Titers) _conpasition s— | exturel compasition. s-
(Gt)
- = iP * “
G kt open { \ a i
Atb=C L (
~ aa | 7
Zo Interna} \ec
. CEA) epson :
: Vector space - > tn get whos wits —>veRr | ©» Feild
SK bnsce. ment scatare “Te det v called wevic. par He freld .
Va soditfyieg th follbadtg — conditiag : —
u I ‘
G) w+) is an _ abliteon grout
BCH) Vin ced rane extemal” prapocih'en, (+)
Pa alauw © v | : a,b ER | Feed
(A) uvey ra
() wey a Voi wet -
@ 3) AbUcon ae
=» 4. UtV = vu % Commutative
‘u+Wew)= (Uiew. Asscouuttve
ut(u=D =CUrU Additive imveree | -Lew
4.
2 O+4=4= Yt _OEV pine Tntity element Yad
a :
p50) = UO gS Diente
6
-
e
See ever addi fox
_@b)u = afpy ae ae Scalar Sone
AUS {7 muuttipltatfve fale °C Salar
(a+b) = au+bu-O vase. ard C\ Ireure. php
lt 2 =(0.45) = Z
(ou ,0,) r{b.,>») . se
¥ (ao) & 4
eév
he u< (&,%)
a(o,9,) = (04, , % 95
aa) Ble bs = é
ate bia Cvinudative = { ) 1
aN (ath) + oe
tt _O°@.,0,) « (bb) aoe Rb) Bieta na Xb tbo) &R
ath > [Link] {4 +h) (9. (x4p) a at oe
as Cd Sau “F A, P Sen
Hep test Leys) et o(aa,) Po Senlan
ees SS (K+ P) (a2)
Gane 94640) -@tb)ec
nes “a,) b=bbs) ex GG),
(ur) [Link]) ¥@., 5) (Gareth ace +
(40,44) +(o.B + eda)
4a + pe evpeelin ——
A) palin gap —oelmge aly, Melee Gp F Diol som a ee
2)? Mbesian te nip 4 N
a. ( b#t)= abtac plata ” hoa, f SCXD wine F oan wan
commits all huh'ne , th c+ © Maan q
Multtfltti was arn YC © Magn
er ar atou |
Gergen vo. (64,0) —¥ freld A Elementary propertiet - 4 re.
(RS —> vacror spae RUC) Pine wot spl aer Bev
ver. ace
acy
pic airs pon EP? (ancev)
“N sane
tx
at0 Se KT us arte
rak- OB VW OF ov pev
ado eer.
P=
te)4e Vester subspace
neneemphy_ suet (~)
W> Set A au omer
S Ont tonya
wi V. Subrpace 4
Wik pba
) caaion_secruary
W. > sutspare . [gier)
7VEW > ay EW
vew 9 bv EW
not?
A= (2,4,,2.) 5 2
urd,
Ma tYe a sD.
ac 2} BU % 214424)
(a.,-y¢ 19%) (a, bys . bz).
(Q%, +b, Yt hyp 5 a2 bZ,)
@. (864 bug Hoy, tyra 7, +bZ a)
= AC ty], ) tt oO tte)
= 40) + b(0) ‘
ein > 2+ bpew| we {eazy x20f
Be ae (a du%) Pz (%4,,2,) ew
abe MRO, A,zO
Bee A(t. t)+ Haase.)
= (Gutbi , ay, thy, -a%,+b20__))
but Oastas. ag Denese.
Sy Wis mat tusbspnce. ¢d IR:
wh Wel na) Orgs! F,
Mt kK: (1.00). BE
(12) ew Rare
Ok bp
a(,0,0) + b(0,1/0)
(a, 0,0) so, 0)
+ hod =e ae mag ott Shy
\ Seg ee
90, Wis nok Aube een
G. w-Ltgz)i 142 aw ratimae},
td. «= (x,4,,2,) Aa. 4y,22) wf abe
oy Ay, Yt Be Gt hat
ie ea
20,42.) of > Ma ,Z)
Soe 144702,) +l #hycchts)
ae ee a a ogi
re: fut that
ad+bp> 0 (a4,,2,) + b(x
Camb,
(out) =
1a Za.)
