MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI YEAR 9 FINAL EXAMINATION 2018

BASIC SCIENCE DETAILED SOLUTION

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2018.

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SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [30 marks]

The multiple choice questions are all compulsory. Each question is worth 1 mark.

Circle the letter of the best answer in the Answer Booklet.

1. The safety symbol shown below is present on a bottle containing chemicals. It

indicates that the chemical substance is

A. explosive. C. flammable.
B. poisonous. D. corrosive.

Additional Notes
Safety Symbols

Flammable Explosive Corrosive

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2. The leaf blade is attached to the stem of a plant by the ____________.

A. node C. internode
B. petiole D. apical bud

Additional Notes
Structure of a Plant

Source: [Link]

3. The rate of transpiration can be measured using a ___________.

A. spatula C. voltmeter
B. ammeter D. photometer

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Additional Notes
Spatula - an implement with a broad, flat, blunt blade, used for moving
small amounts of solids from place to place.
Ammeter - an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes.
Voltmeter - an instrument for measuring electric potential in volts.

4. Cassava is one of the staple food items in Fiji and is grown vegetatively through
________________.

A. corms C. stolons
B. cuttings D. rhizomes

Additional Notes
Corms – is a type of natural vegetative reproduction. They have short
stems which swells and stores food. The terminal bulbs grows
into a flowering short and the lateral bud produce new plants
e.g. dalo.

Cuttings – is a type of artificial vegetative reproduction method which

produces new individuals from certain plants by putting the
cut end of a shoot into water or moist earth. Roots grow from
the base of the stem into the soil while the shoot continues
to grow and produce new leaves e.g. cassava.

Stolons – is a type of natural vegetative reproduction. These are the

modified stems whose purpose is to spread the plant over the
surface of the ground. It is a type of runner in which the main
shoot forms the individual.

Rhizomes – is a type of natural vegetative reproduction. These stems

grow horizontally under the ground. The terminal bud
turns upwards to produce the flowering shoot and the
lateral buds may grow out to form new rhizomes e.g.
ginger.

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5. The method of dispersal of seeds that are light or have wings is __________.

A. wind C. water
B. animals D. explosion

Additional Notes
Seed Dispersal
 Is the movement of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants have
limited movement, therefore, they rely upon variety of dispersal
methods to transport their seeds.

Types of Seed Dispersal

1. Wind dispersal – for seeds that are light or have wings e.g. grass
seeds.

2. Water dispersal – for seeds that may float away e.g. mangrove and
coconut.

3. Animal dispersal – for seeds that may stick to the coat of animals
or go through the digestive system. If it goes
through the digestive system, it must provide
a food source e.g. pawpaw and tomatoes.

4. Explosive dispersal – for seeds that are contained in pods and are
thrown away at a distance from the parent
plant when the pods dry and open.

Source: [Link]

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6. Which of the following is a biotic factor affecting the organisms in an

ecosystem?

A. Light C. Temperature
B. Landform D. Competition

Additional Notes
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors – are living things that occur in the environment e.g.
source of food, predator, parasite or disease causing
organism.

Abiotic Factors – are the non-living features of the environment. It is

classified as physical factors and chemical factors.
i. Physical factors – temperature, light, landform and tides.
ii. Chemical factors – amount of water, salinity and soil nutrients

7. The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment is

called ____________.

A. biology C. ecology
B. zoology D. botany

Additional Notes
Biology - the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized
fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy,
behaviour, origin, and distribution.

Zoology - the scientific study of the behaviour, structure, physiology,

classification, and distribution of animals.

Botany - the scientific study of the physiology, structure, genetics,

ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance
of plants.

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8. In a food web the organism that eats both plants and animals is called a/an
_________________.

A. herbivore C. carnivore
B. omnivore D. decomposer

Additional Notes
Herbivore - an animal that feeds on plants.
Carnivore - an animal that feeds on other animals.

Decomposer - an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or

invertebrate (earthworm) that decomposes organic
material.

9. The plant root growth towards water concentration is called positive __________.

A. hydrotropism C. geotropism
B. thigmotropism D. phototropism

Additional Notes
Tropism
 Is the way a plant grows in response to stimuli in the
environment.

1. Thigmotropism – growth response to touch e.g. vines grow up

around trees.

