Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module

BEAUTY CARE
(NAIL CARE) SERVICES
EXPLORATORY COURSE
Grade 7 and Grade 8
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

What Is This Module About?.............................................................................2

How Do You Use this Module?............................................................................3

LESSON 1 – Use of Tools and Equipment................................................4 - 35

LESSON 2 – Maintenance of Tools and Equipment...............................36 - 60

LESSON 3 – Practicing Occupational Health and Safety Procedure....61 - 88

LESSON 4 – Applying Basic Nail Designs.............................................89 - 112

Answer Keys.................................................................................................113 - 119

Acknowledgment.............................................................................................120

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 What Is This Module About?

Welcome to the world of Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services!

This Module is an exploratory course which leads you to Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services National
Certificate Level II ( NC II)1. It covers four (4) common competencies that a Grade 7 / Grade 8 Technology and
Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to possess, namely:

1) Use of Nail Care Tools and Equipment;

2) Maintain Tools and Equipment;
3) Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedure; and
4) Practice basic nail designs

These four (4) common competencies are covered separately in 4 Lessons. As shown below, each Lesson is
directed to the attainment of one or two learning outcomes:

Lesson 1 – Use of Nail Care Tools and Equipment

LO1. Prepare the necessary tools and equipment for the specific nail care activity.
LO2. Use nail care tools and equipment.

Lesson 2 – Maintain Tools and Equipment

LO1. Check condition of nail care tools and equipment LO2.
Perform basic preventive and corrective maintenance LO3. Store
nail care tools and equipment

Lesson 3 – Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedure

LO1. Identify hazards and risks
LO2. Evaluate and control hazards and risks

Lesson 4 – Practice basic nail designs

LO1. Identify nail structure, shapes and nail diseases/disorders LO2.
Create basic nail designs

1
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE (NC) is a certification issued to individuals who have achieved all the required units of competency for a national
qualification as defined under the Training Regulations. NCs are aligned to specific levels within the PTQF. (TESDA Board Resolution No.
2004-13, Training Regulations Framework)

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL refers to the four (4) qualification levels defined in the Philippine TVET Qualifications Framework
(PTQF) where the worker with:
a. NC I performs a routine and predictable tasks; has little judgment; and, works under supervision;
b. NC II performs a prescribed range of functions involving known routines and procedures; has limited choice and complexity
of functions, and has little accountability;

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 How Do You Use This Module?

This Module has four (4) Lessons. Each lesson has the following components:

 Learning Outcome/s
 Performance Standard
 Materials /Resources
 Definition of Terms
 What Do You Already Know?
 What Do You Need to Know?
 How Much Have You Learned?
 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?
 How Well Did You Perform?
 What is your Score?
 References

To get the most from this Module, you need to do the following:
 Begin by reading and understanding the Learning Outcome/s and Performance Standard/s. These
tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of this module.
 Find out what you already know by taking the pretest. Then check your answers against the
Answer Key. If you got 99 to 100% of the items correctly, you may proceed to the next Lesson.
This means that you have no need to go through the lesson because you already know what it
teach. If you fail to get 99 to 100% of the items correctly, repeat the Lesson and review those items
which you failed to get correctly.
 Do the required Learning Activities. The section begins with one or more Information Sheets. An
Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you need to know.
After reading the Information Sheet, test how much you learned by doing the Self-check. Refer to
the Answer Key for correction. Do not hesitate to go back to the Information Sheet if you did not
get all test items correctly. This will ensure your mastery of basic information.
 It is not enough that you acquire content or information. You must be able to demonstrate what
you learned by doing what the Activity / Operation /Job Sheet directs you to do. In other words,
you must be able to apply what you learned in real life.
 How well did you perform? Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics.

Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key terms for your guide. They can be of
great help. Use them fully.

If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your teacher.

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 LESSON 1
Use of Nail Care Tools and Equipment

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Prepare the necessary tools and equipment for specific nail care activities; and
LO 2. Use nail care tools and equipment.

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 Definition of Terms

Bevel – to shape the edge of something

Dispose – to throw away

Hygiene – the science concerned with maintaining good health and cleanliness

Implements – articles or tools used in manicuring

Infection – a condition caused by a germ or a pathogen

Pathogen – a microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus that causes disease

Sterilization – any process that eliminates (removes) or kills all forms of microbial life

Radiation – a process in which energy is transmitted in the form of waves or particles that can be used
to destroy microorganisms

Disinfectant – an agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that destroys, neutralizes, or prevents
the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms

Antiseptic – a substance, milder than a disinfectant, that prevents the growth and development of
microorganisms

Cuticle – the nonliving epidermis that surrounds the edges of the fingernail or toenail

Moisten – make wet or damp

Nail bed – the portion of the skin upon which the nail plate rests

Effleurage – a French word meaning "to skim" or "to touch lightly", is a series of massage
strokes intended to warm up the muscles

Spa – a beauty care service where curative minerals are present for beautification

Hand spa – a beauty care service using natural oils, vitamins and minerals, and which is
believed to have effect on the body

Paraffin – a waxy white or colorless solid hydrocarbon mixture used to make candles, wax paper,
lubricants, and sealing materials

Foot spa – a beauty care service offered by salons to relax and moisturize the feet

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

Prepare the necessary nail care tools and equipment for specific nail care

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 Tools and equipment are prepared based on established salon procedures and policies.
Tools and equipment are identified and checked according to task requirements.


Materials

 Hand tools, equipment and specifications

 Tools condition report forms
 Workplace/simulated environment

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the use of nail care tools and equipment. Take

Pretest LO 1

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. A tool that is used to push back or loosen the cuticles

a. Cuticle remover c. Cuticle nail pusher
b. Nail File d. Emery board

2. An implement that is used to shape the free edges of the nail with the coarse side, and bevel the
nail with the finer side
a. Nail Cutter c. Nail Trimmer
b. Nail File d. Nail Buffer

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 3. The equipment which is used to sanitize or kill bacteria or micro-organisms in metal
implements.
a. Hand Spa Machine c. Solvent
b. Buffer d. Sterilizer

4. The implement with pointed and rounded ends to remove excess polish.
a. Orangewood Stick c. Nail Buffer
b. Nail File d. Emery board

5. The electronic gadget which is used to soothe pain of arthritis, muscle spasms and dry skin of
the hands.
a. Sterilizer c. Hand Spa Machine
b. Foot Spa Machine d. Manicure Table

6. It is used to smooth out ridges on the nails, give nails a healthy shine and remove any surface
stain.
a. Sterilizer c. Nail file
b. Buffer d. Orangewood stick

7. A type of volcanic rock used to remove callouses.

a. Foot spa basin c. Pumice stone
b. Foot spa tray d. Cotton

8. It is a wheeled cart that is pushed by hand and used for transporting manicuring and
pedicuring tools and materials.
a. Trolley c. Manicure tray
b. Supply tray d. Foot file

9. It is an organic compound used as sanitizer in nail salons.

a. Base coat c. Alcohol
b. Top coat d. Cuticle solvent

10. It is a clear polish applied to the nail plate before the application of colored polish.
a. Base coat c. Alcohol
b. Top coat d. Cuticle solvent

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 What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much y

Information Sheet 1.1

NAIL CARE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TOOLS are articles used in any nail care service which are durable or permanent and are hand- held.
Tools are also referred to as implements.

The tools commonly used in manicure and pedicure are the following:

Callous remover is designed to strip off

calluses and corns.

Cuticle nail pusher is used to push back

and loosen the cuticles.

Cuticle nipper is used to cut the cuticles.

Cuticle scissors are used to cut stubborn

cuticles.

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Finger or Manicure bowl is a small bowl
used for soaking the fingers to soften the
cuticles.

Foot file is made of metal or sandpaper, with

a rough file on one side to remove calluses
and a fine file on the other to smoothen the
feet.

Foot spa basin is a large rectangular

container used for bathing and soaking the
feet when giving a pedicure.

Manicure tray is a flat container where all

the necessary tools and implements are
placed for use by the manicurist.

Manicure nail brush is a plastic brush

with nylon bristles used to clean dirt
and cosmetic residue from the nail
surface and skin.

Mixing bowl is a small open-top, rounded

cup-like container used for mixing the
aromatic oils and other fluids for the hand or
foot spa.

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 Nail buffer is used for smoothening
and polishing the nails.

