home screen (recording), choose <INPUT>. 1. Touch <PARAM>.

2. Touch <DIGITAL IN> to turn on input from the DIGITAL IN

jack.

Mixer
Timecode
The “LOW CUT PARAM” screen will appear.

* The IN 1/IN 2 (analog input jacks) cannot be used

simultaneously with the DIGITAL IN jack.
File Operation

* The input status of the digital signal is shown in the home

screen (p. 10).
USB
Appendix

29
Input Settings
2. Touch the input whose cutoff frequency you want to
Threshold and release time settings
specify.
You can adjust the level at which the limiter will be applied
(“threshold”), and the time over which the compression effect
disappears after the signal has fallen below the threshold level
(“release time”).

1. Touch <PARAM>.

3. Touch the desired cutoff frequency.

“LIMITER PARAM” screen will appear.

Limiter Settings
A limiter is provided for each input, allowing the input levels to be
compressed so that the recording will not be distorted even if loud 2. Touch the input whose threshold and release time you
sounds are input. Touch the <LIMITER> tab, and you can turn each want to adjust.
input’s limiter on/off and adjust its threshold and release time.

On/off settings
1. From the home screen (recording), choose
<INPUT>Ú<LIMITER>.

2. Touch the icon for each input to turn it on/off.

3. Drag the <THRESHOLD> slider or <RELEASE> slider to the

left or right to specify the value.
Once you’ve touched the slider, you can also use the [ ] (−)
button and [ ] (+) button on the front panel to edit the value.

30
 Input Settings

Overview
Limiter channel link settings Input Level and Input Sensitivity
Settings
Limiter channel link is a function that lets you group multiple inputs
so that the identical compression effect will be applied to all of
those inputs when any input in that group exceeds the threshold
level. The R-88 lets you create four such groups. Here’s how to adjust the sensitivity and input level of each input.

Quick Guide
1. Touch <LINK>.
* When recording in stereo, it is convenient to link the knobs of
the left and right channels (p. 29).
* The level cannot be adjusted for DIGITAL IN.

1. Turn on the inputs that you want to use for recording (p. 28).

2. Use the [LEVEL]/[SENS] knobs (p. 6) to adjust the level and

Getting Ready
sensitivity.
When you move a [SENS] knob, the current value will appear in the
screen.

IN/OUT/Monitor
“LIMITER CH LINK” screen will appear.

Recording/Playback
Knob Setting
-56 dBu, -50 dBu, -44 dBu, -38 dBu,
SENS -32 dBu, -26 dBu, -20 dBu, -14 dBu,
-8 dBu, -2 dBu, +4 dBu

2.

Mixer
Select the group for which you want to specify link
settings. Adjusting the input level
1. Turn the [SENS] knob (outer) all the way to the left.

2. Set the [LEVEL] knob (inner) to 0.

Timecode
3. While inputting audio, turn the [SENS] knob toward the
right.
While watching the level meter, adjust the level appropriately. If
you are unable to obtain the appropriate level using only the [SENS]
knob, use the [LEVEL] knob to adjust the input level.
* If the LEVEL KNOB MODE (p. 20) is set to MIXER, the INPUT LEVEL
File Operation

is fixed at 0 dB.

3. Touch the inputs that you want to add to the group.

Howling could be produced depending on the location of
microphones relative to speakers. This can be remedied by:
1. Changing the orientation of the microphone(s).
2. Relocating microphone(s) at a greater distance from speakers.
3. Lowering volume levels.
USB
Appendix

31
 Output Settings
The R-88 provides a DIGITAL OUT jack and analog output jacks (MIX L/OUT 1, MIX R/OUT 2) on the left side panel, and analog output jacks (OUT 3–
OUT 8) on the rear panel. You can adjust the output audio and output level for each jack.

Connections
Amplified speakers/Mixers OUT 3–8

Equipment that has a

digital input jack (XLR)

DIGITAL OUT

MIX L/OUT 1, MIX R/OUT 2

Mixer

PHONES

* To prevent malfunction and equipment failure, always turn down the

volume, and turn off all the units before making any connections.
* When connection cables with resistors are used, the volume level
of the connected equipment may be low. If this happens, use
connection cables that do not contain resistors.

2. Touch <1/L 2/R LEVEL>.

Output Settings

Switching the Output Level of the Analog

Output Jacks (MIX L/OUT 1, MIX R/OUT 2)
You can switch the output level (+4 dBu/-60 dBu) of the left side
panel’s analog output jacks (OUT 1 MIX L/OUT 2 MIX R).

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<OUTPUT SETUP>.

3. Touch the value that you want to specify.

32
 Output Settings

Overview
3. Select the audio (track) that you want to output.
Switching the Maximum Output Level of
the MIX OUT (STEREO) jack
You can switch the maximum output level (2 Vrms/-30 dBu) of the
left side panel’s MIX OUT (STEREO) jack.

Quick Guide
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<OUTPUT SETUP>.

2. Touch <MIX OUT LEVEL>.

Getting Ready
Switching the Internal Speakers ON/OFF
Here’s how to switch the top panel internal speakers on/off.

1.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Choose [MENU]Ú<OUTPUT SETUP>.

2. Touch <SPEAKER SW>.

3. Touch the value that you want to specify.

Recording/Playback
Mixer
3. Touch <ON> or <OFF>.

Selecting the Output Audio for OUT 1/2,

3/4, 5/6, and 7/8

Timecode
With respect to each of output jacks, you can specify the track
whose audio will be output.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<OUTPUT SETUP>.

2. Select the output (OUT 1/2–7/8 MODE) you want to

File Operation

change the setting.

The mode setting for each output is located on page 2/2. Touch * No sound will be produced from the speakers while headphones
to access 2/2. are connected or while in the recording home screen.
USB
Appendix

33
 Monitor Settings
Here’s how to specify the sound to be monitored via the headphone
jack on the front panel. PFL (Pre Fader Listen)
REFERENCE The audio being input from IN 1–IN 8 can be monitored individually
“R-88 Block Diagram” (p. 74) without passing through the mixer section.

MEMO 1. Touch one of the buttons below “PFL” to select the input
• If headphones are not connected, you can turn on the internal that you want to monitor.
speakers (p. 33) to monitor through the internal speakers.
• An alarm tone can be sounded from the monitor output when
recording begins or when an error occurs.
Make this setting in <MENU>Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<PEAK
ALARM >–<ALARM TONE LEVEL> (p. 66).

Monitor Screen
The monitor screen will appear when you press the [MONITOR]
knob (p. 6) on the front panel.

To return to monitoring the two-channel mix, touch one of the

buttons below “PHONES OUTPUT.”
* The PFL setting will be cancelled when you exit the monitor
screen.

REALTIME ANALYZER
The upper part of the screen is a REALTIME ANALYZER, which shows
the spectrum of the currently monitored source in real time.
In the lower part of the screen you can choose the source to be
monitored.
The buttons below “PFL” show the frequency distribution of the
Settings for Headphone Monitoring currently selected sound in real time.
This is a useful way to find a channel that contains noise, or to
You can monitor one of the following choices: L/R stereo two- investigate the frequency response of the room.
channel mix created by the mixer section, the L+R mix, only L, or
only R.

1. Touch one of the buttons below “PHONES OUTPUT” to

select the sound that you want to monitor.

MEMO
The frequency response will also be affected by the mic you use.

Button Explanation
L/R Output L and R of the two-channel mix in stereo
Combine L and R of the two-channel mix and output the
L+R
same sound from left and right
Output only the L channel of the two-channel mix from
L
left and right
Output only the R channel of the two-channel mix from
R
left and right

34
 Recording/Playback

Overview
Recording Settings Choosing the Project Naming Method
You can specify the type of file that will be recorded, the recording Here you can choose whether to name the project by date or by a
source, the sampling rate, and recording format. specified scene name and sequential number.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<PROJECT NAME>.

Quick Guide
Specifying the Input (Recording) 2. Touch the desired name format.

Channels
When recording, turn on the input channels that you want to record
and turn off the other input channels. For details on turning inputs
on/off, refer to “Input Settings” (p. 28).

Getting Ready
Selecting the Audio File Type
Select either stereo or mono.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<REC FILE>.

IN/OUT/Monitor
2. Touch the desired type.
Setting Explanation
Date Each file name will be the date and time.
The name of each file will be the selected text
U1:–U8: followed by a sequential number (by default, the
text will be “Scene1”–”Scene8”).

Recording/Playback
MEMO
• If you choose Date, and the date is (for example) November 24,
2012 at 16:57:00, the project name will be “121124_165700.”
• If you choose “Scene1” as the name, each project file name
will be followed by a four-digit number; e.g., “Scene1_0001,”
“Scene1_0002,” ...

Mixer
MIX REC Editing the scene name
Here you can choose whether to create a separate stereo two-track
3. Touch <EDIT> for the scene name that you want to edit.
mix project simultaneously while recording the multitrack project.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<MIX REC>.

Timecode
2. If you want to create a two-track mix, touch <ON>.

File Operation

4. Touch to move the cursor to the location at

which you want to insert a character.
USB

MEMO
The two-track mix project will be saved with the name “(name of
the multitrack project)_M.”
* MIX REC cannot be used when the sampling rate (p. 36) is 192 kHz.
Appendix

35
Recording/Playback
5. Touch the letter keys to enter characters.
Pre-Recording
The R-88 provides a pre-recording function that can retroactively
make the recording start up to five seconds prior to the moment
you press the record button.
Even for situations in which you’re not sure when the desired sound
will begin, such as when recording outdoors, this function ensures
that you can record without missing the first moments of the
sound.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<PRE REC>.

Each time you touch a letter key, the character will change in the
order of A, B, and C. Touch <Type> to switch between uppercase,
lowercase, and numerals.
Touch <Del> to delete the character at the cursor location.

To confirm the edited name, touch <OK>.

If you decide to cancel, touch <CANCEL>.

MEMO
• On the R-88, you can only rename file names that consist of
ASCII characters (single-byte alphanumeric characters).
• You can input up to ten characters.
2. Choose the number of seconds that will be captured prior
to the moment you press the record button.
• You cannot rename a file name that contains double-byte
characters such as Japanese.
• You won’t be able to delete all the characters. There will always
be one remaining character.

Characters that can be used

(space) ! # $ % & ' ( ) + , - . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ; = @
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{}

Sampling Rate
Choose the sampling rate that’s appropriate for the intended
purpose of the recorded data.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<SAMPLE RATE>.

<SAMPLE RATE> is located on page 2/3. Touch to access 2/3.

36
 Recording/Playback

Overview
2. Touch the desired sampling rate.
Basic Operation for Recording
Stop Play/Pause Record

Quick Guide
Getting Ready
Bit Depth
Here you can select the bit depth of the recorded data.
1. Press [ ] (REC) button.
1.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<BIT DEPTH>. The button will light, and recording will begin.
<BIT DEPTH> is located on page 2/3. Touch to access 2/3.