2. Geotropism – is also known as gravitropism. It is the growth

response to gravity e.g. plant roots grow down with
gravity (positive geotropism) while shoots grow up
against gravity (negative geotropism).

3. Phototropism – growth response to light e.g. plants bend towards

light.

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10. Tagimaucia shown below, is a flowering plant found only on the island of
Taveuni is an example of ____________.

Source: [Link]

A. native species C. exotic species

B. invasive species D. endemic species

Additional Notes
Native species – is a species that normally lives and thrives in a
particular ecosystem.

Invasive species – is a species that is not native or an introduced species

to a specific location and that has a tendency to spread to a degree that
can cause damage to environment, human economy or human health.

Exotic species - a non-native species that is introduced into an area.

11. The conservation organisation formed in 2006 for the conservation and
sustainable management of Fiji’s unique natural heritage is the ____________.

A. Birdlife Fiji C. World Wildlife Fund

B. Nature Fiji D. Wildlife Conservation Society

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Additional Notes
Birdlife Fiji - protects some of the most important sites for birds and
other native wildlife.

World Wildlife Fund – protects ecosystems and develops various options

with regards to preservation, efficient use of natural resources and also
to deal with other environmental issues that have a great impact on the
lives of endangered species.

Wildlife Conservation Society - is dedicated towards saving wildlife and

wild places across the world. WCS is the world's most comprehensive
conservation organization.

Use the model of an atom below to answer the questions 12 and 13.

12. The centre of the atom contains the

A. electrons. C. protons and neutrons.

B. protons. D. electrons and neutrons.

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Additional Notes
Atoms are building blocks of matter. It consists of a central nucleus
that contains two main particles: protons and neutrons.

13. The negatively charged particles in the atom are called the _____________.

A. electrons C. protons
B. neutrons D. nucleus

Additional Notes

Protons – are the positively charged particles.

Neutrons – are particles that does not have any charge.
Electrons – are negatively charged particles that are arranged in shells
(orbits) of different energy levels around the nucleus

14. The ability of a material to return to its original shape and size after being
stretched or compressed, is the measure of its __________.

A. strength C. elasticity
B. hardness D. solubility

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Additional Notes
Physical Properties of Matter

1. Strength – is the ability of a material to support a mass or heavy

load without breaking or collapsing.
2. Hardness – is the ability of material to withstand scratches and
wear.
3. Solubility – is the maximum quantity of a substance that can
dissolve in given quantity of the solvent.
4. Melting point – is the temperature at which a substance changes
from solid to liquid.
5. Electrical conductivity – is a measure of how readily electric
current flows through a substance.
6. Heat conductivity - is a measure of how readily heat flows through
a substance.

15. Alloys are mixtures of metals and other substances. An example of a metal
alloy is __________.

A. brass C. glass
B. polythene D. concrete

Additional Notes
Alloys are the mixtures of metals and other substances e.g. steel,
bronze, brass.

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16. The chemical formula of water is _________.

A. O2 C. H2O
B. H2 D. H2O2

Additional Notes
O2 – oxygen gas
H2 – hydrogen gas
H2O2 – hydrogen peroxide

17. The chemical symbol for the element chlorine is ________.

A. C C. Cl
B. Cr D. Cu

Additional Notes
C – carbon
Cr – chromium
Cu - copper

18. Iron plus oxygen when reacted together in a chemical reaction will produce

Iron + Oxygen ____________

A. carbon dioxide. C. copper oxide.

B. iron oxide. D. magnesium oxide.

Additional Notes
 Carbon dioxide is formed when carbon reacts with oxygen.

Carbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide

 Copper oxide is formed when copper reacts with oxygen.

Copper + Oxygen Copper oxide

 Magnesium oxide is formed when magnesium reacts with

oxygen.
Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium oxide
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19. Sodium hydroxide is a common alkali used in the making of _____________.

A. soap C. soda lime

B. paint D. fertilizer

Additional Notes
Common Alkalis and their Uses
Alkali Uses

Sodium hydroxide
Making soap, washing powders and drain cleaners.
Calcium hydroxide Making mortar and reducing the acidity of soil.

Ammonium hydroxide Making fertilizer and cleaning liquid.