Nail cutter / Nail clipper / Nail trimmer

is a hand tool made of metal used to trim
fingernails and toenails.

Nail file is an implement used to shape the free

edges of the nail with the coarse side and
bevel the nail with the finer side.

Orangewood stick is an implement with

pointed and rounded ends to remove
excess polish.

Pedicure nail brush is a tool used to

remove cosmetics and cleanse nails.

Plastic container for cotton is a small

receptacle for cotton.

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0
Pumice stone is a type of volcanic rock,
that removes dry and annoying
skin of the feet as well as calluses.

Supply tray is a flat container that holds the

necessary cosmetics and implements.

Trolley is a wheeled cart that is pushed by hand

and used for transporting manicuring and
pedicuring tools and materials.

MATERIALS are cosmetics and supplies that are consumed and should be replaced from time to time.
They are also called consumables.

The following are the materials used in giving manicure, pedicure, and hand and foot spa:

Rubbing alcohol is an organic compound used as sanitizer.

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 Antiseptic solution is an agent that reduces or
prevents the multiplication of
microorganisms.

Apron is an outer protective garment that covers

primarily the front of the body to protect
clothes from dirt or stains.

Assorted colored nail polish is a lacquer applied

on fingernails and toenails to decorate and/or
protect the nail plate.

Base coat is a clear layer of polish applied to the nail

plate before the application of colored polish to
smoothen the nail surface and promote healthier
nails.

Benzalconium chloride is a yellow-white powder

prepared in an aqueous solution and used as surface
disinfectant and topical antiseptic.

Bleaching soap is a type of soap formulated to

whiten the skin.

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Cling wrap is a thin plastic film used for
sealing the paraffin during a hand spa.

Cotton is a soft white downy fiber for dubbing

or cleaning the nails and removing nail polish.

Cuticle oil is a mixture of fats and waxes containing

lanolin and petroleum base to soften and lubricate
the skin around the nails.

Cuticle remover is a liquid used to soften nail

cuticles and prepare them for cutting.

Disinfectant is an agent, such as heat, radiation, or a

chemical, that destroys, neutralizes, or
prevents the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms.

Emery board is a wooden, sand paper-like stick with a

fine texture on one side and a coarse texture on the
other side used to gently grind down the edges of the
nails.

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 First aid kit is a collection of supplies for use in
giving first aid.

Foot blush is a liquid spray that contains peppermint and

alpha hydroxyl acids derived from fruits. It whisks away
dead skin cells, deodorizes, and softens the feet, giving
them a pinkish glow after use.

Foot soak is an herbal blend to relax, energize,

soothe and deodorize the feet.

Foot scrub is a mixture of natural ingredients to

keep feet soft, smooth, and moisturized.

Garbage bins/bags are plastic disposable bags or

trash receptacles used to contain rubbish.

Hand towel is an absorbent cloth for drying the hands.

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Lotion is any of various cosmetic preparations
that are applied to soften the skin.

Manicure pillow is a hand cushion that helps a client

to keep her hands steady and relaxed.

Nail hardener is a liquid applied to the nails to form

a protective barrier to prevent chipping, peeling, and
splitting of nails.

Nail polish remover (Acetone) is an organic solvent

used to dissolve old polish on nails.

Quick dry is a liquid applied to colored nail polish to

dry faster.

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 Solvent is a substance used to thin out the nail
polish when it has thickened.

Toe nail separator is a soft material where toes are

inserted to keep them apart to prevent a freshly
painted toenail from staining another toe.

Top coat is a clear nail polish applied to the nails

after the colored polish to protect it from scratches and
chips, it makes nails harder and keeps them looking
shiny.

Towel is an absorbent cloth for drying the hands and

feet.

Wet sanitizer is a substance or preparation for

killing germs.

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EQUIPMENT are the items which are more or less durable and permanent needed for a particular
activity or purpose.

These are the equipment and furniture or fixtures that are used in a beauty salon:

Chairs are seats with back support and four legs

others have arm rests.

Foot spa machine is an electronic gadget used for

soaking, bathing, and massaging the feet during a foot spa.

Foot spa tool is a simple seat with three or four legs

designed to provide comfort and elevation during a
foot spa.

Hand spa machine is an electronic gadget used to

soothe pain from arthritis, and muscle spasms, and
dry cracked skin of the hands.

Manicurist’s chair or stool is an adjustable

upholstered seat fitted over a piece of metal or chrome.

Manicure table is a furniture especially designed for

giving manicure. It usually has a laminated
plastic surface and a drawer for storing materials. It is
often fitted with ball casters for easy mobility.

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 Sterilizer is an equipment in a salon used for sterilizing
metal implements to kill microorganisms.

Timer is a device that can be preset to start or stop

something at a given time.

How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 1.1

Read the questions carefully. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do we call the tool that is used to push back or loosen

the cuticles?

2. What implement is used to shape the free edges of the nail

with the coarse side and bevel the nail with the finer side?

3. What hand tool is made of metal and is used to trim

fingernails and toenails?

4. How do we call the implement used for smoothening and .

polishing the nails?

5. What is a wooden, sand paper-like stick with a fine texture on

one side and a coarse texture on the other side used to gently
grind down the edges of the nails called?

6. How do we call the implement with pointed and rounded

ends to remove excess polish?

7. What electronic gadget is used for soaking, bathing, and

massaging the feet during a foot spa?

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 8. What do we call the equipment in a salon that is used for
sterilizing metal implements to kill microorganisms?

9. How do we call the simple seat with three or four legs

designed to provide comfort and elevation during a foot spa?

10. What electronic gadget is used to soothe pain of arthritis,

muscle spasms and dry cracked skin of the hands?

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Activity Sheet 1.1

I. Identification of Tools and Equipment According to Task Requirement

Materials, Tools, and Equipment

Tools Materials Equipment

Callous Remover Alcohol Chairs
Cuticle Nail Pusher Antiseptic Solution Foot Spa Machine
Cuticle Nipper Apron Hand Spa Machine
Cuticle Scissors Assorted Nail Polish Foot Spa Stool
Finger or Manicure Bowl Base Coat Benzalconium Manicurist’s Stool
Foot File Chloride Bleaching Soap Manicure Table
Foot Spa Basin Cling Wrap Sterilizer
Foot Spa Tray with Handle Cotton Timer
Manicure Tray Cuticle Oil
Manicure Nail Brush Cuticle Remover
Mixing Bowl Disinfectant First
Nail Buffer Aid Kit Foot
Nail Cutter/Clipper/Trimmer Blush
Nail File Foot Soak
Orange Wood Stick Foot Scrub
Pedicure Nail Brush Garbage Bags/Bins
Plastic Container for Cotton Hand Towel
Pumice Stone Emery board
Trolleys

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 Material
Lotion Manicure
Pillow Nail
Hardener
Nail Polish Remover
Quick Dry
Solvent
Toe Nail Separator
Top Coat
Wet Sanitizer

Instructions:

You are given different materials, tools, and equipment. Group all the materials together, then all
the tools, and finally the equipment.

II. Procedure:
1. Identify the tools, materials, and equipment which are used in giving:

A. Manicure and Pedicure

B. Hand Spa
C. Foot Spa

2. Check the tools, materials, and equipment for proper operation as per safety practices.
3. Gather all the materials in the shop or laboratory. Classify all those unsafe for use and mark
“S”; those unsafe for use, mark “U”, and those for repair, “R”.

How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Card honestly and sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake!

Direction:
Evaluate yourself by checking the appropriate boxes to indicate the degree of
competency in handling nail care tools and equipment.
Criteria 15 10 5 Score
Identify nail care tools, materials and equipment.
Demonstrate knowledge on the safety practices of
nail care tools, materials, and equipment.
Classify nail care tools and equipment according
to their standards of use
Total

Rating Scale:

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15 – The student consistently perform tasks to standards with no supervision
10 – The student can perform the tasks with limited supervision and/or does not perform the task
to standard.
5 – The student can perform the tasks with direct supervision.

Activity Sheet 1.2

Following are necessary tools, materials and equipment for specific nail care services.