AY A bys y A%Ab7a
AX tbe + az, +b2.
1 Z a(att)+ bart)
i Bae ap
ay tye t Bayby, ae al? tb
O. w= [e42)* wy zeR
= Lap Gey Zy
Auth Lab
=ow
Net subsp!
> dasay—42. =o,
= Ta4aize EW deR
2a, +34) “AZ =O
ae
anthBs a (%y Yip 2) + C27 Yop
+ (ann oy fae aa Be
2 (amt, ) sed “Yi thy, )— ae 45D)
a ae rst UG UT
a (2m 434, 0 “tb Cana Shes) EO ET> Propet pf Vecbr subsp.
Ow. & Wy —> Toe subspaces ¢{ y over fete F
SS WyAW, tb ale cuncpand ad vA
2 wets A subspace 4 V
creer spate
Wy. AN,
Ly TW _u_olio dupspau
©. unm gf too cutepaws- WA Wa TW? Subspee qa
We wuw, iu Vector dubspace eo Hf wc,
or Woo Ww.
Wi Wy, > Nt Subcpa te
WU Wa 22 WCW, of Wg SW, > Subp w
4 Linear combination. { Ve Gor.
45 OS ee AG)
Oy, Oy ..-On €
a %
Saiki = OK, + Oy H: Oaeky,
Tf hy Ayan Bo. Oe not Untery indepenclont thew xX eaih
a Spal sit
Let {n, # ( fa weer
LM) =fet
ot SW ob ty wbspa ces oe
q
two cupspaces —a_y(F), Te _Hincor
Wyk Ww, ted by Wirw, and,
at
wire Ate 2x Ew, ond pe wal
Remar Wy +", i¢ vector subcpoce | V(F)
Prof u
Let 5B, EWM, % a, ber
> hE Gtx) UV % pew
P= (pite,) J By Wo
adtbe a (4+4,) + & (B,+Bo)
(asirop, {ee thf) 2 BEM
ua} vot _ => Ax, tha ew,
> _aKshp © w,tWr As, Pee
OA, eb EW)
rene peed
W,+W, 4 dubspaite a vr)4 pirect San Gude pat
Let W, K wy aM two subspreut yf eve). “Own
ges Es Avs denoted py UL w@r>]
Frery’ elenvnt yw, © Wa the
dum vector
vmbrpely —peprstrtall ad 0 ine
Ww,
v Ky+ x
Ve Wew
andition fh oe
ove thin by defination
ve Ww
Neo, ket WOW, #0 > KEW, Ow,
)
2 KS Kt0 > new,ow, [ny
pe aA ecw news (Xx if
dificabion » Ute blement WOW, u ie
Undin h duidet = A ws tw ¢ ate | 4
To snow Y= iO Wy
2 Wy Ae VD damp
Led paccbie KEV > A> + By ee
Cath 18, pew,
a ze
PRPs Ay Be
tate a Boh
T d sunset fF) thw
Prov
Ri Let a, }
Eat ace AC £¢L(1)
Ls fons Ine Y arer %
Let amy K€ LOS) «thm by defination. a Le),
Ko DAT dnt thin fe ae e Vv
BO oe, Se ee RET) eG fir we
DP AH, +Oacat--. $Anm%m €& UT)
SS CW Gaopree
Hence
Poveq
or eitr)
us) e LG)Bera Per, aly t <
Chem ah ey pane Ky ET pees )
andy
Liss Lom, han Onan ore 4
Het wy of Ls) pun by aefation Los)
Ke BK tM uy Onkn for aver
pe A An ET Geeat)
Fr TOK +... t Anan @ ber:
Ce LOD) iy subepace. gover
DK A tO
i x € L(t)
2 Les) © LT)
+ aindy & LUT) |
@_ sh wuspaw qv ws
Ces eee Tx, oa.)
