BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM

Prepared by Pacific Northwest

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard National Laboratory for the
90.1-2019: Power and Lighting U.S. Department of Energy

1
May 2020 – PNNL-SA-153216
BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov
Acknowledgements

PNNL and DOE would like to thank ASHRAE Standing

Standard Project Committee 90.1 for their contributions to
the development of this presentation and their technical
review of the content.

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 OVERVIEW OF CHANGES TO
90.1-2019

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Summary of Changes

Updated:
• Lighting model for LPD calculations
• LPD allowances (9.5.1, 9.6.1)
• Interior and exterior lighting wattage (9.1.4)
• Parking garage lighting control requirements (9.4.1.2)
• Special applications lighting and controls (9.4.1.2)
• Daylighting control requirements (9.4.1.1)
• Daylighting zones [3.2, 9.4.1.1(e)]
• LPDs for non-typical exterior areas (9.4.2)
New:
• Simplified lighting method for select buildings up to
25,000 ft2 (9.3) 4

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Summary of Changes
Lighting Model

• 90.1 lighting methodology used to develop LPAs was

evaluated and model reconstructed
• Now more representative of real-world conditions
• Updated IES recommendations, room cavity ratios,
light loss factors, and efficacy values
• Additional surface reflectance categories added
• Features a 100% LED baseline

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Summary of Changes

Simplified Building Method Compliance Path

• Intended for contractors who design or renovate office,
school, and retail buildings up to 25,000 ft2
• Single interior and exterior LPD targets cover the entire
building; LPAs are lower than other methods
• Requirements occupancy sensor lighting control in most
spaces, with some exemptions where life safety
concerns apply
• All power from all lights must be counted towards the
Interior Lighting Power Allowance – NO EXEMPTIONS

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Interior Lighting Power Allowances
Space-by-Space Method

• Average LPD reduction from 2016:

5% Space-by-Space Method –
Lighting Power Densities
• Space-by-space values are primary (w/sq. ft.)
• Building area method LPDs values Space Type
90.1
2016
90.1
2019

flow from the space-by-space Office, open plan 0.81 0.61

Guest room 0.77 0.41
Lobby, hotel 1.06 0.51
Parking area, interior 0.14 0.15
Retail sales Area 1.22 1.05
Classroom/lecture/training 0.92 0.71
Warehouse, med. To bulky
0.35 0.33
items

LOOK
HERE

Addendum BB 7

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Interior Lighting Power Allowances
Building Area Method

Building Area Method –

• Average LPD reduction from Lighting Power Densities
2016: 5% (w/sq. ft.)
90.1 90.1
Building Type
2016 2019

• BAM values flow from the Office

Hotel/Motel
0.79
0.75
0.64
0.56
space-by-space values Manufacturing Facility 0.90 0.82
Parking Garage 0.15 0.18
Retail 1.06 0.84
School/University 0.81 0.72
Warehouse 0.48 0.45

Addendum CG 8

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

New Compliance Method for Lighting
in Simple Buildings

• Intended for contractors who design or renovate office,

school, and retail buildings up to 25,000 sq. ft.
• Single interior and exterior LPD targets that cover the
entire building, LPAs are lower than other methods
• Requires occupancy sensor lighting control in most
spaces with some exemption where life safety concerns
apply
• All power from all lights must be counted towards the
Interior Lighting Power Allowance ILPA No Exemptions

Addendum BG
9

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

New Compliance Method for Lighting
in Simple Buildings

Addendum BG 10

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

New Compliance Method for Lighting
in Simple Buildings

Addendum BG
11

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Interior and Exterior Lighting Wattage

• Replaced luminaire with lighting equipment

• Changed the term ballast to be ballast/driver
• Section now clearly split into 5 categories:
1. Line voltage lighting equipment
2. Line voltage lighting equipment with remote
ballast/driver
3. Track/plug-in busway
4. Low-voltage track
5. DC low voltage lighting systems with flexible cabling
for plug-in connection of lighting equipment and NEW

remote power supply (e.g., PoE lighting)

• Wattage of a DC low voltage lighting system that employs flexible cabling for plug-in connection of the
lighting equipment and a remote power supply shall be the labeled maximum wattage of the system
power supply
• For systems that also provide power to equipment other than lighting, the wattage shall be the labeled
maximum wattage of the system power supply reduced by the wattage of the non-lighting equipment
connected to the system
Addendum AH 12

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Parking Garage Lighting Control
Requirements

• Increased the stringency of setback in parking

garages – % reduction & time period
• Updated control requirements for transition Parking Garages
lighting 90.1 90.1
2016 2019
• Continuous daylight dimming down to 50% Time 20 10
required for luminaires within 20 ft. of wall Reduction 30% 50%
openings
NEW

• NEW exemptions for permanent architectural screens

or architectural elements that obstruct more than 50%
of the opening and where the top of and existing
adjacent structures or natural objects is at least twice
as high above the openings as its horizontal distance
from the opening.