Potassium hydroxide Making paint removers and dyes for fabrics.

Magnesium hydroxide Making indigestion tablets and ‘milk of magnesia’

20. Crude oil which is formed from the organic remains of dead marine organisms
is also called ______________.

A. gas C. gasoline
B. coal D. petroleum

21. Energy sources can be classified as limited, unlimited and renewable. Which of
the following is an example of unlimited source of energy?

A. Oil C. Solar
B. Coal D. Natural gas

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22. Energy derived from heat is called __________ energy.

A. thermal C. electrical
B. chemical D. mechanical

23. The energy conversion occurring at the windmill shown below is

A. solar to electrical. C. chemical to electrical.

B. mechanical to electrical. D. thermal to electrical.

Additional Notes

Source: [Link]

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24. Which of the following is not a method of reducing friction?

A. Cutting grips C. Streamlining

B. Placing ball bearings D. Lubricating

Additional Notes

Source: [Link]

25. Magnetic force is a force of ___________.

A. attraction C. contact force
B. repulsion D. both attraction and repulsion

Additional Notes

Source: [Link]

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26. The heat from the sun is strongest at the ____________.

A. poles
B. equator
C. tropic of cancer
D. tropic of capricon

Additional Notes

Source: [Link]

27. The earth’s natural satellite is the ___________.

A. Moon
B. Pluto
C. Uranus
D. Neptune

28. Spring tides occur when the earth, moon and sun are in a straight line. The
number of spring tides occurring in a month is _________.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
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29. When the Northern hemisphere will have winter, the Southern hemisphere will
have ____________.

A. winter
B. spring
C. autumn
D. summer

Additional Notes

Source: [Link]

30. The planet that is in the centre of our solar system is the ____________.

A. Sun
B. Venus
C. Jupiter
D. Mercury

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Additional Notes

The Sun is a star. There are lots of stars, but the Sun is the closest
one to Earth. It is the centre of our solar system. The Sun is a hot ball
of glowing gases. It keeps our planet warm enough for living things to
thrive. It gives us light so we can see. Eight planets move around the
Sun. We call that an orbit. The planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

The three criteria of the IAU for a full-sized planet are:

1. It is in orbit around the Sun.

2. It has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a
nearly round shape).
3. It has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit.

Pluto meets only two of these criteria, losing out on the third. In all
the billions of years it has lived there, it has not managed to clear its
neighborhood.

Source: [Link]

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SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [60 marks]

The six questions in this section are all compulsory.
Each question is worth 10 marks.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

QUESTION 1 (10 marks)

(a) The diagram below shows a cactus plant adapted to desert conditions.
Use it to answer the questions that follow.

Source: [Link]
(i) Define adaptation
Adaptation is any special feature that enables an organism to
survive in its habitat.

(ii) Name two adaptive features and state how they enable the cactus plant to
survive in desert ecosystems?
It has spiky thorns that protects them from Herbivores.
It has succulent stem to store water.
It has reduced leaves minimize the amount of water lost.
It has wide spreading roots to absorb more water.

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[Link]

(b) Use the illustration of flower parts given below to answer the questions that
follow.

Source: [Link]
(i) Name the part labeled X.
Ovules

(ii) State the function of part labeled X.

It fertilizes with the pollen Or Contains gametes.

(iii) What will part labeled X develop into after fertilization.

Seed

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[Link]

(c) Photosynthesis is an essential process for plants. State two importance of

photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis produces food for the plant.
Photosynthesis produces oxygen gas.
Photosynthesis reduces amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

QUESTION 2 (10 marks)

(a) (i) State the difference between community and ecosystem?

Community consists of all the kinds of organisms living in an area while

ecosystem is the kinds of living things in an area plus the environment.

(ii) State one biotic factor and describe how it affects mynah bird
population in their ecosystem?
Competition for food and mate reduces their population.
Predators such as mongoose kill them.
Diseases kill them.
(2 marks)
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[Link]

(b) (i) Draw a food chain from a forest ecosystem.

Producer Herbivore
Example: Plant caterpillar birds
(any food chain)

ii) Name the producer from the food chain drawn in (i) above.

Any plant.

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(c) State the difference between geotropism and phototropism.

Geotropism is plant growth response to gravity while phototropism is

plant growth response towards sunlight.