Tools Materials Equipment

Callous Remover Alcohol Chairs
Cuticle Nail Pusher Antiseptic Solution Foot Spa Machine
Cuticle Nipper Apron Hand Spa Machine
Cuticle Scissor Assorted Nail Polish Foot Spa Stool
Finger or Manicure Bowl Base Coat Benzalconium Manicurist’s Stool
Foot File Chloride Bleaching Soap Manicure Table
Foot Spa Basin Cling Wrap Sterilizer
Foot Spa Tray with Handle Cotton Timer
Manicure Tray Cuticle Oil
Manicure Nail Brush Cuticle Remover
Mixing Bowl Disinfectant First
Nail Buffer Aid Kit Foot
Nail Cutter/Clipper/Trimmer Blush
Nail File Foot Soak
Orange Wood Stick Foot Scrub
Pedicure Nail Brush Garbage Bags/Bins
Plastic Container for Cotton Hand Towel
Pumice Stone Emery board
Trolleys Lotion Manicure
Pillow Nail
Hardener
Nail Polish Remover
Quick Dry
Solvent
Toe Nail Separator
Top Coat
Wet Sanitizer

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 Direction:

Demonstrate the following activities requiring the use of specific materials, tools and
equipment.

Activity Sheet 1.2

I. MANICURE

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 II. PEDICURE

III. HAND SPA

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 IV. FOOT SPA

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 How Well Did You Perform?
Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly.

Rubric for Performance

Highly Moderately
Skilled Unskilled No Attempt
Skilled Skilled
4 2 1
Dimension 5 3
Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Never selects, No attempt to
selection, selection, selection, Prepares, and use tools/
preparation, preparation, preparation, uses appropriate equipment
Use of tools,
and use of and use of and use of materials and
Equipment,
materials and materials and materials and tools/equipment
and materials
tools/ tools/ tools/
equipment all equipment equipment
(20%)
the time most of the some of the
time time
Systematic Systematic Systematic Never follows No attempt to
application of application of application of systematic apply
procedures all procedures procedures application of procedures to
Application of
the time most of the some of the procedures project/activity
procedure
without time with time with and highly
(40%)
supervision minimum constant dependent
supervision supervision on supervision
Highly self- Self-motivated Self-motivated and Needs to be No motivation
Work Safety / motivated and observes observes motivated and and totally
habits and observes most safety occasionally some does not disregards
(30%) all safety precautions safety precautions observe safety precaution
precautions at most of the precautions
all times time

Work finished Work finished Work finished Work finished No concept of

Time/ Speed ahead of time meets deadline close to way beyond time
(10%) deadline deadline

Rating Scale
Weighted Score = Score x Item (weight)
Score Percentage = Total weighted score x 30 + 70
Perfect score (5)
Example:
5 x 20% =1
5 x 40% =2
4 x 30% = 1.2
3 x 10% = 0.3
Total weighted score = 4.5

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 Score Percentage
= 4.5 x 30 + 70
5
Grade = 97

Note: If you want to give your students higher grades, adjust the score percentage by changing 30+70 to
40 + 60.

How Do You Extend Your Learning?

Direction: After learning about the different tools, materials and equipment, with your own sets of nail
care tools, materials and equipment, classify them using the grid below. Do this on a separate sheet of
paper.

TOOL MATERIAL EQUIPMENT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Use nail care tools and equipment

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Tools and equipment are used according to task requirements.

Safety procedures for using tools and equipment are observed.

Materials
 Hand tools, equipment, and specifications
 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
 Workplace/simulated environment

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the use of nail care tools and equipment. Take this

Pretest LO 2

Direction: Match the word in column A with its description in column B. Write the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet.

Column A Column B
1. Emery board a. an electronic gadget used for giving foot spa.
2. Nail buffer b. a tool that is used to give the nails a natural glow
3. Callous remover c. an implement used to bevel and smoothen the nails
4. Foot spa machine d. a tool used to remove callouses
5. Cuticle nipper e. it is used to remove nail polish
6. Cuticle pusher f. it is a soft material inserted between toes
7. Foot scrub g. It is an implement with pointed and rounded ends
8. Orangewood stick used to remove excess polish

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 9. Acetone h. an implement used to push dead cuticle
10. Toe nail separator i. it is a mixture of natural ingredients to keep feet
soft, smooth, and moisturized

What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well and then find out how much you can remember and how muc

Information Sheet 2.1

Nail Care, once considered as a luxury for the few or as a mark of distinction between the rich and
the poor, is now within the reach of the general public. In fact, part of a person’s grooming and a form of
inexpensive relaxation is a regular nail care activity – be it manicure, pedicure, hand spa or foot spa.
The following shows the proper way of holding and handling some nail care tools or implements
and equipment.

MANICURE AND PEDICURE

Nail File
Hold the file firmly in the right or left hand (as
the case may be), with the thumb underneath it
for support and the other four fingers on its
upper surface. Place the file slightly under the
free edge and
file the nail from corner to center, shaping the
nail. Never file back and forth; this would cause
the nails to crack and split. Do not file deep into
the corners; this weakens the nails, hurts, the
skin, and causes ingrown nails.

Emery Board
It is held in the same manner as the nail
file. Bevel the rough surface
of the nail using the fine side to smoothen it.
Emery boards are discarded after use on one
person.

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Orangewood Stick
It is held in the same manner as in writing with a
pencil. To loosen cuticle, work around nail; for
applying oil or solvent, slightly dip the cotton-
tipped orangewood stick and work around the
base of the nail; to clean under
the free edge of the nail, from the center toward each
side, with gentle pressure so that live tissue at the root
of the nail will not be injured.

Cuticle Nail Pusher

It is held in the same manner as in writing with
a pencil. The dull spade side is used to push
back and loosen the cuticles. Keep cuticle
moist using cuticle remover while
working. Use the cuticle pusher in a flat position to
remove dead cuticle adhering to the nail without
scratching the nail plate. In using the pusher,
avoid too much pressure to prevent injury on tissues.

Cuticle Nipper
Pick up the cuticle nipper by the handles and
turn the cutting edges towards you; place the
bent tip of the index finger over the top of the
shank. Place the thumb on the side of the
handle and the remaining fingers over the
opposite handle. Use it with utmost care to
remove dead cuticle and hangnails so as not to
injure live tissue

Nail Cutter
Hold the clippers with cutting edges downward
between thumb, index and middle finger.
Press clipper handles by squeezing them
together and remove excess nail length.

Nail Brush
Insert the ring finger and pinky in the nail
brush handle and brush the nails with a
downward motion from the base to the
fingertips to clean the nails and fingers.

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 Nail Buffer
Place the thumb and the ring finger under the
handle of the buffer while the index and the
middle fingers are on its top and the pinky is on
its side. Apply a small amount of powder
over the buffer then buff the nails with downward
strokes from the base to the free edge of each nail until
a smooth clear gloss has been obtained. Buffing helps
in giving the nail natural gloss and increases blood
circulation to the finger tips.
To prevent heating and burning sensation, lift the
buffer from the nail after each stroke.

HAND AND FOOT SPA

Foot File
Start with the course side of the foot file. Gently
slide it back and forth across the ball of your foot
and the bottom the toes. Still with the rough side
of the file work mostly on the outside rim of the
heel. Flip the file over and
repeat the process with each foot. The fine side will
smoothen the skin and leave it feeling polished.

Callous Remover
Insert the blade into the callous remover with
care. Lay the callous remover on the top thick
part of the callous. Do not lay the blade above
the area that is going to be cut, as this may result
in cutting the soft part of
the foot, resulting in an open wound. Applying light
pressure with a steady hand on the callous remover,
gently glide it over the callous. Repeat
the process if necessary until the callous is thinner.
Smoothen the callous with a foot file.

Pumice Stone
After soaking the feet in warm soapy water, use
the pumice stone to gently buff away cracked or
dry skin of the feet with a soft, circular motion.
Never apply heavy pressure to the pumice for
this can cause sores, open wounds, and possible
infection.

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Hand and Foot Spa Machine
Make sure that electrical wirings are dry and protected from accidental water spillage. Set the
machine to the temperature that the client can withstand.

Learning to use tools and equipment properly assures you that you will give your client a nail care service
safely. You should carefully follow these tips if you want to achieve quality service all the time.

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Personal Protective Equipment are garments designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or
chemicals or for job-related occupational safety and health purposes.

Glove is a hand covering.

Smock gown is a loose cloak or robe worn to

protect the clothes.

Mask is a protective face covering for hygienic

purposes and to protect the face against
chemical exposure.