T= { i, Pa-~ Bot
Now, te wl show Q L(sut) © Leys cr)
QW 1L@+ U0) ¢ LesuT).
bt etal
thin yg oe ete ae
Fon i er
of tf
Ayein by aepination 1 LCs) andl
f |
ae € LCS)
Ira r(s)+ Lr) i
E (sut)S ESL). yy
ein Nt aw eels) + Lr)
ur _<_by__dtination of Gagh fue ye Lis) § eeu
bt i q
me ytZ
ae Fore + BP
& Os fe sur
> ae L(sut)
LOtLo)_f CGT)
fon 6 40,
bey, dafieation
$ Yo Barker |
z= Spy | yet
LGUs L@risy caOT
©
sinw. 4 Sth tubopace 4 ve) thon
Kis)="s
$e, ee ee
L(bes))= LQ)
Sees
eT = &>
LIS) Gebopo ce { NCB
4 Linear Thdepenclence
det VIR)! vector copa e a Ss Pea Me. an S
bea finite det vectors pf} v(F). Tan the
Vetter Op 5 9 02.4% ton! to te Cisay Fraepeodent 4.
for Cralors 4,, 05 an €F.
Vator compivation ,
Shen Ki. An LT
Tf atleast: ene a Fo HW vettors og, dy wn
LO
he, cabled —_Livuahly _Sependont
are)
nag TF two vectors ae fineatl
Om Can be mb
ber 4, p ia tees
dun
ees
maultiple. { ee
St aktbe=0 |
Ht a4
pp> - 0K
oP
B: + At
Q. x= 2) 4a (24,0)
%, Lr or Ln=?
sol"
Mt @, 99,94 EF and
Oh 105% t Asky + Ayuky =O
42,3) + 05(1,0-0)+ a2 (01,0) +4; (0,04)=0
(Aitds , 20,405, 2a, +44) =©,0 >
$a,+0,20
Gyan 34,
2940370
O,+% =O
Gg = 20,
a = -%
Mt Qy=1
Qg=-1RonRIA) = 72. (nv. of unkna)
= >_taisient 5 wwe tk fo"
eo, yee, Z=0
Linen Tndepenoleut
Ren wos. a pnkneanl’)
Consist Wore inte. ool
G Lrarorly
{ Depenctever
Gia
ts fos bone ae
vector from the vector spaw
‘dheorem_ 1: The yector cep cat cra
clipeodeut:
0.070 (a#s)
<L contain’ng —Lne |
. set 9 vectors {Vy, ve,
ero vedbe Ly Lineatly dependence
mirjud oC
i. 7 |
Thenyem 2% (oe pact of Uinearly —Tncleperonce cop |
isha Fraulein qt |
Sef kn} <— Lr
Non zero. Value q scaist_|
OK Oy hy Pee OK. Nei rey t t ney thar ees ote i Bae os dopenslent |
SS Qeags.. = 968A =~ = In 20
i em S53 A set {oy dy} af non-zero vectors af a
Paso, ay Oeac Vectors spa yi D. oth te field 4 da
bs ony Tf fo come 4 > the eM Uo bina
' Conhtfuation’ @f te Peteding vectors Ay yeaa fin
Tore 3; Eve fupeyut. ¢ a Lincerly depending | the bet 2 r
4 veotore U nzenly Npeptastonct |
| > ta ss {aia a, be a set tt L.D:_non-2ew
oe may <0. vectors cor ME) as eF
uu
Wik 0,4 et OA, oP ae 149a-Ky $ 05% t= + Cinta =O
Oy Qy> = On FO <— ew lp
9.4... 0, —2 Net all zero,
Oy a? i Not ol sulk zero, ———_() |
DKF Oy tn OPAC OK pAOK nt = t Ole, 2
Oey 2 Suppose K i the least _pecitive ee puch “tact
2
Bee ee a eS Day FAAnyg? --- = UFO dnd 4
eee 5 i 4 one ore =
rc
Repay pee Oko Re MgtAd)
Ma, + % + Opp Ho
Aa, + TOp%p La v(F for a field fF
- Ihe t } i dks ogy
Gre tes A +o, 1 ce sg
=> Mee =) [ar ds4¢ Oe K, 5.) \, = +
\ t meng Be Mneor
- mbinatio te -elenung VI 5
be erxmeued as Urea Combinasion tp (al |
precec vector [only 1b. ypttoe] . qe wt vEV hip ton yh
MN : Ve Am tan, $2, 4, Ay ayy «er, |
Cmvere — \ x |
Kp sik “VECtof s fen that, / AM can have gape
A But no, erect 2
Ap 1 Ont: + Ap hp, {e | {
4 4 no. 4 elonrenty basis Lat cabled cLimentin
Gy + ORs t= + Op, May + Clk, = 0 s 4 wl) .
ts 3 2
} Nake-ain-yem imi) = 1 < im above. exangle.