[Link]

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QUESTION 3 (10 marks)

(a) Use the chemical symbol of an element given below to answer the questions that
follow.
1
6
8
16O
8
O
(i) Name the element and state its mass number.
Name: Oxygen (1 mark)
Mass number: 16 (1 mark)

Additional Notes
Mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in
an atom. The larger number out of the two is the mass number

(ii) State the number of neutrons in the above element.

8 (1 mark)

Additional Notes
Number of neutrons can be calculated using this formula:
No. of neutrons = Mass number – no. of protons (atomic number)
= 16 – 8
= 8 neutrons

(iv) State one use of above element.

Burning OR Combustion OR Breathing OR Photosynthesis OR

Respiration.
0 or 1 mark

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(b) Study the diagram of potassium permanganate crystals being heated in a
beaker of water shown below to answer the questions that follow.

(i) State an observation if the potassium permanganate crystals is heated

for several minutes.
Potassium permanganate crystals will dissolve (1 mark).
OR
The colour of water will change (1 mark).

(ii) Use the particle model of matter to explain what happens to potassium
permanganate crystals.
Water particles gain energy, move further apart creating space for
potassium permanganate (1 mark) crystal and allows it to mix
together forming a solution (1 mark).

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(c) Plastic and glass are common synthetic materials. Complete the table on
plastic and glass properties below.

Synthetic Property Use

material
Flexible, low density, Bags/ raincoats/ toys/
Plastic insulator. cups/ food wrappers.
(1 mark)
Transparent/ brittle/ Windows/ mirror/ eye
Glass high melting point/ glass/ cups/ phones.
insulator. (1 mark) (1 mark)

Additional Notes
Properties and Uses of Other Synthetic Materials

Synthetic
Material Properties Uses

Metal and alloys Usually hard, strong, Used in for making

dense, malleable, steel, brass and
ductile, have high bronze.
melting point, conduct
heat and electricity.

Ceramics Brittle, hard, high Used for making

melting point, bricks, concrete,
unreactive, non- tiles.
conductors of heat and
electricity.

Fibres Flexible, low density, Used for making

many burn on heating, fishing nets, ropes
long strands. and fabrics.

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QUESTION 4 (10 marks)

(a) Soap and detergents are important cleaning materials.

(i) State one advantage of using soap over detergent.

Soap does not cause pollution.
Soap is biodegradable.
Soap is cheaper. 0 or 1 mark

(ii) State one disadvantage of using soap over detergent.

Soap does not lather easily with hard water.

Soap does not last longer
It forms scum with hard water making clothes dirty.
0 or 1 mark

Additional Notes

Comparison of Soap with Detergent

Soap Detergent

Made from natural resources Made from synthetic materials

such as plants and animals (fats such as hydrocarbon of
and oil). petroleum and coal.

Calcium and magnesium salts Calcium and magnesium salts

are insoluble in soap solution. are soluble in detergent solution.

Produces scum in hard water Hard water does not affect it’s
which affect it’s cleaning. cleaning action.

Biodegradable. Not too biodegradable.

(b) Carbon dioxide is a common gas produced in burning. Describe a test for
carbon dioxide gas.

When carbon dioxide is blown into a test tube of lime water (2 marks), the
lime water turns milky (1 mark).

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Additional Notes
Test for Carbon dioxide
Pass some carbon dioxide gas through clear limewater. The presence of
carbon dioxide gas will turn the limewater milky or forms a white
precipitate.

Source: [Link]

(c) Chemical reaction is part of daily life.

(i) Write a chemical equation for sodium reacting with chlorine.

Na + Cl NaCl
(1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark)

Additional Notes
Chemical Equation
 Is a brief way of summarizing what has happened in chemical
reaction.
 In a chemical equation, symbols and formulae are used.

Steps in Writing Balanced Chemical Equation

1. Identify the reactants and products by looking at the information
given or by observing the reaction carefully.
2. Write a word equation. In a word equation, the reactants and
products are named.
3. Decide on the symbols and formulae for the reactants and products
and write a chemical equation using the symbols and formulae.
4. Balance the equation if necessary.
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(ii) Write the chemical formula for the reactants and the product in part (i).