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 Headband is a band of absorbent material worn on
or around the head across the forehead to keep
the sweat and the hair off the face.

How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 2.1

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

I. Answer each question briefly.

1. Why should filing be done from the corners to the center of the nails?

2. Why is gentle pressure applied in using orangewood stick?

3. What effect does buffing have on the nails?

4. Why should a cuticle nipper be used with utmost care?

5. What would likely to happen if heavy pressure was applied when using a pumice stone?

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 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Operation Sheet 2.1

I. Demonstration on the proper use of nail care tools and equipment

Materials, Tools and Equipment

Materials
Cuticle remover Hand towel First aid kit Antiseptic solutions
Tools
Nail file Orangewood stick Cuticle nail pusher Nail cutter
Equipment
Foot spa machine

Procedure:
1. Demonstrate the proper use of the following tools:
a. Cuticle nail pusher
b. Nail file
c. Orangewood stick
d. Nail cutter
2. Show how to set the hand spa machine for use.
3. Act out how to set a foot spa machine for use.

II-A. Materials and Tools:

Materials
Cuticle removerCottonHand towel

Tools
Orangewood stickCuticle nail pusher

Instructions:
1. Apply cuticle remover to cuticle in one stroke. Spread it with a brush.
2. Allow to stand for 1 minute.
3. Hold orangewood stick tipped with cotton or cuticle nail pusher 2.5 cm from tip.
4. Starting at one side of the nail, gently begin to loosen the cuticle with a rotating action. Work
from one side of the nail to the other.
5. Using tip of the implement, remove matter from under the free-edge.
6. Using a cotton, carefully mold back skin, wiping off remaining cuticle remover.

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 III-B. Materials and Tools:

Materials
Antiseptic solution Cotton First aid kit

Tools
Nail cutter/clipper

Instructions:
1. Adjust the clipper in working position.
2. Turn the client’s palm up.
3. Hold the client’s finger upright between your thumb and fingers.
4. Hold clippers with cutting edges downward between thumb and index and middle fingers.
5. Place the nail plate between cutting edges, holding clipper to cut straight across the nail plate.
6. Gauge the desired length of nail (not shorter than 3mm).
7. Press clipper handles by squeezing handles together, and remove excess length.

How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly.

Criteria Weight
Demonstrated the proper way of using all nail care
tools and equipment 15 pts.
Demonstrated the proper way of using most of the nail
care tools and equipment 10 pts.
Demonstrated the proper way of using some of the nail
care tools and equipment. 5 pts.
Failed to demonstrate the proper way of using nail care 1 pt.
tools and equipment

Rating Scale:
15 ̶ Very Good
10 ̶ Good
5 ̶ Fair
1 ̶ Needs Improvement

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 How Do You Extend Your Learning?

After learning how to use the different nail care tools and equipment properly, you will be
shaping the nail using the emery board on your own.
1. Hold the emery board between the thumb and index finger of the dominant hand.
2. Hold the client’s fingertip between the thumb and index finger of auxiliary hand.
3. Position the emery board under the free edge of the nail.
4. Slide the emery board across free edge to center of nail edge in one stroke. Work from the
corner to the center of the nail.
5. Place the emery board on the opposite side of the nail and repeat the procedure.
6. Repeat until desired shape is achieved.
7. Check the nail edge for rough spots. Bevel the nail by lightly filing edge downward with the
fine side of the emery board.

When you are finished, check your work and then show it to your teacher for critiquing.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and

relax a while and then move on to the next
lesson. Good luck!

REFERENCES

LO1
 Kibbe, Constance V. Standard Textbook of Cosmetology. Milady Publishing Corp: 1984
Moore, Oakley and Franco. The World of Cosmetology. McGraw-Hill Book Company: 1980


LO 2
 Nordmann, Lorraine, et. al. Beauty Therapy – The Foundation. Thomson Learning: 2001
Kibbe, Constance V. Standard Textbook of Cosmetology. Milady Publishing Corp: 1984
 Moore, Oakley and Franco. The World of Cosmetology. McGraw-Hill Book Company: 1980

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 LESSON 2
Maintenance of Tools and Equipment

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Check condition of nail care tools and equipment;

LO 2. Perform basic preventive and corrective maintenance; and LO 3. Store

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 Definition of Terms

Antiseptic – a substance, milder than a disinfectant, that prevents the growth and development of
microorganisms

Contaminated wastes – materials which are infected or with some measure of decay

Disinfectant – an agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that destroys, neutralizes, or prevents the
growth of disease-carrying microorganisms

Dispose – to throw away

Foot spa – a beauty care service offered by salons to relax and moisturize the feet

Hand spa – a beauty care service using natural oils, vitamins and minerals, having curative effect
on the body

Hygiene – the science concerned with maintaining good health and cleanliness

Implements – durable articles or tools used in manicuring

Infection – a condition caused by a germ or a pathogen

Pathogen – a microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus that causes
disease

Polythene – a kind of plastic commonly used as grocery bags, shampoo bottles, children’s toys among
others

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) – protective clothing designed to protect the wearer’s
body from injury or chemicals or for job-related occupational safety and health purposes

Radiation – a process in which energy in transmitted in the form of waves or particles that can be used
to destroy micro-organisms

Spa – a beauty care service where curative minerals are present for beautification

Sterilization – any process that eliminates (removes) or kills all forms of microbial life

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

Check the condition of nail care tools and equipment

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Procedures for sterilization and sanitation of nail care tools and equipment are followed.
Non-functional tools and equipment are segregated and labeled according to classification.
Tools and equipment are safely stored in accordance with salon requirements and local health regulations.
Conditions of PPE are checked in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Materials
 Tools, equipment, and specifications
 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
 Workplace/simulated environment

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the use of nail care tools and equipment. Take

Pretest LO 1

A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. It is the process of destroying all living microorganisms.

a. Sanitation c. Sterilization
b. Disinfecting d. Sanitization

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 2. It is the process of destroying some, not all microorganisms using heat or antiseptics.
a. Sanitation c. Sterilization
b. Disinfecting d. Sanitization

3. It is a substance used to control micro-organisms on non-living surfaces.

a. Antiseptic c. Disinfectant
b. Solvent d. Nail Hardener

4. It is an agent that prevents the multiplication of micro-organisms.

a. Antiseptic c. Disinfectant
b. Solvent d. Nail Hardener

5. It is the application of measures to promote public health and prevent the spread of
infectious diseases.
a. Sanitation c. Sterilization
b. Disinfecting d. Sanitization

B. Essay
Directions: Briefly discuss the following questions

1. A strong emphasis is placed on sanitizing all implements and equipment. Why is

sanitizing so important in nail care?
2. Differentiate sanitation from sterilization.

What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well and then find out how much you can remember and how much

Information Sheet 1.1

Ensuring Safety and Cleanliness in the Salon

It is important to assemble, sanitize, and sterilize all the necessary items before starting any nail
care activity. Sanitation is the application of measures to promote public health and prevent the spread of
infectious diseases. The observance of safety rules in the salon industry can be of great help in preventing
accidents and injury to anyone in the salon.

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 Sterilization vs Sanitization
Sterilization is the process of destroying all living micro-organisms. Sanitization is the
process of destroying some, not all microorganisms. Sterilization and sanitization techniques applied
in the beauty salon involve the use of physical agents like heat and radiation; and chemical agents like
antiseptics and vapor fumigants.

disinfectant vs antiseptic
A disinfectant is a substance used to control micro-organisms on non-living surfaces such as
tools, equipment, and furniture/ fixtures. An antiseptic is an agent that prevents the multiplication of
microorganisms. Since it is milder than a disinfectant, it can be used directly on the skin.

Preparation of Equipment to be Sanitized

a. Read directions on disinfectant.
b. Measure and mix the disinfectant as directed.
c. Saturate a cleaning cloth with disinfectant solution and wipe entire surface area of
equipment.
d. Wipe the surface dry with paper towel to dry it.
e. Dispose of sanitizing solution and used towels.

Preparation of Metals Implements for Sterilization

a. Soak the tools/ implements in hot, soapy water solution to remove any debris and oil residue.
Rinse them thoroughly.
b. Place the tools/implements in a 70% to 90% alcohol solution for 20 minutes.
c. Remove the tools/implements from solution, wipe them dry, and place them into a dry
sterilizer.