Addendum CV 13

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Special Applications Lighting and
Controls

• Clarified the lighting control requirements for lighting

applications not specifically covered in Table 9.6.1 and
aligned them to the mandatory control provisions in
9.4.1
In Addition to and
Item
Equipment/Application controlled Separately Required Controls
#
from General Lighting
Lighting that is integral to equipment, medical equipment or No control requirements
1 YES
instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer.
Lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or 9.4.1.1(a) - Local control
2 YES
dental procedures
Lighting integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and
8 YES 9.4.1.1(h) - Automatic full OFF or
freezer cases.
9.4.1.1(i) - Scheduled shutoff
9 Casino gaming areas. NO

Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is 9.4.1.1(a) - Local control and
10 YES
enclosed by ceiling-height partitions. 9.4.1.1(i) - Scheduled shutoff

Addendum AQ
14

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Daylighting Control Requirements

• NEW: Continuous daylight dimming required for NEW

all spaces
–Step dimming (control points) eliminated from
requirements
continuous
• Calibration for automatic daylight responsive controls dimming: a lighting
for sidelighting no longer requires the physical control strategy that
presence of a person at the sensor while processing varies the light output
• Low setting for the photocontrol to reduce electric of a lighting system
lighting power in response to available daylight using over a continuous
continuous dimming set to ‘20% or less or off’ range from full light
• When an automatic partial OFF control has reduced output to a minimum
the lighting power to the unoccupied setpoint, the light output in
daylight responsive control shall adjust the electric imperceptible steps
light in response to available daylight, but it shall not without flickering.
allow the lighting power to be above the unoccupied
setpoint

Addendum CW
15

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Daylighting Zones

NEW
• NEW: Added definition for daylight area under
skylights in multi-story space daylight area under
skylights in multistory
• Added two figures for clarity spaces: the daylight
area under skylights in
• Added an exemption for primary sidelighted multi-story spaces shall
areas adjacent to vertical fenestration that include floor areas
have external projections and no vertical directly beneath the
skylight and portions of
fenestration above the external projection and the uppermost floor
projection factor >1.0 for north-oriented adjacent to the
multistory space that
projections or where the external projection meet the criteria for a
has a projection factor > 1.5 for all other daylight area under
skylights, where CH is
orientations the ceiling height of the
uppermost floor

Addendum CH 16

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Daylighting for Sidelighting
Requirements

• Modified the sidelighting requirements to clarify that the

setback distance is a horizontal measurement
• Added natural objects as obstructions in addition to
existing adjacent structures
• Removed an error that inadvertently set an exact
measurement for an obstruction (instead of saying at
least twice as high above the windows as its horizontal
distance away from the windows)

Addendum CY

17

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Selecting LPDs for Non-Typical
Exterior Areas

• Clarified how to select an LPD for an exterior area not

already listed in Table 9.4.2-2 by moving the language from
9.4.2 to a new explanatory row at the end of Table 9.4.2-2
• Interior LPDs from Table 9.6.1 are referenced and an
appropriate reduction is applied to recognize the reduced
power and illumination needs in exterior applications

Addendum T 18

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 DETAILED INFORMATION

CHANGES TO 90.1-2019 SHOWN IN RED

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Compliance Paths
Power

Building Compliance Requirements

System
Prescriptive
Envelope
Path
Submittal
Requirements
HVAC
Simplified Energy
Mandatory
SWH Provisions
Information Code
and Installation
(required for each
Trade Off Requirements Compliance
compliance path) Option
Power
Verification,
Energy Cost
Testing,
Lighting Budget Inspection &
Commissioning

Other Performance
Rating
Method
20

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8
Power – Scope

• New Buildings
• Additions
• Alterations
• Mandatory Provisions
– Voltage drop
– Automatic receptacle control
– Electrical Energy Monitoring
– Low-Voltage Dry Type Distribution Transformers
• Submittals

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.1.2 – 8.1.4
New Buildings, Additions, and Alterations to
Existing Buildings

• Equipment installed in new buildings or additions to

existing buildings must comply
• Alterations to equipment or systems must comply with
requirements applicable to those specific portions of the
building and systems being altered
• New equipment installed as a direct replacement of existing
equipment must comply with requirements for that equipment
• Exception - Compliance not required for relocation or reuse of
existing equipment at the same site

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.4.1
Voltage Drop

Two types of conductors

• Feeder conductors
– Connect service equipment to the branch circuit breaker panels
• Branch circuit conductors
– Run from the final circuit breaker to the outlet or load
Feeder conductors and branch circuits combined to be sized
for a maximum of 5% voltage drop total