Reactants: Na and Cl (1 mark)

Product: NaCl (1 mark)

Additional Notes
Reactants
 Are chemicals or substances that are used to start a reaction.
 Are always on the left-hand side.

Products
 Are substances that are formed.
 Are always on the right-hand side.

Source: [Link]

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QUESTION 5 (10 marks)

(a) (i) Define translucent and opaque materials.

Translucent materials allow some light to pass through and scatters
the rest and opaque materials does not allow any light to pass
through.

[Link]

(ii) State the law of reflection followed when light reflects off a plane
mirror.
Law of reflection states that an angle of reflection is equal to an angle of
incidence.

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[Link]

(iii) Concave mirrors produce virtual images. State a use of concave mirror.

Cosmetic mirrors / microscopes/ dentist’s mirrors/ car headlights/

search lights.

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[Link]

(a) Energy is essential for life.

(i) State how mechanical and electrical energy are produced.

Mechanical energy is produced due to an objects motion and can be

either kinetic or potential and electrical energy is produced by
the movement of electrons or moving electrical charges.

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[Link]
(ii) State two ways of conserving energy in our homes.
Switch off power points and appliances when not in use.
Switch off light when not in rooms.
Use energy saver light bulbs.
Use energy efficient appliances
Use refrigerators with more star or energy saver rating.
(c) (i) Define friction.
Friction is an opposite force to applied force acting in an object that
resists its movement in a particular direction.
OR
Friction is the force acting on an object when it moves against the
surface of another object.

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(ii) State one advantage of friction.
Friction helps us in walking without slipping.
It provides grip for writing with a pen.
Friction allows cars to move on road and slippery surfaces.

[Link]

QUESTION 6 (10 marks)

(a) (i) Define mass and weight.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is measured in kilograms

and always remains the same.
Weight is the pull of gravity on an object. It is measured in Newton’s and
can change with location depending on the gravitational pull.

(ii) An object weighs 120 Newton on Earth. Calculate the weight

of the object if it is taken to the moon.
Weight on moon
120 ÷ 6 = 20N, as moon has 1/6 of earth’s gravity because of its size.

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[Link]
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY9FE 2018: BASIC SCIENCE.
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(b) Enhanced greenhouse effect has become a major problem.

(i) State a cause of enhanced greenhouse effect.

Burning of fossil fuels/ vehicles emissions/burning of forests/

deforestation.

Additional Notes

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

 It is an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere results in more heat being retained and an overall
warming of the Earth’s temperature.
 This is caused by changes generated by human activities which have
increased the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
due to:
1. Increased the sources of greenhouses gases including burning of
fossil fuel, agricultural and industrial activities.
2. Increased in deforestation leading to less carbon sinks.

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(ii) Explain how global warming is affecting Pacific Island Countries.
It causes melting of ice that leads to rise in sea level (1 mark) which
causes low laying islands and coastal areas to be flooded with sea
water (1 mark).
Warmer temperatures leads to formation of low pressures (1 mark)
which leads to formation of various strength of tropical
cyclones (1 mark).
Increase in Earth’s average surface temperature leads to more
evaporation of water and formation of clouds (1 mark), therefore
more rainfall that leads to flooding (1 mark).

Flooding and contamination of water due heavy rainfall (1 mark)

leads to more cases of disease outbreaks such as dengue fever
(1 mark).

Additional Notes
Global warming is the gradual increase of the Earth’s average surface
temperature due to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Effects of Global Warming on Pacific Island Countries

 Warmer ocean temperatures leads to coral bleaching which affects
the growth of coral reefs, thus loss of habitat for marine organisms.
 Due to increased number of tropical cyclones natural habitats such
forests are being destructed, hence, loss of habitat of various
animals and organisms.

Source: [Link]

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(iii) State two ways in which we can reduce the effect of global warming.
Relocation / Planting more mangroves / Building stronger
infrastructures / Building sea walls.
0, 1 or 2 marks

(c) State the importance of predicting weather conditions accurately.

People living in disaster prone areas can prepare emergency food and
water supply.
People living in flood prone areas can move to higher and safer
grounds.
People can tie their homes and secure their property and livestock.
Schools can be closed in time before flooding.

SECTION C ESSAY WRITING [10 marks]

Choose any one out of the three questions given below and write
an essay on the question chosen using approximately 150-200 words.

