CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

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CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Topics to be covered
● Introduction to Determinants
● Properties of Determinants
● Area of Triangle using determinants
● Minors and Cofactors
● Adjoint of Matrix
● Inverse of a Matrix
● System of Linear Equations
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Singular and Non-Singular Matrix

Singular matrix
If the determinant of any square matrix A is zero,
i.e. |A| = 0, then matrix A is termed as singular matrix.

Non-Singular matrix
If the determinant of any square matrix A is non-zero,
i.e. |A| ≠ 0, then matrix A is termed as non-singular matrix.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

If matrix is singular, then value of

x is:

A -1

B 1

C 0

D None of these
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

If matrix is singular, then value of

x is:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

If matrix is singular, then value of

x is:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

If matrix is singular, then value of

x is:

A -1

B 1

C 0

D None of these
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

Since, the matrix A is singular, therefore

Thus, the required value of is

1.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Inverse of a Matrix
If A is a square matrix of order n and if there exists another
square matrix B of the same order n, such that
AB = I = BA
Hence, B is called the inverse matrix of A
Notation: A-1
If A-1 exists, then A is said to be invertible
Thus, B = A-1
⇒ AA-1 = I = A-1 A
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Inverse of a Matrix
Formula for A−1

Note
● A square matrix A is invertible if and only if A is non
singular matrix i.e. |A| ≠ 0.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CBSE-2015

If then find (A’)-1.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CBSE-2015

If then find (A’)-1.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CBSE-2015

If then find (A’)-1.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

We have

∴ A is non-singular. It means A has an inverse i.e. A-1

exists.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT Exemplar

Prove that (A-1)’ = (A’)-1, where A is an invertible matrix.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT Exemplar

Prove that (A-1)’ = (A’)-1, where A is an invertible matrix.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT Exemplar

Prove that (A-1)’ = (A’)-1, where A is an invertible matrix.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

Since A is an invertible matrix, so it is non-singular.

We know that |A| = |A’|. But |A| ≠ 0.
So |A’| ≠ 0 i.e. A’ is invertible matrix.
Now, we know that AA-1 = A-1A = I
Taking transpose on both sides, we get
(A-1)’ A’ = A’ (A-1)’ = (I)’ = I
Hence (A-1)’ is inverse of A’
i.e., (A’)-1 = (A-1)’
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

If , then is equal to:

D None of these
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

If , then is equal to:

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

If , then is equal to:

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

If , then is equal to:

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

If , then
is equal to:

D None of these
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

exists
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

Assertion: If and A-1 = kA, then

Reason:

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

A Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but

B Reason is not the correct explanation for
Assertion.

C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

Assertion: If and A-1 = kA, then

Reason:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

Assertion: If and A-1 = kA, then

Reason:

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

A Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but

B Reason is not the correct explanation for
Assertion.

C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

[∵ ]

Thus, Assertion is incorrect

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

Also, we know that AA-1 = I

⇒ |AA-1| = | I |
⇒ |A| |A-1| = 1

⇒
Thus Reason is correct.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Two Variables
If the given system of equation is a1x = b1y = c1 and
a2x + b2y = c2 , we express them in the matrix equation
form as: AX = B

Here,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Three Variables
If the given system of equations is a1x + b1y + c1z = d1,
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 and a3x + b3y + c3z = d3, then this
system is expressed in the matrix equation form as :
AX = B

Where,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Note
If |A| ≠ 0 and (adj A)B ≠ 0, then the system of equations are
consistent and have a non-zero, unique solution.
If |A| ≠ 0 and (adj A)B = 0, then the system of equations will
have trivial solutions(x = y = z = 0).
If |A| = 0 and (adj A)B = 0, then the system of equations are
consistent and have infinitely many solutions.
If |A| = 0 and (adj A)B ≠ 0, then the system of equations are
inconsistent and have no solution.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution of System of Linear Equations