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.4.2
Automatic Receptacle Control

Automatically controlled
≥ 50% of all 125 volt 15- and 20-amp receptacles in:
– Private offices
– Conference rooms
– Rooms used primarily for printing and/or
copying functions
– Break rooms
– Classrooms
– Individual workstations
≥ 25% of branch circuit feeders installed for modular
furniture not shown on construction documents

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.4.2
Automatic Receptacle Control (cont’d)

Automatic control devices must function on:

• Time-of-day controller provided to control ≤ 5,000 ft2 and not more than one floor
(occupant able to manually override up to 2 hours) OR
• Occupant sensor(s) to turn off receptacles within 20 minutes of occupant leaving
the space, OR
• Automated signal from another control or alarm that turns receptacles off within
20 minutes after determining the area is unoccupied

Controlled receptacles must be

• visually marked to differentiate from uncontrolled receptacles
• uniformly distributed throughout the space

Plug-in type devices may not be used to comply with this requirement

Exceptions
• Receptacles designated for equipment requiring 24 hr/day 365
days/yr operation
• Spaces where automatic lighting shutoff would cause security or
safety concerns

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.4.3
Electrical Energy Monitoring

Measurement devices in new building to monitor electrical energy

use for each of these separately:
• Total electrical energy
• HVAC systems
• Interior lighting
• Exterior lighting
• Receptacle circuits

For buildings with multiple tenants, the above must be separately

monitored for total building and for each tenant (excluding shared
systems)

Exception:
• up to 10% of each separate load (other than total) can be from
other electrical loads

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.4.3
Electrical Energy Monitoring – Recording and
Reporting

• Energy use must be automatically recorded a minimum

of every 15 minutes
• Use must be reported at least hourly, daily, monthly, and
annually
• Data for tenants must be made available to that tenant
• The system must be capable of retaining data for at least
36 months

27

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.4.4
Low Voltage Dry-Type Distribution Transformers

• Comply with the Energy Policy Act of 2005

– If not included in scope of EPAct 2005, then no requirements
Exceptions
• If meet EPAct 2005 exclusions based on 10 CFR 431
– Special purpose applications
– Not likely in general purpose applications
– Have multiple voltage taps where highest tap is ≥ 20% more than
lowest tap
• Some specific products are listed

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.6.1
Computer Room Systems

• Power distribution systems and equipment only serving

a computer room with IT equipment load > 10 kW to
comply with Standard 90.4 (Energy Standard for Data
Centers)

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Compliance Paths
Power

Building Compliance Requirements

System
Prescriptive
Envelope
Path
Submittal
Requirements
HVAC
Simplified Energy
Mandatory
SWH Provisions
Information Code
and Installation
(required for each
Trade Off Requirements Compliance
compliance path) Option
Power
Energy Cost Verification,
Testing,
Lighting Budget Inspection &
Commissioning

Other Performance
Rating
Method
30

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.7
Power Submittals

Owner gets information about the

building’s electrical system
• Record drawings of actual installation
within 30 days
– Single-line diagram of electrical
distribution system
– Floor plans showing location and
areas served for all distribution
• Manuals
– Submittal data stating equipment
rating
– O&M manuals for equipment
– Qualified service agency contact
– Complete narrative of system as it’s
normally intended to
operate

31

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Compliance Paths
Power

Building Compliance Requirements

System
Prescriptive
Envelope
Path
Submittal
Requirements
HVAC
Simplified Energy
Mandatory
SWH Provisions
Information Code
and Installation
(required for each
Trade Off Requirements Compliance
compliance path) Option
Power
Verification,
Energy Cost
Testing,
Lighting Budget Inspection &
Commissioning

Other Performance
Rating
Method
32

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 8 – 8.9
Verification, Testing, and Commissioning

Verification and Testing

• Verify and test per 4.2.5.1 that control elements are
configured and operating per 8.4.2 and 8.4.3
– automatic receptacles controls
– energy monitoring
• Verification and Functional Performance Testing
(FPT) documentation per 4.2.5.1
• Commissioning
– energy performance of the power systems per 4.2.5.2
– Reporting per 4.2.5.2.2

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Compliance Paths
Lighting

Building Compliance Requirements

System
Prescriptive
Envelope
Path
Submittal
Requirements
HVAC
Simplified Energy
Mandatory
SWH Provisions
Information Code
and Installation
(required for each
Trade Off Requirements Compliance
compliance path) Option
Power
Verification,
Energy Cost Testing,
Lighting Budget Inspection &
Commissioning

Other Performance
Rating
Method
34

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Basic Lighting Requirements

Mandatory Interior Exterior

Requirements Lighting Power Lighting Power
(Interior and + Limits + Limits
Exterior)
Tradable
Interior
Total