Recording/Playback
2. Press [ ] (STOP) button to stop recording.
2.

Mixer
Touch the desired bit depth.
MEMO
• To delete the recorded project, please refer to “Deleting a
Project or Folder” (p. 53)
• To pause, press [ ] button. To resume recording from the
paused state, press [ ] button once again.
• During recording, you can press [ ] (REC) button to assign a

Timecode
marker within the project. For details, refer to “Using the [ ]
(REC) button to assign a marker“ (p. 38).

File Operation
USB
Appendix

37
Recording/Playback

Marker Assigning a marker to a previously recorded project

Here’s how to assign a marker within the project. 1. In the playback home screen (p. 10), touch <MARK>.
If you’ve assigned markers, you can quickly move to a previously
marked location during playback.

Assigning a marker during recording

1. Start recording.

2. At the moment you want to assign a marker, touch

<MARK>.

2. Use the [ ] button, [ ] button, [ ] button, and

[ ] button to play, fast-forward, or fast-rewind to find
the location at which you want to assign a marker.

3. When you’ve found the location at which you want to

assign a marker, touch <SET>.

Using the [ ] (REC) button to assign a marker

If you’ve set REC BUTTON FUNCTION to “REC/MARK,” you
can also assign a marker by pressing the [ ] (REC) button.
A marker will also be assigned if you turn on the slate mic
during recording.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<REC BUTTON

FUNCTION>.
<REC BUTTON FUNCTION> is located on page 3/6. Touch
Marker indication
to access 3/6.
(number of markers passed/number
of markers in the project)

The number of markers will be shown. Markers are numbered

sequentially starting at the beginning of the project.
A maximum of 99 markers can be assigned. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to
assign markers at the desired locations.

Moving to a marker
Touch < > to move to the marker that precedes the current
location. Touch < > to move to the marker that follows the current
location.

2. Touch <REC/MARK>. Deleting a marker

Touch <CLR> to delete a marker you’ve assigned. Markers will be
deleted starting with the marker that precedes the current location.

38
 Recording/Playback

Overview
Basic Operation for Playback Playback Settings
You can specify the order in which projects will play, and how
Stop Play/Pause Record repeat playback will occur.

Quick Guide
PLAY MODE
You can specify how the projects will be played. In addition to
playing projects consecutively from the first project, you can play
just the selected project.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<PLAY MODE>.

Getting Ready
Fast-forward /Move to
<PLAY MODE> is located on page 2/3. Touch to access 2/3.
Rewind / Move to previous song
(beginning of song) next song

1. Access the home screen.

IN/OUT/Monitor
2. Use [ ]/[ ] buttons to select the project that you want
to play.
You can also choose a project from the finder menu. For detail,
please refer to “Opening a Project” (p. 52)

3. Press [ ] button to play the project.

Recording/Playback
During playback, you can hold down [ ] button to rewind, or
[ ] button to fast-forward. Normal playback will resume when
you release the button. 2. Touch the desired PLAY MODE.

* For some types of SD card, the data reading speed may not keep
up when rewinding or fast-forwarding during playback, causing
the rewind or fast-forward operation to stop. If this occurs, press
[ ] button to stop playback. Then play back once again.

4. Use [MASTER] knob (p. 6) to adjust the volume.

Mixer
5. Press [ ] to stop playback.

Timecode
Setting Explanation
SINGLE Play one project
SEQUENTIAL Sequentially play the projects in the current folder

MEMO
File Operation

Projects can be sorted by name, descending order of date, or

ascending order of date. For details, refer to “Creating a Folder/
Sorting Projects” (p. 55).
USB
Appendix

39
Recording/Playback

PLAY REPEAT AB REPEAT

Here’s how to make the project play repeatedly for the selected play The AB Repeat function lets you repeatedly play a specified portion
mode. of a project.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<PLAY REPEAT>. 1. Play the project.

<PLAY REPEAT> is located on page 2/3. Touch to access 2/3.
2. Specify the beginning of the repeat (point A).
Touch < > of the playback home screen (p. 10). That point will
be specified as the beginning (point A) of repeat playback.

2. Turn the repeat play setting on/off.

3. Specify the end of the repeat (point B).

Touch < > once again. That point will be specified as the end
(point B) of repeat playback, and playback of the A–B region will
begin repeating.

Cancelling the setting

• Once A and B have been specified, touching < > once
again will cancel the A and B settings.
• To stop playback, press the [ ] button. The repeat playback
settings (A and B) will be retained, but playback will stop.
Setting Explanation
OFF Don’t play repeatedly
ON Play repeatedly

Combination of PLAY MODE and PLAY REPEAT

The following table shows how the PLAY MODE and PLAY REPEAT
settings can be combined.

PLAY MODE PLAY REPEAT Explanation

OFF Play only one project and then stop
SINGLE
ON Play one project repeatedly
OFF Play sequentially and then stop
SEQUENTIAL
ON Play sequentially repeatedly

40
 Recording/Playback

Overview
2. Touch the pair whose level you want to adjust, and move
MS Mic Settings the slider left or right.

You can use MS mics that can directly output the mid and side
signals. An MS mic creates stereo sound by combining sound from
a main microphone (unidirectional) that records central sounds
(mid-signal: M) and a bidirectional microphone that records lateral

Quick Guide
sounds (side signal: S).

MS MIC DECODER
Here you can turn the MS mic decoder on/off. This can be turned
on/off for each channel pair of the recorder, mixer, and player.

Getting Ready
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<MS-MIC
DECODER>.
<MS-MIC DECODER> is located on page 3/3. Touch to access
3/3.
MS-MIC WIDE
Here you can adjust the stereo width of the MS mic.

IN/OUT/Monitor
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<MS-MIC WIDE>.
<MS-MIC LEVEL> is located on page 3/3. Touch to access 3/3.

Recording/Playback
2. Touch the pair that you want to turn on/off.

Mixer
2. Touch the pair whose level you want to adjust, and move
the slider left or right.

Timecode
* Of the “to REC” and “to MIX” settings, it is not possible to enable
“to REC” by itself.

MS-MIC LEVEL
File Operation

Here you can adjust the level of the MS mic.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<REC/PLAY SETUP>Ú<MS-MIC LEVEL>.

<MS-MIC LEVEL> is located on page 3/3. Touch to access 3/3.
MEMO
In the mixer pan setting screen (p. 44), you can also adjust the MS-
MIC WIDE setting of channels whose MS mic decoder is turned
USB

on.
Appendix

41
Recording/Playback

Using a Footswitch to Remotely Control Recording or Playback

If a footswitch (BOSS FS-6 or FS-5U; sold separately) is connected, you can use your foot to control operations such as playback, recording, and
rewind.
Side Panel (Left)
CONTROL 1,2 jack

One of
these can be
connected.

Stereo 1/4-inch phone type  Stereo 1/4-inch phone type

Tip of the stereo 1/4-inch phone type

TIP RING

1/4-inch phone type 

1/4-inch phone type
Stereo 1/4-inch phone type  1/4-inch phone type x 2

When you connect one FS-5U When you connect two FS-5Us When you connect an FS-6

OR (Red) (White) OR

CTL1 CTL2 CTL1 CTL2 CTL1

MODE and POLARITY switches

POLARITY switch

MEMO
Never connect or disconnect a footswitch while this unit’s power is on.

2. Touch the function that you want to choose.

Assigning a Function to the Footswitch
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<CTL1 FUNCTION>,
or <CTL2 FUNCTION>.
<CTL1 FUNCTION> and <CTL2 FUNCTION> are located on page
3/6. Touch to access 3/6.

CTL 1/CTL 2 Explanation

STOP Stop recording/playback.
REC Start recording.
PLAY Start playback.
FF Fast-forward.
REW Rewind.
Alternately record or stop each time the footswitch
REC/STOP
is operated.
Alternately playback or stop each time the
PLAY/STOP
footswitch is operated.
PLAY(MOMENT) Play only while the footswitch is held down.
SET MARKER Assign a marker.
PREV MARKER Move to the previous marker.
NEXT MARKER Move to the next marker.

42
 Mixer

Overview
The MIXER screen allows you to create a two-channel stereo mix,
during recording from the audio coming into each input, or during
playback from the audio recorded on each track.
Adjusting the MIX LEVEL
Here’s how to adjust the level of each channel.

MIXER Screen 1. In the MIXER (EDIT) screen, touch a slider and drag it up or
down to adjust the level.

Quick Guide
Press the [MASTER] knob (p. 6) on the front panel to access the VIEW
screen where you can see the CH. 1–CH. 8 settings.

Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
MEMO
In the upper part of the screen, touch the <EDIT> tab to access the To make fine adjustments to the value, use the [ ] (−) button
MIXER (EDIT) screen. and [ ] (+) button (p. 6).

Using the [LEVEL] knobs (1/L–8/R) to make

Recording/Playback
adjustments (LEVEL KNOB MODE)
You can also use the [LEVEL] knobs (1/L–8/R) on the front panel to
adjust the mix level.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>.

2. Touch <LEVEL KNOB MODE>.

<LEVEL KNOB MODE> is located on page 3/6. Touch to access

Mixer
3/6.

MEMO
To see the CH. 5–CH. 8 settings, touch the CH. 5–CH. 8 area on
the level meter to switch the display.

Timecode
File Operation

3. Touch <MIXER>.
USB
Appendix

* If the LEVEL KNOB mode is set to MIXER, the INPUT LEVEL is fixed
at 0 dB.
* If the LEVEL KNOB MODE is set to MIXER, you can’t use the on-
screen sliders to adjust the level.
43
Mixer
3. Touch the slider and drag it left or right to adjust the pan.
PAN
Here’s how to adjust the pan of each channel.

1. Touch to switch to the pan adjustment screen.

Pan settings will have the following effect on the volume that is
output to master.

2. Touch the knob that you want to adjust.

Pan Setting Left Right
C00 -3 dB -3 dB
L50 ±0 dB -∞
R50 -∞ ±0 dB

MEMO
To make fine adjustments to the value, use the [ ] (−) button
and [ ] (+) button (p. 6).

MUTE ON/OFF
Here’s how to turn mute on/off for each channel.

A slider will appear in the bottom of the screen. 1. Touch .

On channels whose MS mic decoder is turned on, this adjusts the 2. Touch <MUTE> for the channel whose setting you want to
stereo width (MS WIDE) (p. 41). turn on/off.

44
 Mixer

Overview
2. Touch <EQ> for the channel whose setting you want to
LINK ON/OFF turn on/off.

Here’s how to turn stereo link on/off.

If link is on, fader values, mute on/off, and EQ settings will be linked.