For the given system of equation
we express them in the matrix equation form as:
AX = B
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CBSE-2020

Check the consistency of the system of linear equations:

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CBSE-2020

Check the consistency of the system of linear equations:

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CBSE-2020

Check the consistency of the system of linear equations:

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

Given system of linear equations is:

In matrix equation form, the given system of equations

can be written as AX =B, where
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

Thus, the system is inconsistent and has No solution

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CBSE-2020

Solve the following system of equations, using matrix

method: x - y + 2z = 7; 2x - y + 3z = 12; 3x + 2y - z = 5
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS
CBSE-2020

Solve the following system of equations, using matrix

method: x - y + 2z = 7; 2x - y + 3z = 12; 3x + 2y - z = 5
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

CBSE-2020

Solve the following system of equations, using matrix

method: x - y + 2z = 7; 2x - y + 3z = 12; 3x + 2y - z = 5
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

The given equations expressed in the matrix equation

form as:

….(i)
which is in the form AX = B, where

Here,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

So, ‘

Hence, from (ii), we have

Thus, x = 2, y = 1 and z = 3
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

5x + 2y = 4; 7x + 3y = 5

A x = 2, y = 3

B x = -2, y = 3

C x = 2, y = -3

D x = -2, y = -3
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

5x + 2y = 4; 7x + 3y = 5
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

5x + 2y = 4; 7x + 3y = 5
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

NCERT

Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method:

5x + 2y = 4; 7x + 3y = 5

A x = 2, y = 3

B x = -2, y = 3

C x = 2, y = -3

D x = -2, y = -3
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

The given system of equations can be written in the

form of AX = B, where

Now,
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.

Now,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

Hence, x = 2 and y = -3.

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

Manjit wants to donate a rectangular plot of land for a school
in his village. When he was asked to give the dimensions of
the plot, he told that if its length is decreased by 50 m and
breadth is increased by 50 m, then its area will remain same,
but if the length is decreased by 10 m and breadth is
decreased by 20 m, then its area will decrease by 5300 m2.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(i) The equations in terms of x and y are

D
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(i) The equations in terms of x and y are

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(i) The equations in terms of x and y are

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(i) The equations in terms of x and y are

D
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

(i) Let the length of rectangular field be ‘x’ m and

breadth be ‘y’ m.
According to question, when length is decreased by 50
m and breadth is increased by 50 m, then its area will
remain same
I.e.,
….(1)
when length is decreased by 10 m and breadth is
decreased by 20 m, then its area will be decreased by
5300 m2
I.e.,
….(2)
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(ii) Which of the following matrix equation is represented

by above data

D
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(ii) Which of the following matrix equation is represented

by above data
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(ii) Which of the following matrix equation is represented

by above data
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(ii) Which of the following matrix equation is represented

by above data

D
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

(ii) According to question, we have

….(I)
…..(II)
Equations (I) and (II) can be written in matrix form as
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(iii) The value of x (length of rectangular field) is

A 150 m

B 400 m

C 200m

D 320 m
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(iii) The value of x (length of rectangular field) is

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(iii) The value of x (length of rectangular field) is

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(iii) The value of x (length of rectangular field) is

A 150 m

B 400 m

C 200m

D 320 m
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

(iii) According to question, we have

….(I)
…..(II)
Equations (I) and (II) can be written in matrix form as
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(iv) The area of rectangular field is

A 60000 m2

B 30000 m2

C 22500 m2

D 64000 m2
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(iv) The area of rectangular field is

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(iv) The area of rectangular field is

CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Case Study Questions

(iv) The area of rectangular field is

A 60000 m2

B 30000 m2

C 22500 m2

D 64000 m2
CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

Solution:

(iv) According to question, we have

….(I)
…..(II)
Equations (I) and (II) can be written in matrix form as

Thus, Area of rectangular field is 200 x 150 = 30000 m2

 CLASS 12 - MATHS - DETERMINATS

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