Controls
Connected
Power
< Lighting
Power Exemptions
Allowance
Non-
Switching Tradable
Exemptions Building Area
Efficiency OR Total Exterior

Space-by-Space Connected
Power
< Lighting
Power
Allowance

Additional Allowances

+ Simplified Method 35

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9
Lighting

✓ General Application (Section 9.1)

• Scope
• Lighting Alterations
• Installed Lighting Power
• Interior and Exterior Luminaire Wattage
✓ Compliance Paths (Section 9.2)

✓ Mandatory Provisions (Section 9.4)

• Lighting control
• Exterior lighting power
• Dwelling units

✓ Building Area Method Compliance Path (Section 9.5)

✓ Alternative Compliance Path: Space-by-Space

Method (Section 9.6)

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9
Lighting General Scope

• Interior spaces of buildings

• Exterior lighting powered through
building

Exceptions
• Emergency lighting
• Lighting required by life safety statute
• Decorative gas lighting

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9
Lighting General – Alterations

• Applies to these retrofits:

– where luminaires are added, replaced, or removed
– Replacement of lamp plus ballast in luminaires

• Requires BOTH interior and exterior alterations to comply

with Lighting Power Density (LPD) limits and basic after
hours automatic shutoff requirements

Exception
– Spaces where alterations involve < 20% of connected
lighting load and the LPD for the space is not increased
– Alterations that only involve replacement of lamps plus
ballasts/drivers or only involve one-for-one luminaire
replacement to only comply with LPD requirement and
Section 9.4.1.1(h) and 9.4.1.1(i)
– Routine maintenance or repair situations

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9
Interior Lighting Power

Installed interior lighting power must be ≤ lighting power

allowance

Installed interior lighting power calculation method

• Calculation requirements
• Lots of exemptions

Power allowance calculation methods

• Building area compliance path
• Alternative Compliance Path: Space-by-space method

39

BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9 – 9.1.3
Installed Lighting Power Calculation Requirements
– INTERIOR and EXTERIOR

These requirements apply to both interior and exterior

Installed Lighting Power shall include all power used by the

luminaires, including lamps, ballasts/drivers, transformers,
and controls
• Exception: where two independent lighting systems exist in the
same space or area and are controlled to prevent simultaneous
operation, only the system with the highest total wattage must be
included

Luminaire Wattage for various systems shall be determined

in accordance with details in Section 9.1.4

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9 – 9.1.4
Luminaire Wattage Calculation Requirements

These requirements apply to both interior and exterior

• Wattage of lighting equipment connected to line voltage =

manufacturers’ labeled max. wattage
• Luminaires with ballasts/drivers or transformers = total input wattage
of all components. For luminaires with factory adjustable ballast
factors (not user changeable), apply the ballast factor to be used in
the space)
• Line voltage track = actual wattage with a min. 30 W per foot OR
wattage limit of system’s circuit breaker OR wattage limit of other
permanent-current-limiting device(s) on the system
• Low voltage track = transformer wattage
• DC low-voltage with flexible cabling for plug-in connection and
remote power supply = labeled maximum wattage of power supply
minus wattage of connected non-lighting equipment
• All others as specified on equipment

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Section 9
Installed Interior Lighting Power Calculation
Exemptions
Lighting that does not have to be included in the installed lighting power
calculation:
• Theatrical, stage, broadcast studio, • Exit signs
film, and video production
• Medical and dental procedures • Sale or lighting educational
• Exhibit displays for museums, demonstration systems
monuments, and galleries • Lighting in sporting activity areas for
• Integral to equipment, medical television broadcasting
equipment or instrumentation installed
by manufacturer • Casino gaming areas
• Integral to both open and glass-
enclosed refrigerator and freezer • Furniture-mounted supplemental task
cases lighting
• Retail display windows, provided the
display is enclosed by ceiling-height • For use in areas specifically designed
partitions for life support of nonhuman life forms
• Food warming and food preparation
equipment • Mirror lighting in dressing rooms
• Interior spaces specifically designated • Accent lighting in religious pulpit and
as registered interior historic choir areas
landmarks
• Integral part of advertising or • Parking garage transition lighting
directional signage
• Photographic processes

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Section 9.3
Simplified Building Method Compliance Path

Includes requirements for:

• interior lighting (Section 9.3.1)
• exterior lighting (Section 9.3.2)
(wattage allowances calculated and complied with separately)

• Allowed if at least 80% of floor area is office, retail, or school

• Can be used for new buildings or tenant improvements < 25,000 ft2

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Section 9.3
Simplified Building Method Compliance Path

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Section 9
Building Area Method of Calculating Interior Lighting
Power Allowance

Can be used for entire building or separate building type occupancies

Advantages
• Fewer calculations
Limitations
• Limited building area type selection - use reasonably equivalent type
• Insensitive to specific space functions and room configurations
• Generally more restrictive that space-by-space method
Calculation Process
1) Determine gross lighted area for each building type area using:
• Exterior faces of exterior walls
• Centerline of interior walls
2) Calculate the area power allowance by multiplying the gross lighted area
by the applicable building type allowance from Table 9.5.1
3) Sum all the allowances (if more than one building type area)

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9 – Table 9.5.1
Building Types

Part of Table 9.5.1 shown below.