1. Touch .

Quick Guide
Getting Ready
Editing the EQ
1. Touch <PRM> for the channel whose EQ settings you want

IN/OUT/Monitor
2. Touch <MIXER LINK> for the channel whose setting you to edit.
want to turn on/off.

Recording/Playback
2.

Mixer
Touch the slider for a parameter, and drag it left or right to
edit the value.
EQ ON/OFF
Here’s how to turn EQ on/off.

1. Touch .

Timecode
File Operation

MEMO
You can also use the [ ] (−) button and [ ] (+) button on the
front panel to edit the value (p. 6).
USB
Appendix

45
Mixer

MASTER LIMITER Adjusting the Output Level

Here’s how to make settings for the master limiter. Here’s how to adjust the output level so it’s appropriate for the
external device that’s connected.
1. Touch the MST area on the level meter.
The MASTER limiter setting screen will appear. 1. Activate the slate tone (p. 50).
* The slate tone will not be output when the home screen is in
playback mode.

Slide the switch to the

TONE position and hold
it there for two seconds.

2. Adjust the [MASTER LEVEL] knob so that the MASTER

LEVEL meter (MST) indicates the appropriate level.

2. Touch <LIMITER (MASTER)> to turn the limiter on/off.

MASTER LEVEL
METER

3. On the connected device, adjust the input level

appropriately.

3. Touch the slider for the desired parameter, and drag it left
or right to edit the value. Recording a Two-channel Mix
A stereo two-track mix project can be recorded separately from
and simultaneously with the multitrack recording. For details on
settings, refer to “MIX REC” (p. 35).

MEMO
You can also use the [ ] (−) button and [ ] (+) button on the
front panel to edit the value (p. 6).

46
 TIMECODE

Overview
TIMECODE MODE MODE Explanation
External timecode sent from a connected device will be
recorded. The R-88’s audio clock will synchronize to the
Here’s how to specify the timecode mode. external timecode. Recording will begin automatically
when valid timecode is received, and recording will stop
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<TIMECODE/TIME>Ú<TIMECODE when timecode reception stops.
SETUP>Ú<TIMECODE MODE>.

Quick Guide
* Recording will start immediately when valid timecode
EXT SYNC REC is received.
* The R-88 will also respond to the [ ] (REC) button and
the [ ] (STOP) button.
* If external timecode stops being input, automatically
jammed internal timecode will be recorded.
* The R-88’s audio clock will vary. Use EXT REC if you
want to fix the R-88’s audio clock.

Getting Ready
The external timecode sent from a connected device
will be recorded. Recording will begin automatically
when valid timecode is received, and recording will stop
when timecode reception stops.
* Recording will start immediately when valid timecode
EXT REC is received.
* The R-88 will also respond to the [ ] (REC) button and
the [ ] (STOP) button.

IN/OUT/Monitor
2. Touch the mode that you want to use. * If external timecode stops being input, automatically
jammed internal timecode will be recorded.

In the home screen, the currently specified timecode mode is

shown at the right of the timecode indication.
This will indicate [EXT] if EXT SYNC, EXT (AUTO JAM), EXT SYNC
AUTO REC, or EXT AUTO REC is specified.

Recording/Playback
TIMECODE MODE

Mixer
MODE Explanation
OFF Timecode will not be recorded.
The R-88’s internal timecode will be recorded. Timecode
will always be running.
INT
The time can be specified in the internal timecode
setting menu, either manually or by jamming.
MEMO
The internal clock will be recorded instead of timecode.

Timecode
If the timecode mode is EXT SYNC, EXT (AUTO JAM), EXT SYNC
RTC * The internal clock time will be output as timecode AUTO REC, or EXT AUTO REC, and timecode cannot be received
from TIMECODE OUT jack. correctly, the [EXT] indication at the right of the timecode
The R-88’s internal timecode will be recorded. Timecode indication in the recorder screen will blink (e.g., when timecode
will run only while recording. is not being sent from the external device, or if it is being sent
REC-RUN * When the power is turned on, or when the REC-RUN but does not match the R-88’s frame rate).
START TC setting has been made, timecode will start
File Operation

running from REC-RUN START TC.

The external timecode sent from a connected device
will be recorded.
The R-88’s audio clock will synchronize to the external
timecode.
EXT SYNC
* The R-88’s audio clock will vary. Use EXT (AUTO JAM) if
you want to fix the R-88’s audio clock.
* If external timecode stops being input, automatically
jammed internal timecode will be recorded.
USB

The external timecode sent from a connected device

EXT will be recorded.
(AUTO JAM) * If external timecode stops being input, automatically
jammed internal timecode will be recorded.
Appendix

47
TIMECODE

FRAME RATE TIMECODE OUTPUT

Here’s how to specify the frame rate. Here’s how to specify the timecode mode to be output from the
TIMECODE OUT jack
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<TIMECODE/TIME>Ú<TIMECODE
SETUP>Ú<FRAME RATE>. 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<TIMECODE/TIME>Ú<TIMECODE
SETUP>Ú<TIMECODE OUTPUT>.

2. Touch the desired frame rate.

2. Touch the desired mode.

FRAME RATE Explanation

This is the most commonly used rate for high Mode Explanation
23.976
definition video recording. GENERATE The internal timecode will be output at all times.
24 This is the standard rate used in film. REPRO The timecode recorded during recording will be output.
25 This is the rate for PAL video. The timecode received from the device connected to
29.97 This is the rate for NTSC color. THRU the TIMECODE IN jack will be output without modifica-
tion from the TIMECODE OUT jack.
29.97D This adjusts NTSC to match real time.
30 This is the standard rate for black and white television.
30D This is a rate for special situations.

48
 TIMECODE

Overview
Internal Timecode Manually Jamming to External
Here’s how to set the time of the internal timecode. Timecode
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<TIMECODE/TIME>Ú<SET INT TC>. Here’s how you can read the timecode being output from a device

Quick Guide
connected to the TIMECODE IN jack, and apply it to the <CURRENT>
2. Touch the number that you want to edit, and use (current time) of the internal timecode.
to edit the value.
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<TIMECODE/TIME>Ú<SET INT TC>.

2. Touch <JAM SET> to apply the timecode sent from the

external device.

Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
3. Touch <SET> to apply the edited values to the timecode.

The timecode sent from the external device will be shown in

<CURRENT> (current time).

Recording/Playback
Mixer
The specified time will be shown in <CURRENT> (current time).

Specifying the REC-RUN Start Time

Timecode
When REC RUN mode is selected (p. 47), here’s how to specify the
start time (REC RUN TC).

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<TIMECODE/TIME>Ú<SET REC RUN TC>.

File Operation

2. Touch the number that you want to edit, and use

to edit the value.
USB
Appendix

If TIMECODE MODE is set to REC-RUN, this time will advance only

during recording.

3. Touch <SET> to apply the edited values to the timecode.

49
 SLATE
You can use the [SLATE] switch (p. 6) on the front panel to activate
the slate mic (p. 6) or produce a slate tone. SLATE MIC
When you slide the [SLATE] switch to the “MIC” position and hold
SLATE TONE it there for two seconds, the MIC indicator will light and the slate
mic will turn on. You can use the slate mic to record credits or
comments for the scene on each track of the recorder.
If you slide the [SLATE] switch to the “TONE” position and hold it
there for two seconds, a slate tone will be produced. The slate mic will turn off when you release the switch.
The slate tone can be recorded on all tracks of the recorder.
The slate tone will continue sounding even after you release the
[SLATE] switch. It will turn off when you slide the switch once again. Using the Slate Mic to Record on Desired
Tracks of the Recorder
Specifying the Output Destination for 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<SLATE MIC ON/
the Slate Tone OFF>.
<SLATE MIC ON/OFF> is located on page 5/6. Touch to access
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<SLATE TONE 5/6.
ROUTING>.
<SLATE TONE> is located on page 5/6. Touch to access 5/6.

2. Touch the icon for each channel to turn it on/off.

2. Select the output destination for the slate tone.

MEMO
• If the slate mic’s track setting is ON, it will be output to all
destinations (recorder, OUTPUT jacks, and USB).
Output
destination
Explanation • For details about slate mic and slate tone routing, refer to ”R-88
Block Diagram” (p. 74).
MIX Output only to the internal mixer’s output.
Output to the internal mixer’s output and to all tracks
MIX+REC of the recorder. The slate tone will not be output to
OUTPUT or to USB.
Output to the internal mixer’s output, to OUTPUT, and
MIX+OUT
to USB. The slate tone will not be recorded.
Output to the internal mixer’s output, to all tracks of the
ALL
recorder, to OUTPUT, and to USB.

50
 Project and Folder Operations

Overview
The R-88 stores recorded projects on the SD card.
Folder operations
The “Finder” screen provides various functions for listing, deleting,
or copying these projects. You can also create folders and move 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.
projects between folders to manage your data.

REFERENCE
2. Touch the folder that you want to manage.
“Creating a Folder/Sorting Projects” (p. 55)

Quick Guide
Basic Operation in the Finder
Project operations

Getting Ready
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.
2. Touch the name of the project that you want to manage.
Use to scroll.

IN/OUT/Monitor
MEMO
To move into a folder, touch [ ] at the right of the folder
name. To exit the folder, touch [ ].

3. Touch an icon to select the desired function.

Recording/Playback
3. Touch an icon to select the desired function.

Mixer
List of finder operations
Project operations

Timecode
Icon Function Procedure
Selects the project and moves to the
SELECT p. 52
home screen.
COPY Copies the project. p. 52
MOVE Moves the project. p. 53
File Operation

DELETE Deletes the project. p. 53

RENAME Renames the project. p. 54
Shows information about the project.
INFO p. 54
Alternatively, protects the project name.
Repairs the project.
REPAIR * This menu item is shown only if the p. 55
R-88 has detected a damaged project.

Folder operations
USB

Icon Function Procedure

Selects the first project of the selected
SELECT p. 52
folder and moves to the home screen.
COPY Copies the folder. –
MOVE Moves the folder. –
Appendix

DELETE Deletes the folder. p. 53

RENAME Renames the folder. p. 54
INFO Shows information about the folder. p. 54

51
Project and Folder Operations

Opening a Project Copying a Project

Here’s how to select and play a project from the list of recorded
projects. 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.
When you select a folder, the current location will change to the
selected folder, and the first project in the folder will open and
2. Touch the name of the project that you want to copy.
return to the home screen.
3. Touch <COPY>.
You can also record into the selected folder.
4. Touch the copy-destination folder.
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.

2. Touch the name of the project or folder that you want to

manage.

The project will be copied.

3. Touch <SELECT>.

The project will be selected, and you will return to the home screen.

52
 Project and Folder Operations

Overview
Moving a Project Deleting a Project or Folder
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>. 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.

2. Touch the name of the project that you want to move. 2. Touch the name of the project or folder that you want to

Quick Guide
delete.
3. Touch <MOVE>.
3. Touch <DELETE>.
4. Touch the move-destination folder.
4. To delete, touch <YES>. If you decide to cancel without
deleting, touch <NO>.

Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
The project will be moved.

When deleting a folder, the following message will appear if the

folder is not empty; deletion of the folder will not be possible.

Recording/Playback
Try the procedure again after the folder has been emptied.

Mixer
Timecode
Disabling finder’s delete function
If desired, you can make it impossible to choose <DELETE> in the
FINDER MENU.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<SYSTEM SETUP>Ú<DELETE BUTTON>.

<DELETE BUTTON> is located on page 6/6. Touch to access
File Operation

6/6.

2. Touch <DISABLE>.
USB
Appendix

53
Project and Folder Operations

Renaming a Project or Folder Viewing Information About the

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>. Project
2. Touch the name of the project or folder that you want to 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.
rename. 2. Touch the name of the project whose information you
want to view.
3. Touch <RENAME>.
3. Touch <INFO>.
4. Touch the arrow keys to move the cursor to the location at
which you want to insert a character.

Protecting a Project (Protect)

5. Touch the letter keys to enter characters.
You can protect a project so that it cannot be erased or renamed
accidentally.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.
2. Touch the name of the project that you want to protect.
3. Touch <INFO>.
4. Touch <NO>.

Each time you touch a letter key, the character will change in the
order of A, B, and C. Touch <Type> to switch between uppercase,
lowercase, and numerals.
Touch <Del> to delete the character at the cursor location.

To confirm the edited name, touch <OK>.

If you decide to cancel, touch <CANCEL>.

MEMO
• On the R-88, you can only rename file names that consist of
ASCII characters (single-byte alphanumeric characters).
• You cannot rename a file name that contains double-byte
characters such as Japanese.
• If an identical name already exists, the screen will indicate
“Already Exists.” Please specify a different name.
• You won’t be able to delete all the characters. There will always
be one remaining character.

Characters that can be used

(space) ! # $ % & ‘ ( ) + , - . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ; = @ MEMO
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_` If you turn Protect on, a lock icon is displayed.
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{}

* To disable protection, touch <YES> in step 4.

54
 Project and Folder Operations

Overview
Repairing a Project Creating a Folder/Sorting Projects
If you inadvertently disconnect the adaptor or remove the SD card You can create folders on the SD card to manage your projects. You
during recording, the project will be damaged and unplayable. can also sort the projects in the root directory or in a folder.
In some cases you may be able to use the Repair function to make

Quick Guide
the project playable.
* Depending on how badly the project is damaged, there may be Creating a Folder at the Root Directory
cases in which the project cannot be repaired.
Here’s how to create a folder at the root directory of the SD card.
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.
2. Touch the name of the project.
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.

The <REPAIR> icon is shown only if the project has been damaged.
2. Touch <SD ROOT>.

Getting Ready
3. Touch <REPAIR>.

IN/OUT/Monitor
3.

Recording/Playback
Touch <NEW>.

4. Touch <YES>.

Mixer
“New Folder” will be created.

Timecode
The project will be repaired.

File Operation
USB
Appendix

55
Project and Folder Operations

Creating a Folder Within a Folder Sorting Projects

Here’s how to create a new folder within an existing folder. Here’s how to sort the files alphabetically or in order of their date.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>. 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<FINDER>.

2. Move into the folder in which you want to create the new 2. Move into the folder whose projects you want to sort. If
folder. you want to sort the root directory, touch <SD ROOT>.
Touch at the right of the move-destination folder name. Touch at the right of the move-destination folder name.

3. Touch the folder name shown at the top. 3. Touch the folder name shown at the top.

4. Touch <NEW>. 4. Touch <SORT>.

“New Folder” will be created.

56
 Project and Folder Operations

Overview
5. Choose the desired sort mode.

Quick Guide
Getting Ready
Mode Explanation
NAME Sort by name.
DATE (FROM OLDEST) Sort from the oldest project.
DATE (FROM NEWEST) Sort from the newest project.

IN/OUT/Monitor
MEMO
If you sort by name, the files will be sorted according to the
following rules.
(space) ! # $ % & ‘ ( ) + , - . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ; = @

Recording/Playback
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{}
Double-byte characters
• ‌File names starting with “.” are not shown.
• ‌Files having a file name extension of anything other than “.WAV”
are not shown.

Mixer
Timecode
File Operation
USB
Appendix

57
 Backing Up and Loading the R-88’s Settings
You can back up the R-88’s settings to a USB flash drive or SD card.
Backed-up settings also can be restored to the R-88, or loaded into
a different R-88 unit.
Loading /Renaming / Deleting a
Backup into the R-88
Creating a Backup 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<MEMORY>Ú<LOAD SETUP>.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<MEMORY>Ú<SAVE SETUP>.

2. Specify the media containing the backup.

2. Specify the save-destination media.

3. Touch the backup file.

Icon Media

USB flash drive

SD Card

3. Touch the folder in which you want to save the settings.

4. Touch an icon to select the desired function.

4. Touch <SAVE SETUP> to create the backup.

List of Backup operations

Icon Function
LOAD SETUP Load the backup on R-88.
RENAME Renames the backup.
DELETE Deletes the backup.

58
 Copying a Project to USB Flash Drive / Loading from USB Flash Drive

Overview
In the [MENU]Ú<MEMORY>Ú<USB MEMORY> menu, you can 5. Specify the copy-destination media.
copy a project from the SD card to a USB flash drive, or load a
project from a USB flash drive into the SD card. You can also
perform various operations on projects on a USB flash drive as in
the finder screen (p. 51).

Quick Guide
Copying a Project
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<MEMORY>Ú<USB MEMORY>.

Getting Ready
6. Touch the copy-destination folder.

IN/OUT/Monitor
2. Specify the media containing the project that you want to
copy.

Recording/Playback
The project will be copied.

NOTE
Carefully insert the USB flash drive all the way in—until it is
firmly in place.

List of USB MEMORY operations

Mixer
Project operations/Folder operations

Icon Function

3. Touch the name of the project that you want to copy.

COPY
MOVE
Copies the project.
Moves the project.
DELETE Deletes the project.

Timecode
RENAME Renames the project.
Shows information about the project. Alternatively,
INFO
protects the project.

Viewing Information About the

File Operation

Media
1. Choose [MENU]Ú<MEMORY>.
4. Touch <COPY>.
2. Choose the media whose information you want to view.
USB

SD INFO View the SD card’s capacity and remaining space.

View the USB flash drive’s capacity and remaining
USB MEMORY INFO
space.
Appendix

59
 Connecting to Your Computer via USB
If you use an USB cable to connect the R-88 to your computer, you’ll
be able to do the following things. USB Connection Mode Setting
Storage When the R-88 is connected to your computer via a USB cable,
you can specify whether it will operate as a storage device or as an
audio interface. If you choose “SELECTABLE” (default setting), you’ll
Projects in the R-88’s SD card can be backed up to your computer,
be able to make this choice when you connect it.
and WAV files from your computer can be written to the R-88’s SD
card. 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<USB SETUP>Ú<USB CONNECTION>.
REFERENCE
“Exchanging Files With Your Computer (Storage)” (p. 61)

Audio Interface
The audio being input to the R-88 can also be recorded via USB into
software on your computer.
Sound being played back by software on your computer can also
be heard through headphones connected to the R-88’s PHONES
jack, or recorded on the R-88. In addition, sound being played back
by software on your computer can be mixed with the R-88’s input
and re-input to your computer.

REFERENCE
“Using the R-88 as an Audio Interface” (p. 63)
2. Touch the desired mode.

* In order to use the R-88’s AUDIO I/F mode, you must first install
the USB driver in your computer. For detail, please refer to
”Installing the USB Driver” (p. 64).

Mode Explanation
A selection screen will appear when you connect
SELECTABLE
the R-88 to your computer via USB.
The R-88 will be in storage mode when it is
STORAGE
connected via USB to your computer.
The R-88 will operate as an audio interface when it
AUDIO I/F
is connected via USB to your computer.

60
 Connecting to Your Computer via USB

Overview
When the R-88 is connected to the computer, the “USB STORAGE”
Exchanging Files With Your Computer screen will appear in the R-88’s display.
* If you’ve chosen “STORAGE” as the USB CONNECTION mode (p. 60),
(Storage) this screen will appear when you use a USB cable to connect the
R-88 to your computer.
WAV files can be copied from the R-88 to your computer, or from

Quick Guide
your computer to the R-88. To copy files, use your computer to drag
and drop them.

Connecting the R-88 to Your Computer

1. Start up your computer.

Getting Ready
2. Make sure that an SD card is inserted in the R-88’s SD card
slot.
REFERENCE
“Inserting an SD Card” (p. 26) Your computer will recognize the R-88’s SD card in the following
way.
3.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Switch on the R-88’s power (“Turning the Power On/Off”
(p. 25). OS Appearance on the Computer

4. Use a commercially available USB cable to connect the Windows

Appears in My Computer or Explorer under a name such as
removable disk.
R-88 to your computer. Mac OS Appears on the desktop with a name such as NO NAME.
R-88 Side Panel (L) USB COMPUTER port

NOTE

Recording/Playback
• When connecting the USB cable to your computer, grasp the
base of the connector, and avoid touching the metallic portion
of the plug.
• During playback or recording, the R-88 will not be recognized
by the computer even if it is connected. When playback or
recording is stopped, it will be recognized.
• The R-88’s various functions are unavailable in the “USB
STORAGE” screen when connected to a computer. Operations of

Mixer
the buttons or switches will be ignored.
• If your computer displays the message “Insert a disk with this
Computer type of file ...,” click <Cancel>.
• If the R-88 is connected in storage mode, the input and output
5. Select the mode (only if you’ve chosen “SELECTABLE”). audio will not be heard.
Touch <STORAGE>.

Timecode
If the USB CONNECTION (p. 60) is set to “SELECTABLE,” a selection
screen will appear when you connect the R-88 to your computer,
allowing you to select either storage mode or audio interface mode.

File Operation
USB
Appendix

61
Connecting to Your Computer via USB

Disconnecting from Your Computer Mac OS

Here’s how to disconnect the R-88 from your computer. You must 1. Drag “NO NAME” into the trash in the dock.
use the following procedure to end the connection before you
When you drag to the location of the trash at the right edge of the
disconnect the USB cable.
dock, the trash can will change to , allowing you to stop the
NOTE connection.
Do not switch off the R-88’s power, disconnect the USB cable,
or remove the SD card while the R-88 is connected to your
2. Stop the connection.
computer. When the “NO NAME” or “Unnamed” icon disappears from the
desktop, you can disconnect the USB cable that’s between the R-88
and your computer. Alternatively, you can switch off the R-88’s
Windows 7 power.
When you disconnect the USB cable, the R-88 will change from the
“USB STORAGE” screen back to the home screen (playback).
1. In the Windows task tray, click icon, and then icon.