EITHER

QUESTION 1

The coral reef and mangrove ecosystems have abundant resources

and are home to many organisms.

With reference to the above statement:

 define ecosystem.
 state two ways in which coral reef and mangrove ecosystems
are similar.
 state two ways in which coral reef and mangrove ecosystems
are different.
 discuss two human activities that are affecting the coral reef
and the mangrove ecosystems.

OR

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QUESTION 2

Invasive and introduced species are affecting the biodiversity of Fiji.

With reference to the above statement:

 define introduced species.

 state two impacts introduced species are having on the
Biodiversity of Fiji.
 state one role of the Biosecurity Authority of Fiji in protecting
Fiji’s biodiversity.
 discuss two ways of protecting our plant and animal
biodiversity.

OR

QUESTION 3

Global climate change is real.

With reference to the above statement:

 define climate change.

 state two causes of climate change.
 state two effects of climate change.
 discuss two ways in which people can help reduce the effects
of climate change.

CHOICE 1
Definition
Ecosystem – a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical
environment.
Similarity – any two similarity.
Similarity between mangroves and coral reef ecosystems-
- Maritime, marine or coastal.
- Aquatic
- Sea water
- Waves
- Same or similar animal species
- Connected by seawater
- Etc…
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Difference – any two difference.

Difference between coral reef and mangrove ecosystems –
- Coral reef submerged under sea water and mangrove is not.
- Mangrove is terrestrial ecosystem and coral reef is aquatic.
- Mangroves grow in muddy areas and coral reefs grow in clear waters.
- More terrestrial animals in mangroves but mostly aquatic organisms in mangroves.

Human activities – any two activities.

Human activities that are affecting the mangroves and coral reef ecosystems-
- Deforestation causes sediments to wash into this ecosystems,
- Coastal development destroys both mangroves and coral reef ecosystems,
- Land reclamation destroys both mangroves and coral reefs.
- Coastal pollution affects both mangroves and coral reefs.

CHOICE
2

Definition
Introduced species – is an organism not native to the place or area and have been
moved by humans to an environment where they did not occur naturally.

Impacts – any two impacts.

Impacts of introduced species –
- Compete with native species for food and shelter.
- Out-compete native species and become abundant in numbers
- Cause the extinction of native species
- Become predators of native species and affect their populations
- Bring new pests and diseases with them which affects the native species
- Become a nuisance in the new environment

Role – any one roles.

Role of Biosecurity Authority of Fiji

- Protects Fiji’s agricultural sector from the introduction and spread of animal and plant
pests and diseases.
- Manage quarantine controls at our boarders to minimize risk of exotic pests and
diseases entering our country.
- Provide import and export inspection and certification to help retain Fiji’s favorable
animal, plant and human health status and wide access to overseas markets.

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Ways of protecting – any two ways.

Ways of protecting our plant and animal biodiversity –
- Have strict quarantine measures so that no invasive or introduced pests and disease
enter into Fiji.
- Have nature reserves and biodiversity conservation areas.
- Educate the people about the importance of conserving the biodiversity
- Have sanctuaries and protected areas

CHOICE 3
Definition
Climate change – a change in global or regional climate patterns or a change in the
pattern of weather, increase in temperatures and related changes in oceans, land
surfaces and ice sheets over a period of time.

Causes – any two causes.

Two causes of climate change –
- Burning of forests.
- Burning of fossil fuels
- Too many automobiles
- Gases released from factories
- Clearing of forests
- Chemical pollution
- Not practicing three R’s. Etc….
Effects – any two effects.
Two effects of climate change –
- Loss of species and biodiversity
- Less food produced
- Rise in temperatures
- More tropical cyclones
- More floods
- More droughts
- Unpredictable weather conditions
- Mass movement or migration of people
- Loss of homes. Etc…

Ways – any two ways.

Ways to reduce the effects of climate change –
- Reduce burning
- Plant more trees
- Reduce all forms of pollution
- Reduce on the number of vehicles
- Use renewable forms of energy

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- Plant more resistant crops

- Relocate or move to higher grounds
- Build stronger homes
- Reduce wastage of energy
- Reduce wastage of resources

THE END

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY9FE 2018: BASIC SCIENCE.