Complete table in the Standard has 32 different building types

Lighting Power
Building Type
Density (W/ft2)

Automotive Facility 0.75

Convention Center 0.64
Court House 0.79
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 0.80
Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 0.76
Dining: Family 0.71
Dormitory 0.53
Exercise Center 0.72

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Section 9 – 9.6.1
Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Interior
Lighting Power Allowance
Applies to any building configuration by calculating allowances
for individual spaces
Advantages
• More flexible than building area method
• More accurately accounts for actual room lighting power needs
• Provides additional allowances for:
• Difficult room configurations
• Decorative and retail needs
• Use of advanced controls not already required in the standard
Limitations
• More calculations needed (individual spaces)
Calculation Process
1) Determine the gross lighted area of each space type
• include balconies and mezzanines
• Use centerline of walls between spaces
2) Calculate the space power allowance by multiplying the space
type area by the applicable allowance from Table 9.6.1
3) Sum all the allowances
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9 – 9.6.1
Space-by-Space Method of Calculating Subspaces

• If a physical space has multiple functions such

that more than one space type from Table
9.6.1 applies
– Break the space into smaller subspaces
– Use the centerline of interior walls and dividing line between
subspaces to determine subspace areas
– Calculate the allowance separately for each subspace

Exception
• Subspaces with areas less than 20% of the original
space and less than 1000 ft2 do not need to be
broken out separately

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Section 9 – Table 9.6.1
Space-by-Space Allowances

Small part of Table 9.6.1 shown below

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9 – 9.6.2 – 9.6.3
Additional Interior Lighting Power

Decorative and Retail display highlighting

An increase in the lighting power allowance is
allowed for specific decorative and retail
applications when using the space-by-space
method.
Applications must be automatically controlled,
separately from the general lighting, to be turned
off during non-business hours. The additional
allowances can only be used for the additional
lighting equipment – and not general lighting
✓ Decorative luminaires in addition to the general
lighting = 0.75 W/ft2
✓ Retail display lighting = varies by retail type

Advanced Controls
An increase in the allowance is also allowed for
the use of specified advanced controls that are
installed in addition to those already required

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Section 9 – 9.6.2
Additional Retail Display Lighting Allowance

Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance = 1000 watts +

(Retail Area 1 x 0.45 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 2 x 0.45 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 3 x 1.05 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 4 x 1.88 W/ft2),

Where:
Retail Area 1 = the floor area for all products not listed in Retail Area 2, 3 or 4
Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods and
small electronics
Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics
and artwork
Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal, and china.

Other merchandise categories not listed may be included in Retail Areas 2 through
4, provided that justification documenting the need for additional lighting power
based on visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is approved by the
authority having jurisdiction.

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

 Section 9 – 9.6.3
Advanced Controls Incentive

If all mandatory control requirements are met for a space AND

advanced controls are installed in that space, THEN
additional limited lighting power is allowed:
• Additional power can be used anywhere in the building
• Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance is
calculated as
Lighting Power Under Control x Control Factor

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Room Geometry Adjustment – 9.6.4

Room Cavity Ratio Adjustment for relief in unusual space

configurations

• Used only when applying the space by space method

• Calculate the Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for the empty room:
RCR = 2.5 x Room Cavity Height x room perimeter length
room area
(Room Cavity Height = Luminaire mounting height – Workplane height)

• If RCR is greater than the RCR threshold for that space type
from Table 9.6.1, a 20% increase is allowed
• For corridor/transition spaces, a 20% adjustment is allowed
when less than 8 feet wide, regardless of the RCR

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Room Geometry Adjustment

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Room Geometry Adjustment

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES PROGRAM www.energycodes.gov

Section 9.4.1.1
Interior Lighting Controls

For each space type, apply the lighting control functions listed

• If using the Space-by-Space method for LPD requirements,

use same space type for control requirements. For space
types not listed, use a reasonable equivalent
• “REQ” = mandatory
• “ADD1” = at least one of these must be implemented
• “ADD2” = at least one of these must be implemented

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Section 9.4.1.1
Control Functions

• Local control
• Restricted to manual ON
• Restricted to partial automatic ON
• Bilevel lighting control
• Automatic daylight responsive controls for sidelighting
• Automatic daylight responsive controls for toplighting
• Automatic partial OFF (full OFF complies)
• Automatic full OFF
• Scheduled shutoff
• Scheduled OFF during nonbusiness hours