Preparation of the Sanitizing Jar

a. Cleanse the sanitizing jar with disinfectant and wipe it dry.
b. Place thin layer of sterile cotton at the bottom of jar.
c. Remove implements from wet or dry sanitizer and place them into the jar,
handles up, except for metal nail files.
d. Fill the jar with 70% to 90% alcohol solution to cover cutting edges and tips of
orangewood sticks.

Keep in mind that all tools/implements and equipment should not be used unless effectively
sanitized or sterilized so as to prevent potential diseases. Ensure that all materials are neatly organized on
the trolley. All beauticians should maintain a high standard of personal hygiene. Wherever possible, use
disposable products.

Ensure the client’s safety and comfort by using tools and equipment which are in good condition
and that he/she is provided with the appropriate personal protective clothing.

Your goal is to give the highest professional nail care service to each client. As such, tools and
equipment must be thoroughly checked to identify those which function efficiently and those which do not.
See to it that functional tools and equipment are stored safely in accordance

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with salon requirements and local health regulations. Non-functional or faulty tools and equipment are
segregated and labeled properly either for repair or for discarding.

After every working session, the following should be done:

a. Tools which are made of plastic should be kept clean and sanitized properly in
preparation for the next patron.

b. Empty bottles and containers are discarded in a covered trash bin.

c. Used treatment products and other chemicals are stored, arranged and properly labeled in the
cabinet.

d. Finger bowls must be sanitized before use for the next client.
e. The hand and foot spa machines must be flushed with a solution of about 5% bleach.
Circulate the liquid through the system for at least 10 minutes.

f. Leave the solution in the hand and foot spa machines overnight or at least 5-10 hours before
draining the machines so that they are thoroughly sanitized.

g. Table tops and door handles are wiped with disinfectant and the floor should be mopped with
disinfectant as well.

h. Metal tools and instruments must be sterilized following proper sterilization techniques. After
the process, store it in a dry cabinet until needed.

i. Tools/Implements which are made of porous materials such as nail files, buffers, nail brushes and
orangewood sticks can harbor bacteria easily. Since they are wood products which cannot be
sterilized, these tools should not be reused.

j. Waste materials should be disposed of properly in an enclosed waste bin fitted with polythene
bag. The bin should be sanitized with disinfectant regularly in a well-ventilated area. Remember
to wear protective gloves while doing this.

k. Contaminated wastes should be disposed of, following the right procedures prescribed by local
authorities.

l. Any tool or equipment in poor condition must be repaired immediately or disposed of

properly so as not to pose danger to the clients as well as the beauticians.

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 How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 1.1

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

Directions: Write brief answers to the following questions:

1. How often does a beautician sanitize her hands?
2. How can you keep metal tools/implements clean after being sterilized?
3. How should waste materials be disposed of? How about contaminated wastes?
4. Why is it important to observe safety rules in the salon?
5. When do we say that tools and equipment are in good condition? When do we say that they are
not?

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Activity Sheet 1.1

I-A. Materials, Tools, Equipment and PPE

Materials Tools Equipment PPE
Alcohol Cuticle nail pusher Foot spa machine Gloves
Bleach Nail cutter Hand spa machine Mask
Disinfectant Cuticle nippers Sterilizer
Cleaning cloths Cuticle scissors Foot spa stool
Metal file Manicure table
Orangewood stick Manicurist’s stool

Procedure:
The students are grouped with 5 members each.
1. Simulate/Perform
a. Group 1 – Sanitize hand and foot spa machines
b. Group 2 – Sterilize metal tools/implements
c. Group 3 – Sanitize non-metal tools/implements
d. Group 4 – Sanitize environmental surfaces
e. Group 5 – Dispose waste materials and contaminated wastes

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 B. Tools and Equipment:
TOOLS EQUIPMENT
Callous Remover Cuticle Nail Pusher Cuticle Nipper Cuticle Scissor Chairs
Finger or Manicure Bowl Foot
Foot
SpaFile
Machine Hand Spa Machine Foot Spa Stool Manicurist’s Stool Manicure Table S
Foot Spa Basin Timer
Foot Spa Tray with Handle Manicure Tray
Manicure Nail Brush Mixing Bowl
Nail Buffer
Nail Cutter/Clipper/Trimmer Nail File
Orange Wood Stick Pedicure Nail Brush
Plastic Container for Cotton Pumice Stone
Trolleys

C. Instructions: Your group is given sets of tools and equipment. Do the following

1. Make a checklist of these tools and equipment following the format below.
TOOL GOOD CONDITION DEFECTIVE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

EQUIPMENT GOOD CONDITION DEFECTIVE

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2. Check each tool and equipment.

3. Depending on the specific conditions of the tools and equipment, tick off () the
apropriate column (GOOD of DEFECTIVE) for each item.

4. Label the tools and equipment that are defective. Let

your teacher evaluate your work.

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 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly.

Rubric for Performance

Highly Skilled Moderately Unskilled No Attempt
Skilled Skilled
Dimension 5 4 3 2 1
Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Never selects, No attempt to
selection, selection, selection, Prepares, and use tools/
preparation, preparation, preparation, uses appropriate equipment
Use of tools,
and use of and use of and use of materials and
Equipment,
materials and materials and materials and tools/equipment
and materials
tools/ tools/ tools/
equipment all equipment equipment
(20%)
the time most of the some of the
time time
Systematic Systematic Systematic Never follows No attempt to
application of application of application of systematic apply
procedures all procedures procedures application of procedures to
Application of
the time most of the some of the procedures project/activity
procedure
without time with time with and highly
(40%)
supervision minimum constant development
supervision supervision on supervision
Highly self- Self- Self-motivated Needs to be No motivation
Work Safety / motivated motivated and and observes motivated and and totally
habits and observes observes most occasionally does not disregards
(30%) all safety safety some safety observe safety precaution
precautions at precautions precautions precautions
all times most of the
time
Work finished Work finished Work finished Work finished No concept of
Time / Speed ahead of time meets deadline close to way beyond time
(10%) deadline deadline

Rating Scale
Weighted Score: = Score x Item (weight)
Score Percentage = Total weighted score x 30 + 70
Perfect score (5)
Example:
5 x 20% =1
5 x 40% =2
4 x 30% = 1.2
3 x 10% = 0.3
Total weighted score = 4.5

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Score Percentage
= 4.5 x 30 + 70
5
Grade = 97

How Do You Extend Your Learning?

After identifying functional and non-functional tools and equipment, your group will make a log
report.

a. With an index card (5x8), construct a grid and list all identified and labeled
defective tools in alphabetical order.

TOOL RECOMMENDATION

For Repair For Disposal

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

b. Using another index card (5x8), do the same with defective equipment.

TOOL RECOMMENDATION

For Repair For Disposal

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

c. Submit your log reports to your teacher.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Perform basic preventive and corrective maintenance

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Nail care tools and equipment are identified.

Appropriate cleaning procedures for nail care tools and equipment are applied.
Tools are cleaned according to standard procedures.
Defective equipment and tools are inspected and replaced according to manufacturer’s specifications.
Workplace is cleaned and mantained according to OHS regulations.

Materials

 Tools, equipment, and specifications

 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
 Workplace/simulated environment

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 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the basic preventive and corrective maintenance

Pretest LO 2

Directions: Supply an appropriate word to make each statement complete. Choose the answer from
the words enclosed in the box below and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

Water Store Inspect Boil

Enclosed Sterilize Disinfect
Sanitary Washed Directed

1. metal implements after every use to avoid infection or possible diseases.

2. foot basins after each use with a bleach solution.

3. metal implements once a month in a pot for 10 minutes.

4. sterilized metal instruments in an airtight, zipper-sealed bag to keep them from being
exposed to dirt and bacteria.

5. tools and equipment regularly to identify defective ones.

6. All beauty salons must be well-lighted and ventilated and must be in good
condition.
7. Salon establishments must be provided with continuous running hot and cold .
8. All waste materials should be disposed of in an waste bin fitted with polythene
bin liner.
9. Each client must be provided with a freshly towel.
10. Measure and mix disinfectant as .

