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The Quadrature Hybrid Coupler

The document describes the 90 degree hybrid coupler, also known as the quadrature coupler. It has a symmetric scattering matrix structure like a directional coupler. For the quadrature coupler, the scattering matrix parameters α and β are both equal to 1/2. This results in signals from the two non-isolated ports being equal in magnitude but 90 degrees out of phase. Therefore, the quadrature coupler splits an input signal evenly between the two output ports, with one port providing the sine component and the other providing the cosine component of the signal. This property makes it useful for applications requiring both the sine and cosine of a signal.

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198 views2 pages

The Quadrature Hybrid Coupler

The document describes the 90 degree hybrid coupler, also known as the quadrature coupler. It has a symmetric scattering matrix structure like a directional coupler. For the quadrature coupler, the scattering matrix parameters α and β are both equal to 1/2. This results in signals from the two non-isolated ports being equal in magnitude but 90 degrees out of phase. Therefore, the quadrature coupler splits an input signal evenly between the two output ports, with one port providing the sine component and the other providing the cosine component of the signal. This property makes it useful for applications requiring both the sine and cosine of a signal.

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alfredomatiasrojo
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2/10/2005 The Quadrature Hybrid Coupler.

doc 1/2

o
The 90 Hybrid Coupler
The 90D Hybrid Coupler, otherwise known as the Quadrature
Coupler, has the same symmetric form as the directional
coupler:
⎡0 α jβ 0 ⎤
⎢α 0 0 jβ⎥
S=⎢ ⎥
⎢j β 0 0 α ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 jβ α 0 ⎦

However, for this coupler we find that

1
α=β=
2

Therefore, the scattering matrix of a quadrature coupler is:

⎡ 0 1 j 0 ⎤
⎢1 2 2 ⎥
⎢
j ⎥
2 0 0
S=⎢ 2⎥
⎢j 0 0 1 ⎥
⎢ 2 j 2⎥
⎢ 0 1
⎣ 2 2 0 ⎥⎦

It is evident that, just as with the directional coupler, the ports


are matched and the device is lossless. Note also, that if a
signal is incident on one port only, then there will be a port from
which no power will exit (i.e., an isolation port).

Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS


2/10/2005 The Quadrature Hybrid [Link] 2/2

Unlike the directional coupler, the power that is flows into the
input port will be evenly divided between the two non-isolated
ports.

For example, if 10 mW is incident on port 3 (and all other ports


are matched), then 5 mW will flow out of both port 1 and port
4, while no power will exit port 2 (the isolated port).

Note however, that the although the magnitudes of the signals


leaving ports 1 and 4 are equal, the relative phase of the two
j π2
signals are separated by 90 degrees ( e = j ).

We find, therefore, that if in real terms the voltage out of port


1 is:
V03
−
v1 ( z ,t ) = cos(ω0t + βz )
2

then the signal form port 4 will be:

V03
−
v 4 ( z ,t ) = sin(ω0t + βz )
2

There are many useful applications where we require both the


sine and cosine of a signal!
[Link]/Microwave_page_1.htm

Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS

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