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (a)
Local Control

At least one control that controls all the lighting in

the space
• In spaces ≤ 10,000 ft2, each control serves 2,500 ft2
maximum and in spaces > 10,000 ft2, serves 10,000
ft2 maximum

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (b)
Restricted to Manual ON

No lighting automatically turned on

Exception
• Where manual ON would endanger safety or
security

Typically, users are allowed to

choose to implement this control
or Partial On

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (c)
Restricted to Partial ON

< 50% of general lighting power allowed to be

automatically turned on, and none of remaining
lighting automatically turned on
Exception
• Lighting in open-plan offices allowed to turn on
automatically to > 50% if control zone is ≤ 600 ft2

Typically, users are allowed to

choose to implement this
control or Manual On

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (d)
Bilevel Lighting Control

• General lighting to provide at least one

intermediate step in lighting power or
continuous dimming in addition to full ON and
full OFF
• To have at least one control step between 30%
and 70% (inclusive) of full lighting power in
addition to all off

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (e)
Automatic Daylight Responsive Controls for
Sidelighting

• Apply photocontrols if the combined input power of

all general lighting completely or partially within:
– primary sidelighted areas is ≥ 150 W
– primary and secondary sidelighted areas is ≥ 300 W
– general lighting in secondary sidelighted area controlled
independently of general lighting in primary sidelighted area
• Control system must have following characteristics
– Calibration adjustment located ≤ 11ft above finished floor (no
person needed at sensor while processing)
– Reduce electric lighting in response to available daylight using
continuous dimming to ≤ 20% and off
– When automatic partial OFF control has reduced to unoccupied
set point, daylight responsive control to adjust electric light in
response to available daylight (but not above unoccupied set
point)
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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (e)
Automatic Daylight Responsive Controls for
Sidelighting (cont’d)

Exceptions
• Primary sidelighted areas where top of any
existing adjacent structure is at least twice as high
above the windows as its horizontal distance away
from the windows
• Sidelighted areas where total glazing area is
< 20 ft2
• Retail spaces
• Primary sidelighted areas adjacent to vertical
fenestration with external projections and no
vertical fenestration above projections, where
projection has projection factor (PF)
– > 1.0 if north oriented or
– > 1.5 for all other orientations

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.4
Daylight Zone Definition – Primary Sidelighted Area

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.4
Daylight Zone Definition – Secondary
Sidelighted Area

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.4
Daylight Zone Definition –
Project Factor

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (f)
Automatic Daylight Responsive Controls for
Toplighting (cont’d)

• Apply photocontrols if the combined input

power of all general lighting completely or
partially under daylight areas under skylights
and daylight areas under roof monitors is ≥ 150
W. Photocontrols must:
– Calibration adjustment located ≤ 11ft above finished floor (no
person needed at sensor while processing)
– Reduce electric lighting in response to available daylight using
continuous dimming to ≤ 20% and off
– When automatic partial OFF control has reduced to unoccupied set
point, daylight responsive control to adjust electric light in response to
available daylight (but not above unoccupied set point)
– Control overlapping toplighted and sidelighted daylight areas
together with general lighting in the daylight area under skylights
or daylight areas under roof monitors
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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (f)
Automatic Daylight Responsive Controls for
Toplighting

Exceptions
• Daylight area under skylights where
documented that existing adjacent structures or
natural objects block direct sunlight fore > 1500
daytime hours per year between 8am and 4pm
• Daylight area under skylights where overall
skylight effective aperture for enclosed space is
< 0.006
• In each space within buildings in Climate Zone 8
where input power of general lighting within
daylight areas is < 200 W

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (f)
Daylight Zone Definition:
Under Rooftop Monitors

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1
Daylight Zone Definition:
Under Skylights

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (f)
Daylight Zone Definition:
Under Skylights

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (g)
Automatic Partial OFF (Full OFF Complies)

• Automatically reduce general lighting power by at least

50% within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving the
space
Exceptions
• Space has LPD < 0.80 W/ft2
• Space is lighted by High-Intensity Discharge technology
• General lighting power in space is automatically reduced
by ≥ 30% within 20 minutes of all occupants leaving the
space
• Lighting load ≤ 0.02 W/ft2 multiplied by gross lighted area
of the building

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (h)
Automatic Full OFF

• All lighting automatically shut off within 20 minutes of all

occupants leaving the space
• Control device to control < 5,000 ft2
Exceptions
• Shop and lab classrooms
• Areas where auto shutoff causes safety or security
concerns
• Lighting for 24/7 operation
• Lighting load < 0.02 W/ft2 multiplied by the gross lighted
floor area
Typically, users are allowed to
choose to implement this control
or Scheduled Shutoff
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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (i)
Scheduled Shutoff