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 What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well and then find out how much you can remember and how m

Information Sheet 2.1

Keeping Tools and Equipment Safe, Clean and Functional

It is vital to sterilize metal implements, sanitize wooden tools, disinfect hand and foot spa
machines as well as environmental surfaces before and after each use. Contaminated tools can cause
bacterial and fungal infections that are unsightly, painful, and sometimes, fatal. There are several methods
of cleaning and sterilization. Do a cursory cleaning after each nail care service and deep-clean monthly to
keep tools safe and useful all the time.
1. Sterilize metal implements after each use in a hospital-grade disinfectant that is bactericidal,
virucidal, and fungicidal. This disinfectant can be found in beauty supply stores. Immerse the tools
in the disinfectant for 10 minutes.
2. Disinfect foot basins after each use with a bleach solution. Make a 1:10 solution by mixing one
part bleach with 10 parts water. Using gloves, rinse the basin with the solution to disinfect. If
necessary, scrub with a detergent to remove any dirt or debris.
3. Use a boiling method of sterilization once a month to disinfect all metal implements. Designate
one pot for sterilization to prevent cross-contamination with food. Submerge the tools in
boiling water for 10 minutes. Drain the tools and allow them to dry.
4. Store sterilized metal implements in an airtight, zipper-sealed bag to keep them from being
exposed to dirt and bacteria. Be sure tools are completely dry before storing them. In case there is
an interval of at least two weeks before the next nail care service, sterilize the tools again before
use.
5. Inspect tools and equipment regularly to identify defective ones for repair, replacement, or
condemnation.

Keeping the Workplace Clean and Safe

1. All beauty salons must be well-lighted and well-ventilated and must be in good sanitary
condition.
2. The salon premises must be free from rodents, vermin, flies and or similar insects.
3. All salon establishments must be provided with continuous running hot and cold water.
4. The curtains and floor coverings in the salon must be washable and kept clean.

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 5. All hair, used cotton or other waste materials must be removed from the floor
immediately, and deposited in a closed container. Get rid of them from the salon
premises at frequent intervals.
6. The rest rooms must be well-sanitized and be provided with individual towels.
7. Each beautician must wear a washable uniform while serving clients.
8. Each client must be provided with a freshly laundered towel.
9. All waste materials should be disposed of in an enclosed waste bin fitted with polythene bin
liner, durable enough to resist tearing.

How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 2.1

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

Enumerate the following:

1. 5 Ways to Keep Tools and Equipment Safe and Functional

2. Ways to Keep the Salon Clean

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Operation Sheet 2.1

A. Group Activity
Directions: Visit your school’s beauty salon and determine if it is clean and safe. Make the
necessary recommendations if it is beyond your limitations.

1. See to it that the premises are free from rodents, vermin, flies and similar insects.
2. Make sure that the place is provided with continuous running hot and cold water.
3. Inspect the curtains and floor coverings if they are washed and ironed.

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 4. Ensure that all used cotton or other waste materials are removed from the floor
immediately, and deposited in a closed container. Get rid of them from the salon
premises at frequent intervals.
5. Check if the rest room is sanitized, including its door knob, and if it has towels.
6. Check if waste materials are disposed of in an enclosed waste bin fitted with polythene bin
liner, durable enough to resist tearing.

B. Materials, Tools, Equipment and PPE

Materials

Alcohol Bleach Disinfectant Cleaning cloths

Tools

Cuticle Nail Pusher Nail Cutter Cuticle Nippers

Cuticle Scissors Metal File Orangewood Stick
Equipment

Foot Spa Machine Hand Spa Machine Sterilizer Foot

Spa Stool Manicure Table Manicurist’s Stool
PPE

Gloves Mask

Procedure:

1. Steps in Sanitizing Equipment

a. Read directions on disinfectant.
b. Measure and mix disinfectant as directed.
c. Saturate a cleaning cloth with disinfectant solution and wipe entire surface area.
d. Wipe the surface, dry with paper towel.
e. Dispose of sanitizing solution and used towels.

2. Steps in Sterilizing Metal Implements

a. Soak the tools/ implements in hot, soapy water solution to remove any debris and oil residue.
Rinse them thoroughly.
b. Place the tools/implements in a 70% to 90% alcohol solution for 20 minutes.
c. Remove the tools/implements from solution, wipe them dry, and place them into a dry
sterilizer.

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 3. Steps in Sanitizing Wooden Implements
a. Cleanse sanitizing jar with disinfectant and wipe it dry.
b. Place thin layer of sterile cotton at the bottom of jar.
c. Remove implements from wet or dry sanitizer and place them into the jar,
handles up, except for metal nail files.
d. Fill jar with 70% to 90% alcohol solution to cover cutting edges and tips of
orangewood sticks

How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Card honestly.

Directions: Evaluate your group by checking the appropriate boxes to indicate the degree of competency in
the given activities.
Criteria 15 10 5 Score
Follows proper way of keeping the workplace clean and safe.
Demonstrates knowledge on sanitizing nail care:
a. equipment
b. metal implements
c. wooden implements
Observes safety precautions at all times
Finishes work finished on time
Total

Rating Scale:

15 ̶ The students consistently perform tasks to standards with no supervision.

10 ̶ The student s can perform the tasks with limited supervision and/or does not perform the task to
standard.
5 ̶ The student can perform the tasks with direct supervision.

How Do You Extend Your Learning?

Directions: After learning the proper cleaning procedure for nail care tools and equipment,
you are now ready to clean your own sets of tools and equipment.
1. Clean your metal instruments according to standard procedure.
2. Disinfect your foot basin, finger bowl, foot spa stool, manicurist’s stool, and
manicure table.
3. Sanitize your orangewood stick, buffer, foot brush, and nail brush.

Present your finished work to your teacher for evaluation.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 3

Store nail care tools and equipment

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Inventory of tools, instruments and equipment is conducted and recorded.

Tools and equipment are stored safely in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.

Materials

 Hand tools, equipment, and specifications

 Tools condition report forms
 Workplace/simulated environment

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 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the proper storage of nail care tools and equipmen

Pretest LO 3

Directions: Write T if the statement is correct; if not, change the underlined word/s to make it
correct.

1. Tools which are made of metal should be kept clean and sanitized properly in preparation for the
next client.

2. The hand and foot spa machines must be kept dry after disinfecting them.

3. Metal tools and instruments must be sterilized following proper sterilization techniques.

4. Tools/ Implements which are made of porous materials such as nail files, buffers, nail brushes
and orangewood sticks cannot be sterilized. These tools should not be reused.

5. Tools or equipment in poor condition can still be used in any nail care service.

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 What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well and then find out how much you can remember and how

Information Sheet 3.1

At the end of every working session, make an inventory of specific activities that should be done:

a. Plastic tools should be kept clean and sanitized properly in preparation for the next client.
b. Empty bottles and containers are discarded in a covered trash bin.
c. Used treatment products and other chemicals are stored, arranged and properly labeled in the
cabinet.
d. Finger bowls must be sanitized before they are used by another client.
e. The hand and foot spa machines must be kept dry after disinfecting them.
f. Table tops and door handles are wiped and the floor mopped with disinfectant.
g. Metal tools and instruments must be sterilized properly. Then they are stored in a dry cabinet
until needed.
h. Tools/implements are made of porous materials, such as nail files, buffers, nail brushes and
orangewood sticks can harbor bacteria easily. Since they are wood products which cannot be
sterilized, these tools should not be reused.
i. Waste materials should be disposed of properly in an enclosed waste bin fitted with polythene
bag. The bin should be sanitized with disinfectant regularly in a well-ventilated are. Remember
to wear protective gloves while doing this.
j. Any tool or equipment in poor condition must be repaired immediately, replaced or
disposed of properly so as not to pose danger both to the clients and beauticians.

Storage:

A manicurist must ensure that storage of nail care tools, materials, and equipment within the
establishment meets the following requirements.

1. Flammable and combustible chemicals are stored away from potential sources of ignition
such as an open flame or an electrical device;
2. All nail care chemicals are stored in closed bottles or containers.
3. Storage units:
a. Cabinets, drawers, containers used for storage of implements and towels are clean;
b. Clean linen is stored in an enclosed, dust-proof cabinet or container;
c. Implements which have been used on a client are not mixed with clean ones;

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4. Supplies:
a. Unused supplies, except product application brushes, are stored in a clean, closed
container or drawer;
b. Used/soiled disposable supplies are discarded immediately in a clean, closed waste
receptacle;

5. Implement Storage:
a. Implements that have been used on a client or soiled in any manner are placed in a properly
labeled covered receptacle until disinfected;
b. Sanitized implements are stored in a clean closed container or drawer until used;

6 . Towels
a. Cloth towels are deposited in a closed receptacle after use;
b. Used/soiled cloth towels are not used again until properly laundered and sanitized;
c. Disposable towels are discarded in a covered waste receptacle immediately following each
nail technology service;

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 How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 3.1

In not less than 5 sentences, describe how tools and equipment are stored.