Chil, x, % kp ae Lindanly Dependent . etree! %
bec hw” in -1¢0 am p> oT FD mein Rae eer oY
DP sunset se vedet ic Ko, Digger ie | ' Toa lh, atleast ow zero weiter the dep as anys
ako fing, Pepedenct.
Linaaaty pepenalnt (tis det conned, “forms atu.
RR) > wetor space
EE Pay Accent etme Be in(e")=n- |
415 [0,857 Ant ers)
An > Cot, 90.cant _ Rational Microtel
6. F ad _ ff folie Vector pa
feloshep Vector
ss gqanetend--nstiin. (e
v= RIE
wz tatelt , avert
,
ows se faz}
@O ara
+4 G =
deo
@ HE Stu fo V Les)= vcr),
= HA) We Gn WHR 1 Gath
qs
Pat aoe
Ioffe -y aT Gas
Cree zr]
® =e
@ pap amy prrment A eatin Vv
in teem a $neod_Combinah' t bagi
4rat= 40)+ Ki)
Ht JZ > Sar"
eae = FO+K ty
net O88fe 6 5
aG)+t a, 92 =0
Or +O, Je = oF Oi { i
ea Ow ek An eo.
ee ee
ootdinaly — vie)
(2:52) = alti!) +a, (012,32) + 93 (22,
‘ast
Trefiiie dimensional sas,
be Sr? climumaional Vector pace
S{€,Gn. Go} 4 eat
veVv
Me OG. Ostytencit Myén | Ae oager
SG ceortiata
Vero yz (4,5,-2)
62 fie lD) zi
C2 = (2,29 ea fast
Cg (0/21)
Find coordinates fon =
Me O10 +0, + Ane,‘ Ay +30,7% )
(4, , a,r2a, $243, % A
5 Ot 2%=%
0, +20, +245
da, sas =b poaeae a=
Rata
3 a.
@
for cath. faite
“Theorem +. “There exists _
dimensional “vechr_S
pues
ia Loe,
Paes vr) = Le) Se fist mttion
tet S2 {a t-- Ant er ae, vi
: [7 = SU baat i :
Tf uw e Not ns thon we hone jo. bhav TSH
BA ges & ie beewis vz LG1)- grit: (atest as
i “SS ey st) ae
A Sit be a
Oe n> 8S AIA Mone ea tel Ss ee
Ds ee [Link], ay
hp= bit bde%er-- bay Zr bry Daath EA fee eee
| + Mer) = 653)
Se
vie) = Ls) Be bea
uevTHarem: vf) —> vc. k Geacted by finite Aubcet
Sod v vs
Sea or.
V(F)=
veV
ve Oa, 40.
L(s)
/( 130)
Ast Onn
HLL @. cet af ayectors (WV) covdedtt ret move
Han m Fusact
Teeren’ VCP) it fintte amensional vecinr spnce there
we _bagis f M0. nos some no 4
i
(ENA PEA BN CLD)
Ae tag yal] v= L(a)
Two badly d vir),
@_ vz L(6) Reker
nsm
@ v= L(A) Baby
MSN
eran (W tr Pata
\
n m an y
Yeas vectors
paws crs | | » ba Lr in RT hs
WiNW, > bu > fur, 4,
ea ee RW eT
ee a is ha
; cs => ota cone
batt ye wri ts
So Fujiya Vi Va VW wa oe: Wane
ne
7
tx-hym—n —_climliv,) + elPanl W, ) - alin (ty) + dim (wa)
Oe et Re-R,
pi =a al ie) 1-1
4 2 Vo 2 peels i
ram]
3 a
ert plan ha | cael eee
2, [2 fee Bor lees eee
HG you_tave veers (M,Vr-~ Va). feta basis for the RR rR, i f bb 6 9° Ram fac?