2. Click on the message “Eject R-88” appears above the task * While under most conditions, a computer similar to the above
tray. will permit normal operation of the R-88, Roland cannot
guarantee compatibility solely on these factors. This is due
When you see the message “Safe to Remove the Hardware,” you
to numerous variables that may influence the processing
can disconnect the USB cable that’s between the R-88 and your
environment, such as differences in motherboard design and
computer.
the particular combination of other devices involved.

Windows Vista/Windows XP
1. Double-click the Safely Remove Hardware icon
located in the Windows task tray.
The “Safely Remove Hardware” dialog box will appear.

2. In the list of hardware devices shown, choose the item

corresponding to the R-88.

OS Indication
Windows Vista USB mass storage device
Windows XP USB mass storage device

3. In the dialog box, click <Stop>.

4. Click <OK>.
When the stop hardware device dialog box appears, choose the
item corresponding to the R-88’s SD card, and click <OK>.

5. Disconnect the connection.

When you see the message “The device (or USB disk) can now be
safely removed from the computer,” you can disconnect the USB
cable that’s between the R-88 and your computer.
When you disconnect the USB cable, the R-88 will change from the
“USB STORAGE” screen back to the home screen (playback).

62
 Connecting to Your Computer via USB

Overview
Using the R-88 as an Audio Interface
The audio input from the R-88 can be recorded via USB into software on your computer. At the same time, recording and playback can be carried out
on the R-88.
* USB audio interface functionality is not available when the sampling rate is 192 kHz.

Quick Guide
* If DIGITAL IN is selected as the input, or if TIMECODE MODE is set to EXT SYNC or EXT SYNC AUTO REC, the audio input may be interrupted for
some devices. If the audio input is interrupted, either avoid using DIGITAL IN, or set TIMECODE MODE to something other than EXT SYNC or EXT
SYNC AUTO REC.
* The audio interface will operate at the sampling rate that is specified by the SAMPLE RATE setting in REC/PLAY SETUP. You cannot play back a
project of a sampling rate different than this setting.

Block Diagram for Audio Interface Connection

Getting Ready
IN/OUT/Monitor
to PC from PC

CH 1–8
MIC/TONE
CH 1–8

2MIX

FROM PC/
TO PC RECORDER
INPUT

Recording/Playback
TRACK 1–8
IN 1–8
2MIX
REC/ MIC/TONE
PFL 1–8 PLAY

Direct
OUTPUT
PLAYER Monitor SW

Mixer
OUT 1–8
TRACK 1–8
2MIX
MIC/TONE
2MIX MIXER
REC/
PLAY CH 1–8
2MIX

Timecode
MIC/TONE
MONITOR
SLATE
PFL 1–8
MIC/TONE 2MIX
File Operation
USB
Appendix

63
Connecting to Your Computer via USB

Installing the USB Driver Listening to the Computer’s Playback

In order to use the R-88’s AUDIO I/F mode, you must first install the
USB driver in your computer.
Through the R-88
Audio played back by your computer can be heard via USB through
1. Install the USB driver in your computer. the output system connected to the R-88. This audio can also be
The R-88’s dedicated driver can be downloaded from the Roland recorded by the R-88 itself.
website.
1. In the audio playback software on your computer, switch
the audio output destination to the R-88.
Roland website
For details on switching the audio output destination, refer to the
http://www.roland.com/ manual for the software you’re using.

Refer to the Roland website for details on the operating Recording the computer’s playback on the R-88 itself
requirements. The program and procedure for installing the driver
will differ depending on your system. Carefully read the Readme.
htm file included with the downloaded file. 1. Choose [MENU]Ú<USB SETUP>Ú<REC SOURCE>(p. 65).

2. Choose <FROM PC>.

Simultaneous Recording on the R-88

Itself
The audio being input to the R-88 can also be recorded on the
R-88 itself while simultaneously recording into software on your
computer.

1. Choose [MENU]Ú<USB SETUP>Ú<REC SOURCE>(p. 65).

2. Choose <TO PC>.

Setting Explanation
TO PC Signal from the R-88 being input to the computer
FROM PC Signal from the computer being input to the R-88

3. Press the [MENU] (HOME) button to return to the home

screen.
You can also return to the home screen by touching a number
of times.

Setting Explanation
TO PC Signal from the R-88 being input to the computer
FROM PC Signal from the computer being input to the R-88

3. Press the [MENU] (HOME) button to return to the home

screen.
You can also return to the home screen by touching a number
of times.

64
 Parameter List

Overview
MENU Screen (p. 12)
Category Menu item / Effect Value (default value: bold) page
REC FILE
MONO, STEREO p. 35
Selects the type of file to be recorded.
MIX REC

Quick Guide
Specifies whether a separate two-channel mix project will OFF, ON p. 35
also be recorded when recording a multitrack project.
PROJECT NAME Date, U1: Scene1, U2: Scene2, U3: Scene3,
p. 35
Specifies how the project name is to be assigned. U4: Scene4, U5: Scene5, U6: Scene6, U7: Scene7, U8: Scene8
PRE REC
OFF, 1sec, 2sec, 3sec, 4sec, 5sec p. 36
Specifies the pre-recording setting.
SAMPLE RATE

Getting Ready
44.1kHz, 48.0kHz, 88.2kHz, 96.0kHz, 192kHz p. 36
Specifies the sampling rate for recording.
BIT DEPTH
16bit, 24bit p. 37
Specifies the bit depth for recording.
REC/PLAY SETUP PLAY MODE
SINGLE, SEQUENTIAL p. 39
Specifies the order in which projects will play.
PLAY REPEAT
OFF, ON p. 40

IN/OUT/Monitor
Specifies whether Repeat will be enabled.
to REC CH 1-2: OFF, ON
MS-MIC DECODER to MIX CH 3-4: OFF, ON
p. 41
Turns the MS mic decoder on/off. CH 5-6: OFF, ON
PLAY
CH 7-8: OFF, ON
MS-MIC LEVEL
1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 0–100–120 p. 41
Adjusts the MS-MIC LEVEL.

Recording/Playback
MS-MIC WIDE
Adjust the stereo width of the MS mic.
1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8 0–50–100 p. 41
* This is the same setting as in the PAN screen when MS mic
decoder (p. 41) is on.
1/L 2/R LEVEL
Switches the output level of the analog output jacks (MIX L/ -60dBu, +4dBu p. 32
OUT 1, MIX R/OUT 2).
MIX OUT LEVEL
-30dBu, 2Vrms p. 33
Switches the output level of the MIX OUT (STEREO) jack.

Mixer
OUTPUT SETUP SPEAKER SW
OFF, ON p. 33
Turns the internal speakers on/off.
OUT 1/2 MODE OFF, MIX, TR1/2, TR3/4, TR5/6, TR7/8
OUT 3/4 MODE Specify which audio, from which OFF, MIX, TR1/2, TR3/4, TR5/6, TR7/8
recording track, will be output p. 33
OUT 5/6 MODE from the various output jacks. OFF, MIX, TR1/2, TR3/4, TR5/6, TR7/8
OUT 7/8 MODE OFF, MIX, TR1/2, TR3/4, TR5/6, TR7/8

Timecode
DIRECT MONITOR
OFF, ON p. 63
Turns direct monitor on/off.
REC SOURCE
USB SETUP Specifies the recording source when connected to a FROM PC, TO PC p. 64
computer.
USB CONNECTION
SELECTABLE, STORAGE, AUDIO I/F p. 60
File Operation

Specifies the mode when USB-connected to a computer.

TIMECODE MODE OFF, INT, RTC, REC-RUN, EXT SYNC,

EXT (AUTO JAM), EXT SYNC AUTO REC, p. 47
Specifies the timecode mode. EXT AUTO REC
FRAME RATE
TIMECODE SETUP 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, 29.97D, 30, 30D p. 48
Specifies the frame rate.
TIMECODE OUTPUT
Specifies the timecode output GENERATE, REPRO, THRU p. 48
mode.
USB

CURRENT/EXT
TIMECODE/TIME
Displays the internal timecode/
external device’s timecode.
SET INT TC − p. 49
MANUAL
Manually specifies the current time
of the internal timecode.
Specifies the REC RUN starting
SET REC RUN TC − p. 49
Appendix

time.

DATE & TIME Specifies the date and time. − p. 26

65
Parameter List

Category Menu item / Effect Value (default value: bold) page

SD CARD INFO
− p. 59
Displays information about the SD card.
SAVE SETUP
− p. 58
Backs up the R-88’s settings to an SD card or USB flash drive.
LOAD SETUP
MEMORY Loads settings that were saved to an SD card or USB flash − p. 58
drive.
USB MEMORY
− p. 59
Copies a project between SD card and USB flash drive.
SD CARD FORMAT
− p. 27
Formats the SD card.
CONTRAST
1–5–10 −
Adjusts the contrast of the characters in the display.
BACKLIGHT
1–3–4 −
Adjusts the brightness of the display backlight.
DISPLAY TIMER
Specifies the time after which the display backlight will OFF, 2 sec, 5 sec, 10 sec, 20 sec −
be darkened if no operation has been performed. (Units:
seconds)
BUTTON LIGHT
AUTO, DIM, BRIGHT −
Specifies the brightness of the button lights.
PEAK INDICATOR
-24dB–0dB −
Specifies the level at which the PK indicators will light.
BATTERY
ALKALINE, Ni-MH p. 23
Specifies the type of battery that is installed.
EXT-POWER
9.0V, 9.5V, 10.0V, 10.5V, 11.0V, 11.5V, 12.0V p. 24
Selects the final voltage of an external power supply.
AUTO OFF
Specifies the time after which the power will turn off if no OFF, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, 240 min p. 25
operation has been performed. (Units: minutes)
LEVEL KNOB Disables operation of the LEVEL knobs.
SENS KNOB Disables operation of the SENS knobs.