Scoring rubric
Fair Good Very Good
5 pts 10 pts 15 pts

Knowledge and Student was able to Student was able to Student was able to
understanding convey limited ideas convey a few ideas on convey several ideas
on the topic with little the topic with some on the topic with a
knowledge. degree of knowledge. good degree of
knowledge.

Accuracy Work was organized Work was organized Work was organized
and planned with little and planned with and planned with
effectiveness. some effectiveness. considerable
effectiveness.

Effort Student put little or no Student put some effort Student put full effort
effort into this activity. into this activity. into this activity.

Rating Scale:
15 pts. = Very Good 10
pts. = Good
5 pts. = Fair

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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity.

Operation Sheet 3.1

I-A. Materials, Tools, and Equipment

Tools Materials Equipment
Callous Remover Alcohol Chairs
Cuticle Nail Pusher Antiseptic Solution Foot Spa Machine
Cuticle Nipper Apron Hand Spa Machine
Cuticle Scissor Assorted Nail Polish Foot Spa Stool
Finger or Manicure Bowl Base Coat Benzalconium Manicurist’s Stool
Foot File Chloride Bleaching Soap Manicure Table
Foot Spa Basin Cling Wrap Sterilizer
Foot Spa Tray with Handle Cotton Timer
Manicure Tray Cuticle Oil
Manicure Nail Brush Cuticle Remover
Mixing Bowl Disinfectant First
Nail Buffer Aid Kit Foot
Nail Cutter/Clipper/Trimmer Blush
Nail File Foot Soak
Orange Wood Stick Foot Scrub
Pedicure Nail Brush Garbage Bags/Bins
Plastic Container for Cotton Hand Towel
Pumice Stone Emery board
Trolleys Lotion Manicure
Pillow Nail
Hardener
Nail Polish Remover
Quick Dry
Solvent
Toe Nail Separator
Top Coat
Wet Sanitizer

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 Procedure:
1. Given the list of materials, tools and equipment in nail care, show how to properly store them.

B. Materials, Tools and Equipment

All the materials, tools and equipment provided in the workplace

Instructions: Simulate the proper safekeeping and storage of tools and equipment.

Score Card
Directions: Evaluate yourself by checking the appropriate boxes to indicate the degree of competency
in the given activities.

Criteria 15 10 5 Score
Follows the proper way of storing nail care tools and
equipment.
Complete the steps in the correct sequence.
Observes safety precautions at all times.
Finishes work on time.

Rating Scale:
15 – The student consistently performs tasks to standards with no supervision.
10 – The student can perform the tasks with limited supervision and/or does not perform the task to
standard.
5 – The student can perform the tasks with direct supervision.

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 How Do You Extend Your Learning?
After learning the correct way of safekeeping/storage of nail care tools and equipment, you are now
assigned to do the same in your work shop.

1. Make an inventory of all the tools and equipment in your shop work using index cards as your
checklist.
Tick off () the tool, material or equipment which are missing.

Tools Materials Equipment

Callous Remover Alcohol Chairs
Cuticle Nail Pusher Antiseptic Solution Foot Spa Machine
Cuticle Nipper Apron Hand Spa Machine
Cuticle Scissor Assorted Nail Foot Spa Stool
Polish
Finger or Manicure Bowl Base Coat Manicurist’s Stool
Foot File Benzalconium Manicure Table
Foot Spa Basin Chloride Sterilizer
Foot Spa Tray with Bleaching Soap Timer
Handle
Manicure Tray Cling Wrap
Manicure Nail Brush Cotton
Mixing Bowl Cuticle Oil
Nail Buffer Cuticle Remover
Nail Disinfectant
Cutter/Clipper/Trimmer First Aid Kit
Nail File Foot Blush
Orange Wood Stick Foot Soak
Pedicure Nail Brush Foot Scrub
Plastic Container for Garbage Bags/Bins
Cotton Hand Towel
Pumice Stone Emery board
Trolleys Lotion
Manicure Pillow
Nail Hardener
Nail Polish
Remover
Quick Dry
Solvent
Toe Nail Separator
Top Coat
Wet Sanitizer

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 Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and
relax a while before you move on to the next
lesson. Good luck!

REFERENCES

LO1
 Nordmann, Lorraine, et. al. Beauty Therapy – The Foundation. Thomson
Learning: 2001
 Kibbe, Constance V. Standard Textbook of Cosmetology. Milady
Publishing Corp: 1984
 Moore, Oakley and Franco. The World of Cosmetology. McGraw-Hill Book
Company: 1980

LO 2
 Nordmann, Lorraine, et. al. Beauty Therapy – The Foundation. Thomson
Learning: 2001
 Kibbe, Constance V. Standard Textbook of Cosmetology. Milady
Publishing Corp: 1984
 Moore, Oakley and Franco. The World of Cosmetology. McGraw-Hill Book
Company: 198

LO 3
 Nordmann, Lorraine, et. al. Beauty Therapy – The Foundation. Thomson
Learning: 2001
 Kibbe, Constance V. Standard Textbook of Cosmetology. Milady
Publishing Corp: 1984
 Moore, Oakley and Franco. The World of Cosmetology. McGraw-Hill Book
Company: 198

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 LESSON 3
Practicing Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO1. Identify hazards and risks; and

LO2. Evaluate and control hazards and risks;

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 Definition of Terms

Chemical hazards – are substances used and/or produced at work that have the potential to harm
the health and safety of people at work.

Infection – a condition when microorganisms invade the body and multiply, causing illness.

Infection control – a process that minimizes the risk of spreading infection while performing
procedures on client.

Harm – adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.

Maximal Allowable Concentration (MCL) – is a peak or maximum concentration of an

airborne, to which most workers could be safely exposed.

Occupational Hazards – are various environmental factors or stresses that can cause
sickness, impaired health, or significant discomfort in workers and can be classified as
chemical, physical, biological, or ergonomic.

Occupational health and safety (OHS) – a planned system of working to prevent illness and
injury, where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks.

OSH trainings – are interventions conducted to facilitate learning on occupational safety and health,
the results of which can contribute to the attainment of better and improved OSH conditions.

Skin penetration – means any process, intentionally or otherwise, that involves the shaving,
piercing, cutting, puncturing, or tearing of the skin or mucous membrane.

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) – is a measure of concentration of toxic substances that a

person can withstand.

Workplace – refers to the office, premises or worksite where a worker is habitually assigned. Where
there is no fixed or definite workplace, the term shall include the place where the worker actually
performs regular work, or where he regularly reports to render service or to take an assignment.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

Identify hazards and risks

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Workplace hazards and risks are identified.

Hazards and risks and their corresponding indicators are identified in the workpla
Effects of hazards are determined.

Materials

 Lcd projector, video clips, laptop

 Workplace/simulated environment

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 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the hazards and risks in the workplace. Take thi

Pretest LO 1

Read the following statements and select the best answer.

1. It is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or will experience an

adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.
a. harm
b. risk
c. ergonomics

2. It is an adverse health effect on something or someone under certain conditions at work.

a. harm
b. risk
c. ergonomics

3. It involves identifying the hazards present and then evaluating the risks, taking into
account the existing precautions.
a. risk assessment
b. training
c. experience

4. It is important to give the health and safety experience to new or inexperienced

workers, including those that have been away from the workforce for some time
a. training
b. exposure
c. hygiene

5. It is a practice in some beauty salons that may adversely affect the health of customers and
workers such as exposure to biological hazards that cause infectious diseases.
a. unsafe practices
b. fungi
c. activities

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 What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well and then find out how much you can remember and how much

Information Sheet 1.1

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to prevent illness and
injury in the workplace. It involves recognizing and identifying specific hazards and risks. Health and
safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the beauty service industries. You must identify the
hazards where you are working, and evaluate how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the
risks that it presents.