Control lights on a scheduled basis (automatic time switch)

• Time-of-day controller or
• Signal from another control or alarm

Controller or system provide independent control sequences that

• Controls ≤ 25,000 ft2
• Not more than one floor
• Accounts for weekend and holidays

Manual override control

• < 2 hours during scheduled off
Typically, users are allowed
• Control ≤ 5,000 ft2
to choose to implement this
Exceptions control or Automatic Full Off
• Lighting for 24/7 operation
• Patient care spaces
• Areas where auto shutoff causes safety or security concerns
• Lighting load ≤ 0.02 W/ft2 multiplied by gross lighted area of the building

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.1 (j)
Scheduled OFF During Nonbusiness Hours

Lights scheduled off at end of business hours

using either
• Time-of-day control automatically turns
lighting off as programmed OR
• Signal from another automatic control or
alarm/security system

Any manual, override control to not turn lighting

on > 2 hours during scheduled off

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.2
Parking Garage Lighting Control

• Automatic lighting shutoff per 9.4.1.1(i)

• Must reduce lighting power by minimum of 50% when no activity is
detected for 10 minutes within a lighting zone
≤ 3,600 ft2
• Parking garage daylight transition lighting exempt per Section
9.2.3.1 to be separately controlled to automatically reduce lighting to
no more than general light level from sunset to sunrise

• Automatically reduce power through continuous dimming in

response to daylight for luminaires within 20 ft of any perimeter wall
openings totaling at least 24 ft2

Exceptions
• Parking garage daylight transition lighting exempt per 9.2.3.1
• Where permanent screens or architectural elements obstruct > 50%
of opening
• Where top of any existing adjacent structure or natural object is at
least twice as high above the openings as its horizontal distance
from opening
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Section 9 – 9.4.1.2
Parking Garage Lighting Control

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 Section 9 – 9.4.1.3
Control of Special Applications

Special applications separately controlled from

general lighting
• Display or accent lighting
• Case lighting
• Demonstration lighting

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.3
Control of Special Applications

• Guestroom lighting and switched

receptacles to be turned off within
20 minutes of occupants leaving the
space
– Exception: where captive key systems
used
• Bathrooms controlled to
automatically turn off lighting within
30 minutes of occupants leaving
space
– Exception: night lighting not > 5W
• Supplemental task lighting
controlled by
– Controller integral to the luminaires OR
– Local control independent of general
lighting control (and per 9.4.1.1(h) and
(i)
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Section 9 – 9.4.1.4
Mandatory Exterior Lighting Control

• Lighting must turn off when there is sufficient daylight

• Building façade and landscape lighting must be shut off between
– midnight or business closing (whichever is later) and
– 6am or business opening (whichever comes first) OR
– times established by AHJ
• Power for other lighting and lighting for signage to be automatically
reduced by at least 50%
– From midnight or within 1 hour of end of business operations (whichever
is later) and until 6am or business opening (whichever is earlier) OR
– During any period when no activity has been detected for a time no
longer than 15 minutes
• Luminaires serving outdoor parking areas with rated input wattage >
78 W and mounting height of ≤ 24 ft above ground
– Lights must automatically reduce power of each luminaire by > 50%
when no activity is detected in the area for 15 minutes or less
– Limited to 1500 W of lighting controlled together

Exceptions
• Covered vehicle entrances
• Exits from buildings or parking structures
(where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation)
• Lighting integral to signage and installed by manufacturer

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Section 9.4.2
Exterior Lighting Power

Exterior Building Lighting Power must meet prescribed

power limits.
• The total exterior lighting power allowance is the sum
of the base site allowance plus individual lighting
power densities (LPD) for the applicable “lighting
power zone”
• Trade-offs are allowed only among “Tradable
Surfaces” applications
• Some exemptions apply

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Exterior Lighting Power Zones

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 Section 9
Tradable Exterior LPDs

Exterior
applications are
divided into 2
categories:

Tradable:
allowed wattage
may be traded
among these
applications

Non-Tradable:
allowed wattage
cannot
be traded
between surfaces
or with other
exterior lighting

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Section 9 – 9.4.2
Exterior Lighting Power Exemptions

The following are exempt when equipped with separate

controls:
• lighting that is integral to signage and installed by its manufacturer;
• lighting for athletic playing areas;
• lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation
sites, and associated storage areas;
• theme elements in theme/amusement parks;
• lighting used to highlight features of public monuments, public art
displays, and registered historic landmark structures or buildings;
• lighting for water features;
• specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with
transportation;
• lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is
installed by its manufacturer;
• lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film,
and video production;
• temporary lighting;
• lighting for hazardous locations;
• lighting for swimming pools;
• searchlights.
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Section 9 – 9.4.3
Dwelling Units

• Dwelling units (apartment, condo, living

space, etc.) must be built so that at least 75
percent of the permanently installed lighting
fixtures utilize lamps with an efficacy of at
least 55 lm/W, or have a total luminaire
(fixture) efficacy of at least 45 lm/W
– Exceptions:
• Lighting that is controlled with dimmers or
automatic control devices
• Hotel/motel guest rooms [those requirements
covered in Table 9.6.1 and Section 9.4.1.3(b)]
• Applies to 4 story above grade multi-family
(3 story and below not in scope of 90.1)
• Other common spaces in the building must
follow standard 90.1 Requirements.