HOLD Disables operation of the [ ] (REC), [ ]

BUTTON (PLAY/PAUSE), [ ] (STOP), [ ] (−), [ ] (+)
Specifies the controls that will be ENABLE, DISABLE p. 6
buttons, and [SLATE] switch.
disabled by the [HOLD] switch.
TOUCH PANEL Disables operation of the touch panel.
Disables knob rotation operations.
MASTER LEVEL
Knob press operations will not be disabled.
REC BUTTON FUNCTION
SYSTEM SETUP REC, REC/MARK p. 38
Specifies what will happen when you press the [REC] button.
REC STOP BUTTON
Specifies the response speed of the [STOP] button.
By setting this to “HOLD 2 Sec,” it lets you prevent the R-88 IMMEDIATE, HOLD 2 Sec −
from stopping in the event that your hand accidentally
brushes against the [STOP] button.
STOP MODE
Specifies the home screen accessed by pressing the [STOP] REC, REC/PLAY p. 10
button.
LEVEL KNOB MODE
Specifies the function of the [LEVEL] knobs: adjusting INPUT, MIXER p. 43
the input levels during recording, or acting as the mixer’s
channel faders.
CTL1 FUNCTION STOP, REC, PLAY, FF, REW, REC/STOP,
p. 42
Specifies the function of the footswitch (CTL1). PLAY/STOP, PLAY(MOMENT), SET MARKER, PREV MARKER, NEXT MARKER
CTL2 FUNCTION STOP, REC, PLAY, FF, REW, REC/STOP,
p. 42
Specifies the function of the footswitch (CTL2). PLAY/STOP, PLAY(MOMENT), SET MARKER, PREV MARKER, NEXT MARKER
PEAK ALARM
How the alarm will sound:
Turns on/off the alarm tone that is sounded when the input –
“. . . . “
level reaches the peak.
REMAIN ALARM
How the alarm will sound:
Turns on/off the alarm tone that is sounded when the SD –
“. . . . “
card’s free space runs low.
OFF, ON
BATTERY ALARM
How the alarm will sound:
Turns on/off the alarm tone that is sounded when the –
“. . . . “
battery runs low.
MEDIA SLOW ALARM
How the alarm will sound:
Turns on/off the alarm tone that is sounded when data could –
“— — — — “
not be written to the SD card fast enough.

66
 Parameter List

Overview
Category Menu item / Effect Value (default value: bold) page
REC START/STOP TONE
Turns on/off the alarm tone that is sounded when recording OFF, ON –
starts or ends.
ALARM TONE LEVEL
0–50–100 –
Adjusts the level of the alarm tone.

Quick Guide
SLATE TONE ROUTING
MIX, MIX+REC, MIX+OUT, ALL p. 50
Specifies the routing of the slate tone.
SLATE MIC ON/OFF
OFF, ON p. 50
Turns the slate mic on/off for each track.
SYSTEM SETUP FOLDER ON BOOT
Specifies whether the folder last selected before power-off LAST, RESET –
(LAST) or the root folder will be selected (RESET) the next

Getting Ready
time the R-88 is started up.
DELETE BUTTON
ENABLE, DISABLE p. 53
Enables/disables deletion of files from the FINDER menu.
PANEL CALIBRATION
− –
Calibrates the response position of the touch panel.
FACTORY RESET
− –
Resets the R-88 to the factory-set condition.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Home Screen (p. 10)
Category Menu item / Effect Value (default value: bold) page
DIGITAL IN: OFF, ON
INPUT SW

Recording/Playback
IN 1–IN 2: OFF, ON p. 28
Turns each input on/off.
IN 3–IN 8: OFF, ON
SOURCE
SENS/LEVEL LINK
Turns SENS/LEVEL link on/off for IN 1/IN 2–IN IN 1/IN 2–IN 7/IN 8: OFF, ON p. 29
7/IN 8.
LOW CUT
IN 1–IN 8: OFF, ON p. 29
Turns each input’s low cut filter on/off.
LOW CUT PARAM SETTING
INPUT
Specifies the cutoff frequency of each input’s IN 1–IN 8: 60Hz, 120Hz, 240Hz p. 29

Mixer
low cut filter.
LIMITER
IN 1–IN 8: OFF, ON p. 30
Turns each input’s limiter on/off.

LIMITER PARAM SETTING THRESHOLD -24dB – -6dB – 00dB

Specifies the threshold and p. 30
release time of each input’s
limiter. RELEASE 0.03s–0.3s–8s

Timecode
SENS -56dBu, -50dBu, -44dBu, -38dBu, -32dBu, -26dBu, -20dBu,
SENS p. 31
Adjusts the input sensitivity. -14dBu, -8dBu, -2dBu, +4dBu

File Operation
USB
Appendix

67
Parameter List

MIXER Screen (p. 43)

Category Menu item / Effect Value (default value: bold) page
LINK 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8
OFF, ON p. 45
Turns stereo link on/off.
MUTE
OFF, ON p. 44
Turns mute on/off for each channel.
EQ
OFF, ON p. 45
Turns the EQ on/off for each channel.
HI -12 dB–0 dB–+12 dB
1-8
EQ PARAM MID -12 dB–0 dB–+12 dB
p. 45
Edits the EQ parameters for each channel. MID-F 200 Hz–1 kHz–6.3 kHz
LOW -12 dB–0 dB–+12 dB
FADER
-∞–0–+8dB p. 43
Sets the level of each channel.
PAN
L50–C00–R50 p. 44
Sets the pan of each channel.
LIMITER (MASTER)
OFF, ON
Turns the master limiter on/off.
THRESHOLD
MASTER -24dB – -6dB – 00dB p. 46
Specifies the threshold of the master limiter.
RELEASE
0.03s–0.3s–8s
Specifies the release time of the master limiter.

Monitor Screen (p. 34)

Menu item / Effect Value (default value: bold) page
PFL
CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5, CH6, CH7, CH8 p. 34
Individually monitors each audio input.
PHONES OUTPUT
L/R, L+R, L, R p. 34
Selects the sound to be monitored through headphones.

68
 Error Messages

Overview
Message Problem
Already Exist An identically named file or folder exists. Please use a different name to create the file or folder.
Battery Low The batteries or the external power supply have run low. Please replace the batteries or use an AC adaptor.
Cannot Change Name The file cannot be renamed because the file name contains double-byte characters.
Clock is Initialized Power for the internal clock was lost, so the internal clock has been initialized. Please specify the date and time.

Quick Guide
The power cannot be turned off while a USB cable is connected to your computer. Disconnect the USB cable and then turn off the
Disconnect USB Cable
power.
File is Protected The file is protected. Turn Write Protect OFF before you execute the operation.
File Size Over 2 GB The file contains too much data.
File System Error There is a problem with the SD card. Format the SD card on the R-88.
Folder is not empty The folder already contains file(s). Try the procedure again after the files in the folder have been erased.

Getting Ready
HOLD is ON The operation is not possible because the [HOLD] switch is on. Turn the [HOLD] switch off if you want to perform an operation.
Improper Project This project is of a format that the R-88 cannot use.
Name is Too Long The name is too long. Shorten the name of the file.
No Card No SD card is inserted. Insert an SD card into the R-88 (p. 26).
A USB flash drive cannot be detected. Since it can take some time for a USB flash drive to be detected, please wait a while and then
NO USB Memory Device!
try again. Alternatively, connect the USB flash drive correctly.

IN/OUT/Monitor
Now Playing Currently playing. Stop playback if you want to perform an operation.
Now Recording Currently recording. Stop recording if you want to perform an operation.
Root Folder Full The root folder is full. Erase files or move them to a different location.
Playback is not possible because the sampling rate of the project you attempted to play while in USB Audio connection mode
Sample rate doesn’t match differs from the USB Audio sampling rate.
Signals of a sampling rate different than the R-88’s recording setting cannot be input to DIGITAL IN jack.
When U1-U8 are selected as the PROJECT NAME, a new recording cannot be started because the automatically assigned consecu-

Recording/Playback
Scene number Over tive number has exceeded the maximum value.
The PROJECT NAME will be created in the range ****_0001 – ****_9999.
The SD card has insufficient free space. Free up space on the card after backing up files to your computer, by erasing files, or by
SD Card Full
formatting the card.
SD Card is Locked The SD card is locked. Remove the SD card and turn off the Lock setting.
Writing to the SD card could not be performed fast enough. Please use an SD card that is known to work with the R-88. In some
SD Card Slow cases, repeated writing and deleting of files may cause the files to become fragmented on the SD card, impairing the processing
capability. If so, please reformat the SD card.
SETUP File is not found The setup file was not found.

Mixer
The number of projects in a single folder is approaching 2,000. If more than 2000 projects are recorded in a single folder, projects
Too Many Projects beyond 2,000 will not be visible in the R-88’s finder.
Select a folder that contains fewer projects, or create a new folder.
Unformatted SD Card The SD card has not been formatted. Format the SD card on the R-88.
This USB flash drive is not supported.
Unsupported USB MEMORY
USB flash drives with high current draw will not work.

Timecode
USB Audio cannot be used when the sampling rate is 192 kHz.
USB Audio is not available
Set the sampling rate to 96 kHz or lower.
The USB flash drive has insufficient free space. Free up space on the card by copying files to your personal computer and making
USB Memory Full
backups, or by erasing files.
Wrong Destination You can’t copy/move within the same folder. File Operation
USB
Appendix

69
 Troubleshooting
Problems with Recording
Problem Cause Page
You cannot record correctly if the input setting is not set correctly. p. 28
When recording from connected microphones, make sure that the microphones are properly connected to the XLR input
p. 8, p. 28
jacks. Also check the setting of the Phantom power switch.
Recording is not possible if the SD card is not inserted correctly. Turn off the power, and re-insert the SD card. p. 26
The SD card will not work properly unless it was formatted on the R-88. If the card was formatted using a computer, it
Cannot record
might have the wrong format. In this case, it might stop immediately after recording is started, or recording might not p. 27
occur correctly.
Recording will not be possible if the SD card has less than 1M bytes of free space. p. 66, p. 72
You can’t record from IN 5–8 when the sampling rate is 192 kHz. p. 28
When recording a two-track mix, the recording will be at a low volume if the [MASTER] knob is turned too low. p. 46
Recording begins at a different
If PRE-REC is on, the sound will be recorded starting at the point before you press the [ ] (REC) button. p. 36
point than when you started
The sound will be distorted if the input level or the input sens is too high.
p. 31
Recorded sound is distorted Refer to “Input Level and Input Sensitivity Settings” (p. 31), and adjust the level appropriately.
If the output of the internal mixer is distorted, adjust the channel faders of the mixer, or adjust the master fader. p. 43, p. 46
Could you be using a connection cable that contains a resistor?
p. 28, p. 32
The volume level of the Use a connection cable that does not contain a resistor.
connected instrument is too low Is the output level set correctly?
p. 32
Set the output level.
Project was divided unexpect-
The R-88 will automatically divide the project if the file currently being recorded exceeds a size of 2 GB. –
edly

Problems with Playback

Problem Cause Page
If the [MONITOR] knob is turned too far down, the volume may be too low for you to hear.
p. 6
Gradually increase the [MONITOR] knob.
If the [MASTER] knob is turned too far down, the volume may be too low for you to hear.
No sound p. 6, p. 46
Gradually increase the [MASTER] knob.
If the output assignments are not set appropriately, sound is not output. p. 33
Make sure that your headphones or speakers are connected correctly. p. 32
Make sure that <MENU>Ú<OUTPUT SETUP>Ú<SPEAKER SW> is ON. No sound is output from the internal speakers if p. 33
this setting is OFF.
No sound from the internal
speakers No sound is output from the internal speakers if headphones are connected. p. 32
To prevent acoustic feedback, no sound is output from the internal speakers except during playback. p. 32
If you inadvertently disconnect the adaptor or remove the SD card during recording, the project will be damaged and
p. 55
Can’t play back the recorded cannot be played. In some cases you may be able to use the project Repair function to recover it.
project If you record more than 2,000 projects in a single folder, projects exceeding 2,000 will not be visible in the R-88’s finder;
p. 61
however, they have been captured correctly as recorded data, and can be transferred to your computer via USB.
Make sure that the file name is assigned correctly. The R-88 cannot use files that have a name that begins with a “.” (period). p. 35, p. 54
Can’t play back The R-88 can only play files with a file name extension of .WAV. p. 14
A damaged file cannot be played. You might be able to recover the file by using the Repair function. p. 55
The USB flash drive contains a The R-88 cannot directly play files from the external memory device. In order to play a file located on the external memory
p. 59
file, but the R-88 will not play it device, copy the file onto the R-88 SD card, and then play it.
As you repeatedly write and delete project files, the files on the SD memory card become fragmented, and this slows
down the processing speed. If you continue recording in this state, the message “SD Card Slow” is shown, and skips may
Skips occur in the sound occur in the recorded project. If making important recordings, you should consistently delete all projects together when p. 53
finished with them. Repeated deletion of data causes the SD memory card to become fragmented, possibly causing
recording to fail.