s joe Yen vectors, de the _efollnote 1210
pee fey be Rd ie
© fore the Lien combination ta 1] fC] ee
2) cmbtrut tht corupndiog ge wnat os kes \ — ee
3). . ae
“ep te maahie ob REI
4 fe wees im te orignal) waktx corresperdlig
40 Coloumns fin the ppsuceeh ictrix that canta’
esding slo (fue fest rm revo elemeact i tin Peo Ue ‘ =
i 48. Find fre afatriion
by the
41) {013-327
dade posh for the
C221, 1,0)
8. chad that
specter (1,9, 1)
| Abou yf RE
PS);
QAUr21) + 62/0) + 0 (1,-1,2)
(1, 29, a> + (2b, bod a(c -6,2¢) =O
Q+IbEC , Datbe-Cy atoe = ove
vee ar2brc ~0 ane oe ge
ss alOtb-t =
_ Re Rak Tes ot @ -2ct2cO)+e20 eee —Se p
— Ra kehe ee | @ercz0
pee. On ate 0) oe
Dee.
%
: a CD aeMPI) 5 fo33), u, 33) tN
ar ee = ae
CdD + b(0,31)4eCues ° ey
Qtl= oO 2A t2y4-S6 Bt bs Ce -
{ —+
pete ie
ee 7 | af i
“ uw) o-be qu
(tao. 2 2h be eee
oe 3 =| Pare R ae
[ee AOn tg ine at in vale]. _b
wees 4 h@) wy
e ss Ze -uad + Axn-nyer 1
BH em) element Giey.2) 7 Re SE +3
St oes A (12,1) + b(% 51) el, -0 3) | ia eg oe 2
or -
Att= % % 24436 == 6 "54 tyt9c22, Pr sot. are mO) eee
0) aera
~ 9 Mt 2 3a ee
2 ——-@ aoe \e
2 Ora = }
abc in ROT Ala
mee. ce, Caen veyColowmn Spa Nut) space
mxn
the
rast, tue
vectors af
PW LA).
‘ eG |
a \ a asl
|
ae fet
Shins a eta
Ben a5 eas Sal
fz fou, a, in) foo Weetort
te ee
ee Tey he
MO) > spunred
o ~The Subipare
A__ (3 cabled
Ry,
Ra Ask,
Ru > Ry tRy
Rim R48
Bo Ry RpTal
R> Ri PR ge! [r) 3 0 LO. BT
RoR, +2k2% Rl O oO ff ae By y A cpstion
foe 2 o o fy < Notlach
eo Oe Pee | Arad
Whtn U RReF Af fee Aes ate ex ano, On.
Bove -for foo [a )= Re’ Es |
ate y ( J men
Ro
Ra.
O. Find Hue puwtt—spa ce th
Bouts fw i“
vole
es |
a Bry.
PH oui for raw(n)—> nom-2er -veos fr RRER
gr Pass tor cel(AD—> piet-Leloumn in RAEL
¥ die Rew Re Coloumn Rent oe a
pe feed elemind 4 coulf)~ Rood Rank of A
po. 4 Badd plenatut q col{n)= Column pA Be1g = at Sy =0 > a,
A Dimongion.
Sum Subspace
q
we kW o
“Then ap
wi W-we-- fo}
obi wry)
‘onal Vector spate
be tS ae
“li
= dion (=i) 4-00. dln (ws)
At 2h 30% = dint)
Oe INC esenie
Wr =
Wi, = j le,a-00)y ;
idin vs
dim (wer) = elim w+ aim Wh —
Te ee ee Ao VaR,
chfon (wy, Awe)8
Basu
fer tte reut
cpaG) (
A. x; 1 Y t |
|
|
ne]
|
>», \ \
* +, | i
J a &
- Ra ‘ :
- Ry es
6 2
A .