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Compliance Paths
Lighting

Building Compliance Requirements

System
Prescriptive
Envelope
Path
Submittal
Requirements
HVAC
Simplified Energy
Mandatory
SWH Provisions
Information Code
and Installation
(required for each
Trade Off Requirements Compliance
compliance path) Option
Power
Verification,
Energy Cost
Testing,
Lighting Budget Inspection &
Commissioning

Other Performance
Rating
Method
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Section 9 – 9.7
Submittals

• Record drawings, to include for each piece of lighting

equipment:
• Location
• Luminaire identifier
• Control
• Circuiting
• Operation and maintenance manuals
• Daylighting documentation
• Identify all general lighting located within daylight areas under
skylights, daylight areas under roof monitors as well as primary
sidelighted areas and secondary sidelighted areas

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Compliance Paths
Lighting

Building Compliance Requirements

System
Prescriptive
Envelope
Path
Submittal
Requirements
HVAC
Simplified Energy
Mandatory
SWH Provisions
Information Code
and Installation
(required for each
Trade Off Requirements Compliance
compliance path) Option
Power
Verification,
Energy Cost Testing,
Lighting Budget Inspection &
Commissioning

Other Performance
Rating
Method
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Section 9 – 9.9
Verification, Testing, and Commissioning

• Functional testing (calibrated/adjusted/programmed) of

lighting control devices and systems required within 90
days of occupancy
– Must be performed by individuals NOT involved in design,
manufacture, or installation
– For occupancy sensors:
• Certify location and aiming per manufacturer recommendation
• Test all sensors if project ≤ 7
• If > 7 sensors, test for each unique combination of sensor type and space
geometry and verify
– Status indicator
– Lights turn off or down to permitted level within required time
– Auto-on – lights turn on to permitted level when someone enters the
space
– Manual on – lights turn on only when manually activated
– Lights aren’t incorrectly turned on by movement in nearby areas or by
HVAC operation

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Section 9 – 9.9
Verification, Testing, and Commissioning (cont’d)

– For automatic time switches:

• Confirm programmed schedules
• Document schedules for owner
• Verify correct time and date are set
• Verify any battery backup is installed and energized
• Verify override time limit set to ≤ 2 hours
• Simulate occupied condition and verify and document:
– Lights turn on and off with respective switches
– Switch only operates lights in enclosed space where switch is
located
• Simulate unoccupied condition and verify and document:
– All nonexempt lights turn off
– Manual override only operates lighting where it is located
– For daylighting controls
• Properly located, field-calibrated, and set to have appropriate
setpoints and threshold light levels
• Daylight controlled lighting loads adjust to correct levels with available
daylight
• Location where calibration adjustments are made is readily accessible
only to authorized personnel
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Section 4 – 4.2.5
Verification, Testing, and Commissioning

Referenced 9.9 testing and commissioning refers to 4.2.5

New in 2019: Central FPT & Commissioning requirements

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Section 4 – 4.2.5
Verification, Testing, and Commissioning

Referenced 9.9 testing and commissioning refers to 4.2.5

4.2.5 Verification, Testing, and Commissioning

4.2.5.1 Verification and Testing (V&T)
– V&T provider qualifications
– V&T requirements in construction documents
– Functional Performance Testing (FPT) & Verification
Documentation
4.2.5.2 Commissioning (Cx) (unless Excepted)
– Cx provider qualifications
– Cx plan, design review, requirements in construction documents
– Preliminary and Final Cx report includes FPT & verification

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Section 4 – 4.2.5.2
Exceptions to Commissioning
Where to FPT & Cx requirements apply
Simple Complex All
buildings Buildings Buildings
(<10k conditioned < 25,000 ft2 ≥ 50,000 ft2
ft2, warehouse, or
Except
Simple HVAC
path < 25k ft2) Warehouse
Verification, FPT Required Required Required
Pre- & Design phase Cx NR Required Required
Construction Phase Cx NR Required Required
• 80% of US buildings are exempt from commissioning requirements
• Verification and functional performance testing (FPT) required
throughout
• Pre- & design-phase Cx saves energy and cost by catching issues
early
• 90.1 Cx requirements only apply to 90.1 standard requirements
• Verification that the design substantially meets 90.1 included

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