70
 Troubleshooting

Overview
Problems with the Computer
Problem Cause Page
R-88 not recognized when
The R-88 will not be recognized by your computer if you connect it when the “MENU” screen is displayed, or during
connected to your computer p. 60
playback or recording. Please disconnect the USB cable, and try again.
via USB

Quick Guide
When using Windows and if Explorer or any other software referencing the SD memory card is open when you attempt
to close the USB connection between the R-88 and your computer, the error message “An error occurred while removing
Cannot close the connection
USB mass storage device — Unable to close device ‘unspecified volume.’ Please execute Stop Device again later.” will p. 62
with the R-88
appear, and you will be unable to disconnect the R-88. Close all software or windows that are referencing the SD memory
card. Then execute “Safely Remove Hardware” once again.
USB flash drive connected in
the R-88 is not visible from the The USB flash drive connected in the R-88 cannot be viewed from the computer. –
computer

Getting Ready
Problems related to the audio
Please refer to the README for the driver, which can be found on the Roland web site. p. 64
interface

Problems with R-88 Operation

Problem Cause Page

IN/OUT/Monitor
Make sure that the AC adaptor or an external power supply is correctly connected. If you’re using batteries, make sure that
the battery case is correctly installed, and that the batteries are oriented correctly, without any batteries out of place. It p. 23
may be that the batteries have run low; install fresh batteries.

Power won’t turn on Check whether the [HOLD] switch is off. If it is on, the panel [POWER] switch will be inoperable. p. 6
The power will not turn on if the external power supply voltage is too high. The R-88 is compatible with 9–16 V. p. 24
If the R-88’s power can’t be switched on even though there’s no problem with the AC adaptor or batteries, it may have
–
malfunctioned. Please contact nearest Roland Service Center as listed on the “Information” sheet.

Recording/Playback
Display becomes dim The display will be dimmed if no operation is performed during the specified Display Timer interval. p. 66
When you reset the R-88 to its factory settings, all settings made using the “MENU” screen or the like will return to their
p. 12, p. 65
Your settings return to their original values. Please make the desired settings again.
original value If the R-88’s power is turned off without using its power switch (e.g., by a battery failure or disconnected AC adaptor), the
p. 12, p. 65
settings you made will return to their original values. Please make the desired settings again.
Project names and folder names
The characters that are not “Available characters” are not displayed properly. In addition, there are cases when RENAME
in the Home screen or Finder p. 35, p. 54
will not be performed correctly.
are garbled
Depending on the AUTO OFF setting, power will turn off automatically if no operation is performed for a specified length

Mixer
p. 25, p. 66
of time.

Power turns off unexpectedly Check to make sure that the setting for the end voltage (external) is appropriate.
p. 23, p. 66
Check to make sure that the setting for the type of batteries (alkaline, rechargeable Ni-MH batteries) to be used is correct.
If you’re using batteries or external source, power will turn off when the batteries run low. Please install fresh batteries. p. 23
If the AC adaptor or external power source is connected, or if batteries are installed, the internal clock will obtain its power
from those sources. If several days pass with the batteries removed and the AC adaptor disconnected, the internal clock
Internal clock is reset p. 26

Timecode
will return to its default setting. When you turn on the power in this state, the message “Clock is Initialized” will appear. If
this message appears, please reset the date and time.
Touch panel does not perform
Carry out adjustment of the panel. p. 67
as expected
The message “batteries low”
appears while AC adaptor is Check to make sure that the External power supply select switch (p. 7) is set to “ADAPTOR.” p. 24
being used
File Operation

Footswitch does not work as Refer to “Using a Footswitch to Remotely Control Recording or Playback,” and verify that the connection is correct. Also
p. 42
expected verify that the mode and polarity switches are set correctly. The FS-5L cannot be used.
USB
Appendix

71
 Specifications
Roland R-88: 8-CHANNEL RECORDER and MIXER
Recorder Part
44.1, 48, 88.2 and 96 kHz 8 channels + 2 channels (stereo mix from built-in mixer)
Channels Sampling Frequency
192 kHz 4 channels
Format BWF (mono, stereo)
Data Type Sampling Frequency 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96, 192 kHz
Bit Depth 16 bits, 24 bits
SDHC Memory Card 4–32 GB
Recording Media
SD Memory Card 2 GB

Recording Time (UNIT: hours, using 32 GB SDHC memory card)

Recording channels
Sampling Frequency/Bit Depth
1 ch 2 ch 4 ch 8 ch 10 ch
44.1 kHz/16 bits 100 50 25 12 10
44.1 kHz/24 bits 67 33 16 8.4 6.7
48 kHz/16 bits 92 46 23 11 9.2
48 kHz/24 bits 61 30 15 7.7 6.1
88.2 kHz/16 bits 50 25 12 6.3 5.0
88.2 kHz/24 bits 33 16 8.4 4.2 3.3
96 kHz/16 bits 46 23 11 5.7 4.6
96 kHz/24 bits 30 15 7.7 3.8 3.0
192 kHz/16 bits 23 11 5.7 – –
192 kHz/24 bits 15 7.7 3.8 – –

* These recording times are approximate. Actual results may vary somewhat.
* If more than one recorded file exists, the total recordable time will be less.

Pre-Recording OFF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 second(s)

Mixer Part
Input 8 channels
Mixing Channels
Output 2 channels (stereo)
Channel Strip 3-band equalizer, Fader, Pan, MS microphone decoder
Master Fader, Limiter

Audio Input Part

Signal Processing AD Conversion: 24 bits
AD Dynamic Range 120 dB or greater ([SENS] knob = +4 dBu)
Channel Effects Limiter, Low Cut, MS microphone decoder
XLR type (Phantom powered)
* When sampling frequency is 192 kHz, IN 5–8 jacks are inactive.
Chooses with [SENS] knob -56, -50, -44, -38, -32, -26, -20, -14, -8, -2, +4 dBu
Nominal Input Level INPUT Changes with the [LEVEL] knob positions in the range of -infinity– +8 dB.
IN 1–8 jacks LEVEL KNOB MODE
(Analog Inputs) MIXER The INPUT LEVEL is fixed at 0 dB.
Maximum Input
+26 dBu
Level
Mic Input ([SENS] knob = -56– -20 dBu) 3.4 k ohms
Input Impedance
Line Input ([SENS] knob = -14–+4 dBu) 5.6 k ohms
XLR type (AES/EBU, conforms to IEC 60958-4)
DIGITAL IN jack
* When using Digital Input, IN 1–2 jacks are inactive.
Phantom Power 48 +/- 4 V 10 mA per 1 channel (8 channels of phantom power available simultaneously)
Slate Microphone Built-in

72
 Specifications

Overview
Audio Output Part
Signal Processing DA Conversion: 24 bits
XLR type
Output Buses Channel 1–2, Channel 3–4, Channel 5–6, Channel 7–8, Stereo mix from built-in mixer
OUT 1–2 jacks
Output Level +4 dBu, -60 dBu
(Analog Outputs)
Maximum Output Level +24 dBu

Quick Guide
Output Impedance 600 ohms
XLR type
* When sampling frequency is 192 kHz, OUT 5–8 jacks are inactive.
OUT 3–8 jacks Output Buses Channel 1–2, Channel 3–4, Channel 5–6, Channel 7–8, Stereo mix from built-in mixer
(Analog Outputs) Output Level +4 dBu
Maximum Output Level +24 dBu

Getting Ready
Output Impedance 600 ohms
Stereo miniature phone type
MIX OUT jack Output Buses Stereo mix from built-in mixer
(Analog Outputs) Maximum Output Level 2 Vrms, -30 dBu
Output Impedance 1 k ohm
XLR type (AES/EBU, conforms to IEC 60958-4)
DIGITAL OUT jack
Output Buses Stereo mix from built-in mixer

IN/OUT/Monitor
Stereo 1/4-inch phone type
PHONES jack Output Level 80 mW (32 ohms)
Output Impedance 10 ohms
Built-in Speaker Stereo
Slate Tone 1 kHz, -20 dBFS
Monitor Pre Fader Listening (PFL), REALTIME ANALYZER, Alarm Tone

Recording/Playback
Characteristics
Residual Noise Level OUT 1–8 -80 dBu or less ([LEVEL (INPUT/MIXER)] knobs = -infinity)
(IHF-A) MIX OUT -90 dBu or less ([LEVEL (INPUT/MIXER)] knobs = -infinity)
Total Harmonic Distortion
0.02 % or less ([SENS] knob = +4 dBu, [LEVEL] knob = 0)
+ Noise
Frequency Response 20 Hz–40 kHz (0/-3 dB, Sampling frequency = 96 kHz–192 kHz)

Mixer
Other Terminals
USB Type A
USB (MEMORY) port USB Mass Storage Class (USB 2.0/1.1)
* USB HDD cannot be used.
USB Type mini B
USB Mass Storage Class (USB 2.0/1.1)

Timecode
USB (COMPUTER) port
USB-AUDIO (Hi-Speed USB, Input: 10 channels, Output: 8 channels)
* When sampling frequency is 192 kHz, the USB audio is inactive.
BNC coaxial type (Conforms SMPTE 12M-1999)
TIMECODE (OUT, IN) jacks Mode OFF, INT, RTC, REC-RUN, EXT SYNC, EXT (AUTO JAM), EXT SYNC AUTO REC, EXT AUTO REC
Frame Rate * 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, 29.97D, 30, 30D
1/4-inch TRS phone type
CONTROL 1, 2 jack
File Operation

REC, PLAY, STOP, etc.