a if) See
YA 8, > einat | a
Rs > Rs= 2h °
090 Re > Ret he °
an ” 2
h t ete 0
pear ee R
wiz ) bye Ru Pu
W,= (ys-§ 6-3
Hee aad
5 = 0% 5(B/3, 15 By aby
find «baad for Vtw, VowBOE ic \ | Bintody to B,
k Bass for vew BJ; 3,-2,2,3) “a Roo Ry -R
Ch Label) dwey Reo REE
(0.,0,1,2,-1)
(0,00, 0,1) |
5 Ro Re
alin (viw) = dim V4 eee
aim W
pe [atin Vino)
ae
w Y= 3 y= cite fs es
tr
| : SL ad = ity Aa he, Xe) & Vitus
A a ip conten ed Pr RCA) ta evel AI RCA),i ae sas | C 2 j
et a | oi \ fa 2 { \
Bisel ar cas I gc c © °
i Mn ie ; or A f
ve : eo naw a Ree)= Ra)
pia of oo De
lone = Ceo 7)
1%, -An tts =O J
ee te RGA) » “
; if R(A) = &CA) O@ in nnadrix
—4H) 44, 4%,=0 Dy Road
44, —24, tXy=0 AP) cal) Stee: ° eal
HGF) + Hy a Vee oe. a eee
- if a6. i oe ‘ 0 4 o
oe, fi 3S irae Ver V3 0.2 ese ee one So CSG d
ee ee a rs u att es Al ° 0-0 9
[2 Ss ee fate gel ae ) REF
Ay An Ay A 0 my 7 799%
= al DD Ayte ty +
i 1 +a Kat 291%
o jo4 ) bide abe
o-7 ar RG as Se
2 Wy 8 yy, getSey @)
x
Peo. Sua
Ge ee ‘wae
35) gecrea)
Vi covyp =(—24 0415),
2%
ie. x 20 3i,5) = (-1,0,37)
Sade + atlo)e s Cat)
= east
Propose Toor _ Product
Let sayy, 26 Vale) ond ang ae thy +
D(a) 70 ond (4t)-0 > Xo.
2) ow) = Cp
a8). (mYtDs< (acti, 24), C
= Gnydz— Gary — ety d% ¢ Hebe
SA GRAS YH = BFR (43) g (ap 2) Zt Uc glI9%P
: Shh Ue
tht
= Q5*4)Z, —(aathyzy — (aty,)Zo + Hol ratys),
OO oe
< By), CG,
Ay 22Xy— Fiat Xo _
ea rar tt
7 } © PH 2H, AT? es
@eauy) = <(oxv ary, ly.4)5 3 ome Re
e 2 OGY, — OXY, I = (Mt) 432° 29 -
= ACK Hoy). = a (oy)hwo th
: (OMe product
: : uf : in mp
rs ’ , ad »)
c a
4) 2 =
: ;
Tet (oat ; i
Simard yar proved :
2 aya. Ua lS
a a, mad
Ree Fa, +t
iby ts Fecha el ta
* TPS on k
LO Fa hae) 5 (YY sfade)? = Ft to Ya t XY, ty (@) (arp 7>= < (a,[Link])+ Che ba) ft
: { (th, a5tbp. Both) (6.26) >
ars. 4° (24 NE * Qa) Gre LOnton JED
CRAs ts) yy aa
Hr Ao t egy, fb < Lap PP py)? = < C04 tad 656 atm) >#< Poi danboDE
Bistaseto)>
bata)
(tte Onin + (4m Gr-
Od) E + Gtr dp tet COgthe)
oy.€ak,B> 2 < bar; (bs boson) >
aa nbn
@ (1K 4,5, + — Onin)
a
HERE, W datehier gu cndiim. e yy The th A
: i
Renda pila
t a
or __perpendiewiny_vecor
vectors VW aM
ee er ewe,
er yecter
Cone 9 nner _procuect spate
bet a be TPS
fin
xe V(F)
wel Ab
fi | 4 Jenin Ar
erm [Yocil= 1] then thu led unit vector,
othe
A we wert p mare Unie yedsr aw weups
oo
IAS Tomy ohtae a
OF watt wecter aT arta
rsd
vate)
exlO0i00-) —-.€elaa)
Gé
vedios,
> wit
(2) th ane es
Lit 7 = 9504,
SS
Ju t4 —> bu pot fomen te
wait veetar,
= RE pet
Avgle between yectirs.
be Vie mm Tes § wv €V. “The ae bw ugvir
dog fe Ob
< (4G), (407 > eteofc
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