Benha University
Electrical Engineering Department
Benha Faculty of Engineering
Maintenance Workshop of
Electronic Devices E1206
Lab_6 Passive Filters
Prepared by:
Dr_ EMAN SALEM
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering
LAB INCLUDE
TESTING IN THE HARDWARE LABORATORY &
DESIGN AND SIMULATION USING PROTEUS SOFTWARE:
1. Low Pass Filter (LPF).
2. High Pass Filter (HPF).
3. Band Pass Filter (BPF)
Passive Filter Analysis by Laplace Transform
The aim of this lab is to use analyze passive filters through their transfer function. Simulate the
results using Proteus.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: Proteus Simulation Software
APPARATUS:
1. Circuit Breadboard
2. Function Generator
3. oscilloscope
4. Probes and connecting wires
Introduction:
In electronic circuits systems it is often helpful to separate a specific range of frequencies from
the total spectrum. A filter is a type of circuit that passes a specific range of frequencies while
rejecting other frequencies. A passive filter consists of passive circuit elements, such as
capacitors, inductors and resistors.
Four basic types of filters:
1. Low-pass filter: designed to pass all frequencies below the cut-off frequency and reject all
other frequencies above the cutoff
2. High-pass filter: designed to pass all frequencies above the cut-off frequency and reject all
other frequencies below the cutoff
3. Band-pass filter: passes all frequencies within a band of frequencies and rejects all other
frequencies outside the band.
4. Band-stop filter: rejects all frequencies within a band of frequencies and passes all
frequencies outside the band.
1. Low Pass Filter (LPF)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fig.1. LPF circuit and its transfer function.
Consider the example circuit given in Fig.1. We have already studied this circuit in the
lecture. Here, we want to verify the calculated results with the Proteus simulations.
Suppose that the cut-off frequency 𝑓𝑐 = 10 𝑘𝐻𝑧 is desired. Then, let 𝑅 = 1𝑘 gives
𝐶 ≈ 16 𝑛𝐹.
Experimental Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit
2) Apply Sine wave from function generator..
3) Vary the input frequency at regular intervals and note down the output response from
The oscilloscope.
4) Calculate the gain in dB.
5) Verify practical and theoretical cutoff frequency
6) Calculate Voltage gain (A) for each (in db) verses frequency
7) Plot the frequency response on semi-log sheet
Simulation Procedure
1. Implement the following LPF circuit in Proteus.
Fig.2. LPF proteus implementation
2. Connect ports “IN” and “OUT”.
3. Connect a sin input as a voltage source with 1V amplitude and 100Hz frequency.
4. From the graphs, select frequency graph and place it on the page.
5. Double click the graph and set the “reference” value as “IN”.
6. Then run the graph.
7. Fill the table below
fc (calculated) fc (measured) in Phase at fc in
dB degrees.
2. High Pass Filter (HPF):
Consider the example circuit given in Fig.3. We have already studied this circuit in the lecture. Here,
we want to verify the calculated results with the Proteus simulations.
Fig.3. HPF circuit and its transfer function.
Suppose that the cut-off frequency 𝑓𝑐 = 10 𝑘𝐻𝑧 is desired. Then, let 𝑅 = 1𝑘 gives 𝐶 ≈ 16 𝑛𝐹.
Experimental Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit
2) Apply Sine wave from function generator.
3) Vary the input frequency at regular intervals and note down the output response from
The oscilloscope.
4) Calculate the gain in dB.
5) Verify practical and theoretical cutoff frequency
6) Calculate Voltage gain (A) for each (in db) verses frequency
7) Plot the frequency response on semi-log sheet
Simulation Procedure:
1. Implement the following HPF circuit in Proteus.
Fig.4. HPF Proteus implementation
2. Fill the table below
fc (calculated) fc (measured) in dB Phase at fc in
degrees.
3. Band Pass Filter (BPF)
Consider the example circuit given in Fig.5. We have already studied this circuit in the lecture. Here,
we want to verify the calculated results with the Proteus simulations.
Fig.5. BPF circuit and its transfer function.
Suppose that the cut-off frequencies 𝑓𝑐1 = 100 𝑘𝐻𝑧 and 𝑓𝑐2 = 300 𝑘𝐻𝑧 are desired. Then, the center
frequency is 𝑓0 = 200𝑘𝐻𝑧 or 𝜔0 = 400𝜋 × 103 rad/sec.
Let 𝐿 = 100𝑢𝐻, then from
gives C ≈ 6.33𝑛. Since the bandwidth 𝐵 = (300𝑘𝐻𝑧 − 100𝑘𝐻𝑧) = 200𝑘𝐻𝑧, from
Gives R = 126 Ω.
Experimental Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit
2) Apply Sine wave from function generator..
3) Vary the input frequency at regular intervals and note down the output response from
The oscilloscope.
4) Calculate the gain in dB.
5) Verify practical and theoretical cutoff frequency
6) Calculate Voltage gain (A) for each (in db) verses frequency
7) Plot the frequency response on semi-log sheet
Simulation Procedure:
3. Implement the following HPF circuit in Proteus.
Fig.6. BPF Proteus implementation
4. Fill the table below
fc1 (calculated) fc1 (measured) in B (calculated) B (measured)
dB
Conclusion:
1. If calculated and measured values are different, what do you think causes this?
2. If you connect a LPF in series with a HPF each having corresponding wc1 and wc2 as in BPF, does
this circuit work correctly.