Others
Display Graphic LCD 160 x 160 dots (touch screen)
Indicators IN 1–8 PK indicators, SLATE MIC indicator, REC indicator, PLAY indicator
AC adaptor (using 4-pin XLR type connector conversion cable), Alkaline battery (AA, LR6) or Rechargeable Ni-MH battery (AA, HR6) x 8,
Power Supply
External power supply (4-pin XLR type, 9–16 V)
Current Draw 1.5 A
USB

260 (W) x 235 (D) x 93 (H) mm

Dimensions
10-1/4 (W) x 9-1/4 (D) x 3-11/16 (H) inches
Weight 2.7 kg
(including batteries) 6 lbs
Accessories Owner’s Manual, AC adaptor
Options (sold separately) R-88 carrying (CB-R88), Footswitch (BOSS FS-5U), Dual Footswitch (BOSS FS-6), Footswitch cable (PCS-31L)
Appendix

* 0 dBu = 0.775 Vrms

* In the interest of product improvement, the specifications and/or appearance of this unit are subject to change without prior notice.

73
 R-88 Block Diagram
Detailed block diagram* The LEVEL knob can be assigned to INPUT
INPUT p. 28 LEVEL or CH FADER (p. 43).
INPUT 1-8
L PFL 1-8
DIGITAL Digital In
IN R Input SW
Peak
SENS PEAK MS (REC)
Input SW Level
LIM
IN 1 A/D LCF

Sens Level Link 1/2

MS

LIM
IN 2 A/D LCF

LIM
IN 3 A/D LCF

Sens Level Link 3/4

MS

IN 4 A/D LCF LIM

A/D LCF LIM

IN 5
Sens Level Link 5/6
MS

LIM
IN 6 A/D LCF

IN 7 A/D LCF LIM

Sens Level Link 7/8

MS

LIM
IN 8 A/D LCF

* Peaks are shown by the PK indicator.

p. 6
* MS mic settings are made in REC/PLAY SETUP.
p. 41
PLAYER p. 39 Home screen
REC/PLAY
Select in the finder
Track 1

Track 2

Track 3

Track 4

Track 5

Track 6

Track 7

Track 8

2Mix L

2Mix R

SLATE p. 50

MIC A/D AGC

Always ON
TONE

74
 R-88 Block Diagram

Overview
RECORDER p. 35
SLATE MIC, TONE Input Rec SW (=Input SW)
Meter
SEL Track 1

Quick Guide
SEL Track 2

SEL Track 3

SEL Track 4

SEL Track 5

SEL Track 6

Getting Ready
SEL Track 7

SEL Track 8

2MIX L, R p. 76 MIX REC p. 35

MS decoder operation p. 41 2Mix L

Home MS SW setting ON/OFF 2Mix R

screen REC MON PLAY INPUT MIXER

IN/OUT/Monitor
OFF OFF OFF OFF
REC OFF ON OFF ON * Meters are shown in the recording home screen. p. 10
ON ON ON OFF
OFF OFF
OUTPUT p. 32
PLAY
ON ON Output +4/-60 dBu
Meter
D/A OUT 1
PAD

Recording/Playback
D/A OUT 2
PAD
* The LEVEL knob can be assigned to INPUT
LEVEL or CH FADER (p. 43). +4 dBu
D/A OUT 3
MIXER p. 43 +4 dBu
CH. METER D/A OUT 4
MS SW MUTE FADER PAN
EQ SEL
+4 dBu
MIXER Link 1/2
MS D/A OUT 5

Mixer
+4 dBu
EQ
D/A OUT 6
SLATE:
MIC
EQ +4 dBu
/OFF MASTER
METER D/A OUT 7
MIXER Link 3/4 /TONE
MS +4 dBu
D/A OUT 8

Timecode
LIM
EQ

2 Vrms/-30 dBu
p. 76
LIM D/A
EQ
PAD MIX
MASTER OUT
MIXER Link 5/6 FADER
MS D/A
PAD
EQ DIGITAL
File Operation

OUT

EQ * Meters are shown in the playback home screen. p. 10

MS
MIXER Link 7/8 MONITOR p. 34
EQ PHONES OUT:
STEREO RTA p. 34
/L+R
/L
* Peaks are shown in the /R MONITOR PHONES
MIXER screen. LEVEL
USB

D/A
p. 43
* MS mic settings are made
in REC/PLAY SETUP. D/A
SPEAKER
PFL 1-8 Switched by Switched by
p. 41 operating connecting
p. 34 PFL headphones
SPEAKER SW
Appendix

ALARM
TONE p. 33
LEVEL
ALARM p. 66

* REALTIME ANALYZER is shown in the monitor screen.

p. 34
75
R-88 Block Diagram

RECORDER SELECTOR block diagram

8

3
2
1
SLATE TONE ROUTING
MIX p. 50
/MIX+REC TRACK 1 SLATE SW:
/MIX+OUT MIC SW MIC
/ALL /OFF
from SLATE MIC /TONE
from INPUT 1 to RECORDING TRACK 1

from SLATE TONE

OUTPUT SELECTOR block diagram

OUT 1/2 MODE:
SLATE TONE ROUTING p. 33
MIX
p. 50 OFF
/MIX
/MIX+REC
TRACK 1 /TR1/2
/MIX+OUT OUTPUT 1
MIC SW /TR3/4
/ALL METER /TR5/6
from TRACK 1 /TR7/8

to OUT 1
TRACK 2
MIC SW OUTPUT 2
METER
from TRACK 2

to OUT 2

OUT 7/8 MODE:

OFF
p. 33
/MIX
TRACK 7 /TR1/2
MIC SW OUTPUT 7 /TR3/4
METER /TR5/6
from TRACK 7 /TR7/8

to OUT 7
TRACK 8
MIC SW OUTPUT 8
METER
from TRACK 8

SLATE SW: to OUT 8

from SLATE MIC MIC
p. 50
from SLATE TONE /OFF
from 2MIX L /TONE
from 2MIX R

USB SELECTOR block diagram

SLATE TONE ROUTING
MIX p. 50
/MIX+REC TRACK 1
/MIX+OUT MIC SW
/ALL

from TRACK 1 to IN 1

TRACK 8
MIC SW

from TRACK 8 to IN 8

SLATE SW:
MIC p. 50
from SLATE MIC
/OFF
from SLATE TONE /TONE
from 2MIX L to MIX L
from 2MIX R to MIX R

76
 Index

Overview
A M T
<A-B> button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 <MARK> button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 threshold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
AB REPEAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Marker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 THRU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
AC adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 23, 24 [MASTER] knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 TIMECODE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Analog Input (IN 1/L–IN 8/R) jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Master Limiter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 TIMECODE IN/OUT jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Analog Output jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 8, 32 Maximum Output Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Timecode mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Audio Input from a Digital Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 [MENU/HOME] button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 12 timecode output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Quick Guide
Audio Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 MENU Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 65 Touch panel display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Auto Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 66 <METER ZOOM> button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Two-channel Mix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Mixer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 43
B MIXER Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 43, 68, 75
U
Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 USB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59, 60
MIX LEVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
battery case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 23 USB COMPUTER port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
MIX OUT (STEREO) jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 33
bit depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 37, 65 USB Connection Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
MIX REC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Buffer indicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 USB Driver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
[MONITOR] knob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Getting Ready
BWF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 USB MEMORY port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Monitor Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 68
C Monitor Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 V
Clip indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Moving a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 VIEW screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
CONTROL 1, 2 jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 42 MS mic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Copying a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 59 MS MIC DECODER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Creating a Folder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 MS-MIC LEVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Cutoff frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 MS Mic Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

IN/OUT/Monitor
MS-MIC WIDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 41
D Mute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 44
Date and Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 26
DC IN jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 24 O
DIGITAL IN jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 29 Output Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 46
DIGITAL OUT jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Output Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

E P
EQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 45 Pan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 44

Recording/Playback
EXT (AUTO JAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Parameter List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
EXT BATTERY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 15, 24 PFL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
External Power Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 [PHANTOM] switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 17
External power supply select switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 PHONES jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
External timecode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 PK (PEAK) indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
EXT SYNC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 PLAY MODE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
EXT SYNC REC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 [ ] (PLAY/PAUSE) button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PLAY REPEAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
F polarity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
file type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 35 [POWER] switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Mixer
final voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 15, 24 Pre-Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Finder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Progress bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Footswitch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Project File Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Formatting an SD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 27 Project Naming Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
frame rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Protecting a project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
FWD [ ] (+) button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
R
G REALTIME ANALYZER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Timecode
GENERATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 [ ] (REC) button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Grounding Terminal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 REC-RUN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 49
release time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
H
Repairing a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Headphone Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
REPRO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
[HOLD] switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
[REW [ ] (−) button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
home screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 10, 67
RTC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
I
File Operation

Rubber flap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 15, 26

iMXL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
<INPUT> button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
S
Sampling Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 36, 65
Input Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 17, 20, 28, 29, 31
scene name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Input Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 31
SD Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 26
Input Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 28
SD card slot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
INT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Security slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Internal Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 33
<SENS> button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Internal Timecode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
[SENS] knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 17
J slate mic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 38, 50, 67
USB

Jam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 49 SLATE MIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

[SLATE] switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
L slate tone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 22, 46, 50, 67
[LEVEL] knob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 17, 20, 43
Sorting Projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
LEVEL KNOB MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
[ ] (STOP) button. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Level Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Limiter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appendix

Limiter channel link. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

link. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 29, 45
Low Cut Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

77
 For the U.K.
IMPORTANT: THE WIRES IN THIS MAINS LEAD ARE COLOURED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FOLLOWING CODE.

BLUE: NEUTRAL
BROWN: LIVE

As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying
the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows:
The wire which is coloured BLUE must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter N or coloured BLACK.
The wire which is coloured BROWN must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter L or coloured RED.
Under no circumstances must either of the above wires be connected to the earth terminal of a three pin plug.

For EU Countries

This product complies with the requirements of EMC Directive 2004/108/EC.

For the USA

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION

RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
– Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
– Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
– Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
– Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

This equipment requires shielded interface cables in order to meet FCC class B limit.
Any unauthorized changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority to operate the equipment.

For Canada

NOTICE
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.

AVIS
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.

For C.A. US (Proposition 65)

WARNING
This product contains chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm, including lead.

For the USA

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Compliance Information Statement
Model Name : R-88
Type of Equipment : Portable Recorder
Responsible Party : Roland Corporation U.S.
Address : 5100 S. Eastern Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90040-2938
Telephone : (323) 890-3700

78
Model Name : V-STUDIO 20 (Model Number: VS-20)
Overview Quick Guide Getting Ready IN/OUT/Monitor Recording/Playback Mixer Timecode File Operation USB Appendix

79
For China
For EU Countries
* 5 1 0 0 0 3 3 0 7 4 - 0 2 *