CURS 3 BP
În cadrul proiecțiilor ortogonale:
- axonometria isometrica
- axonometria dimetrica
- axonometria trimetrica
În cadrul proiecțiilor oblice:
- cavaliera
- cabinet
- militara
Fiecare tip de axonometrie ofera diferite puncte de vedere si pune emfaza pe aspecte
diferite ale obiectului reprezentat.
Ca tip de reprezentre combina plastica desenului perspectiv cu precizia desenului tehnic
(dimensiune, scara etc.).
Axonometriile comunica forma si/sau relatiile spatiale ale unui obiect printr-o singura
imagine.
Caracteristici:
- orice dimensiune paralela cu una din cele trei axe poate fi masurata in functie de coefi-
cientul de reducere cu care a fost scalat deseneul in planul de proiectie.
de sus în jos
de jos în sus
There are several types of paraline drawings, each named after the
method of projection that is used to develop them. Two of the most
common in architectural drawing are discussed in this chapter:
isometrica isometric and oblique drawings.
In both isometric and oblique drawings:
• All parallel lines in the subject remain parallel in the drawing.
• All lines parallel to the principal X-Y-Z- axes can be measured and
drawn to scale.
The images that emerge from oblique projections are distinct from
isometric views that develop from orthographic projection. The
ease with which we can construct an oblique drawing has a powerful
appeal. If we orient a principal face of the subject parallel to the
picture plane, its shape remains true and we can draw it more
easily. Thus, oblique views are especially convenient for representing
an object that has a curvilinear, irregular, or complicated face
Isometric Drawings
• All three principal sets of planes share equal emphasis.
• The angle of view is slightly lower than that of plan obliques.
dimetrica • Plans and elevations cannot be used as base drawings.
trimetrica
Plan Obliques
• The principal set of horizontal planes oriented parallel to the
elevation oblique picture plane is emphasized and can be represented in true size,
cavaliera plan oblique shape, and proportion.
cabinet militara • Plan views can be used as base drawings—a definite advantage
when drawing horizontal planes with circular or complex shapes.
• Plan obliques have a higher angle of view than isometric drawings.
Elevation Obliques
• The principal set of vertical planes oriented parallel to the
picture plane is emphasized and can be represented in true size,
shape, and proportion. The other vertical set and the principal
horizontal set of planes are both foreshortened.
• An elevation can be used as a base drawing. This view should be
of the longest, the most significant, or the most complex face of
the object or building.
Isometric drawings establish a lower angle of view
than plan obliques and give equal emphasis to the
three principal sets of planes.
They preserve the relative proportions of a subject or
scene and are not subject to the distortion inherent in
oblique views.
• To construct an isometric drawing, first establish
the direction of the three principal axes. Because
they are 120° apart on the picture plane, if we
draw one axis vertically, the other two axes make a
30° angle with a horizontal on the drawing surface.
Hermann Bollmann, New York Map, 1963.
Wang Hui, Kangxi Emperor s Southern Inspection Tour, Scroll Seven, 1689 detail.
Carlo Scarpa, Sketch for Castelvecchio, 1962–1964.
Rietveld Schröder House
Rem Koolhaas, The City of the Captive Globe Project, 1972.
John Hejduk (1929–2000), Project A, 1969
Linear perspective is valid only for monocular
vision. A perspective drawing assumes that the
observer sees through a single eye. We almost
never view anything in this way. Even with the head
in a fixed position, we see through both eyes, which
are constantly in motion, roving over and around
objects and through ever-changing environments.
Thus, linear perspective can only approximate the
complex way our eyes actually function.
Still, linear perspective provides us with a method
for correctly placing three-dimensional objects in
pictorial space and illustrating the degree to which
their forms appear to diminish in size as they
recede into the depth of a drawing. The uniqueness
of a linear perspective lies in its ability to provide
us with an experiential view of space. This distinct
advantage, however, also gives rise to the difficulty
often connected with perspective drawing. The
challenge in mastering linear perspective is
resolving the conflict between our knowledge of
the thing itself—how we conceive its objective
reality—and the appearance of something—how
we perceive its optical reality—as seen through a
single eye of the observer.
Francesco Borromini's Galleria at Palazzo Spada, Roma, 1653
Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s Scala Regia in Vatican, 1663-1666
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[Link] conoce-el-diseno-ganador-de-nuevo-centro-deportivo-y-cultural-en-el-parque-fontanar-del-rio-
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