An occupational health and safety management system should consists of the following:

1. Management Commitment. Management can show their commitment to OHS by

 establishing an OHS policy
 identifying its objectives

2. Planning. This includes setting standards for management and employees by

establishing:
 How the business ensures sound OHS practices are implemented?
 Who is assigned and responsible for the implementation? This person will
coordinate the assessment, delegate tasks, and be responsible for taking notes
and writing up information for the register
 What resources are required for the implementation?
 When will the OHS practices be implemented?
 How will workers identify and report hazards to employer?

3. Consultation. Consulting and working with your employees is important. Employees must
have a basic understanding of what could be considered high-risk activities in the salon.
There should be a two way communication where employers listen to and cooperate with
employees. Management can then ensure OHS decisions are based on the best and most up-
to-date information.

4. Training. It is important to give health and safety training to new or inexperienced

workers, including those that have been away from the workforce for some time.

5. Risk management. This involves identifying the hazards present and then evaluating the
risks, taking into account the existing precautions.

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 Steps to risk assessment:
1. Identifying hazards and risks
2. Evaluate hazards and risks
3. Control hazards and risks

refer harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain

conditions at work.

refers the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse
health effect if exposed to a hazard.

Identifying Hazards and Risks

Identifying workplace hazards means looking for those things at your workplace that have the
potential to cause harm.

Step1. Identifying hazards and risks

\

There are many hazards present at a beauty salon that deserve your attention. Use this
guide as a starting point for conducting a risk assessment at your facility to correct potential
hazards and keep your client safe. Identifying hazards and risks should include the following:
a. Consulting with salon employees
b. Conducting a worker survey
c. Inspecting the workplace
d. Ensuring that the information supplied by manufacturers and suppliers is regularly
updated and made available to all in the workplace.

Common hazards in a beauty salon

1. Electricity. Common accidents in the workplace can result from contact with
faulty electrical equipment that may have become “live” or from contact with worn
or damaged power cords and switches, the presence of water in the salon increases
the risk of electrocution or injury.
2. Chemical hazard. Chemicals used in the beauty salon like nail polish, nail polish
removers, callus removers, and acrylic powders for artificial nails are common
products found in many nail salons. Tcauses skin irritations and respiratory
problems. Information on chemical hazards can be obtained from the following:
 Product label
 Material safety data sheet (MSDS) – Provides information on how to properly
handle, store, discard and care for potentially hazardous chemicals. It also
provides information on what a person who has been exposed to a certain
harmful chemical should do.
 the manufacturer

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 3. Slips, trips, falls. These are common occurrences in workplaces. People slip and
trip on slippery, rough or uneven surfaces and may fall down from stairs or off
ladders.
4. Fire. The range, number and 'portability' of electrical equipment used in salons,
together with their proximity to water, make for potentially hazardous situations
5. Manual handling of material and tools. Lifting and moving heavy stock materials
and working at poorly designed workstations can cause injuries and muscle strains.
Injury due to cutting with cuticle nippers, cuticle scissors and cuticle pusher.
6. Infection hazards. Unsafe or unhygienic practices in the beauty salon may affect
the health of customers and workers such as exposure to biological hazards that
cause infectious diseases such as blood borne pathogens (hepatitis B, hepatitis C,
and HIV), and fungal infections like ringworms.
7. Ergonomic Hazards. Ergonomics is the scientific study of people at work. The goal
of ergonomics is to reduce stress and eliminate injuries and disorders associated with
the overuse of muscles, bad posture and repeated tasks.

How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 1.1

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

Directions: Write the word True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is incorrect.

1. MSDS provides information on how to handle, store, discard and care for potentially
hazardous chemicals

2. OHS is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you work by
recognizing and identifying hazards and risks in the nail salon.

3. Identifying workplace hazards means looking for those things at your workplace that have
the potential to cause harm.

4. Damaged equipment may cause an accident or injury if they are not working properly.

5. In any occupation where there is exposure to blood and other bodily fluids, there is always
the potential for the transmission of blood borne allergy.

6. To avoid injury and harm to health of salon's client, it is important that new or
inexperienced workers should be adequately trained in OHS.

7. Ergonomics reduces stress and eliminate injuries and disorders associated with the overuse
of muscles, bad posture and repeated tasks

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 8. PPE protects workers from chemical hazards.

9. Back injuries are most commonly caused by wrong posture or position and can be
prevented.

10. Nail workers have an obligation to ensure their clients’ health and safety.

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Activity Sheet 1.1

I. Venn Diagram Learning

Activity. Procedure
1. Group yourselves into five (5) members.
2. Choose your reporter and complete the Venn Diagram.
3. List down common hazards that might be encountered in the following areas:
 Mall
 School
 Market
4. Report the common hazards in class.
5. Keep your group notes, which you will use in the next lesson.

Mall Market

School

HAZARD RECOGNITION ACTIVITY

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 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly.

Scoring Rubric

Fair Good Very Good

5 pts 10 pts 15 pts

Knowledge and Students were able to Students were able to Students were able to
understanding convey limited ideas on convey a few ideas on convey several ideas on
the topic with little the topic with some the topic with a good
knowledge. degree of knowledge. degree of
knowledge.

Accuracy Work was organized Work was organized Work was organized
and planned with little and planned with and planned with
effectiveness. some effectiveness. considerable
effectiveness.

Effort Students put little or Students put some Students put full effort
no effort into this effort into this activity. into this activity.
activity.

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 Rating Scale

15 ̶ The students consistently perform tasks to standards with no supervision.

10 ̶ The students can perform the tasks with limited supervision and/or does not perform the task to
standard.
5 ̶ The students can perform the tasks with direct supervision.

How Do You Extend Your Learning?

Directions: Look for hazards and risks that might be present in your house. Place a sticker whenever you
find possible hazards inside your house. Identify potential risks that could transpire in your house.

PART OF THE HOUSE HAZARD RISK

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Evaluate and control hazards and risks

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Terms of maximum tolerable limits are identified based on threshold limit values (TLV)
Evaluate and control hazards and risks
OHS issues and concerns are identified in accordance with workplace requirements

Materials

 LCD projector, video clips, laptop

 Workplace/simulated environment

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 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the evaluation and control of hazards and ris

Pretest LO 2

Directions:
Answer the following questions to demonstrate your prior knowledge on health and safety
issues in the workplace.

1. If spillage occurs,
a. walk over it
b. shout for help
c. throw towel over it
d. identify the spillage to everyone and clean up appropriately

2. To avoid product contamination, always

a. dispose of used or remaining product between clients
b. use an applicator bottle or dropper to apply the product.
c. Use single-use disposable implements to remove products from containers for application or
remove product with a clean and disinfected spatula and put product to be used into a disposable
or disinfectable service cup.
d. all of the above

3. If you are carrying out a nail service and the fire alarm sounds’, you should
a. leave the workplace and run
b. leave the client to relax while you go out to some safe area
c. ignore it (because it might be a false alarm)
d. assist your client to the nearest exit and safe place

4. Occupational health and safety risk assessment is carried out to

a. make the nail salon look professional
b. assess the risk of using chemical substances
c. assess the risk of using equipment
d. prevent injury, infection or accidents

5. An overloaded socket requires you to

a. repair and obtain an extension wire until new sockets can be fitted
b. keep on using it
c. ensure candles are not near to it
d. inform people about the wet floor

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 What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much yo

Information Sheet 2.1

Evaluating hazards and risks is the process of determining the level of risk created by the hazard
and the likelihood of injury or illness occurring. The priority of control increases as the established
level of risk increases. The person identifying the risk of harm or injury from a hazard in a salon
should consider these questions:
a. How likely that it is a hazard will cause harm;
b. How serious that harm is likely to be;
c. How often (and how many) workers are exposed.
You must have a record of every risk assessment. If this injury or harm happen again, it is possible that
you will go back to the original records to see if the original assessment overlook a possible hazard. The
assessment stage is essential because it will determine the type(s) of control methods required.

Reminder: a risk is the chance,( high or low) that somebody may be harmed by a hazard

Control Hazards and Risks

Where the assessment reveals a problem, preventive measures must be designed and implemented.
Control measures should now be selected according to the list of control priorities. First, try to eliminate
the hazard. If this is not possible, prevent or minimize exposure to the risk by one or a combination of:
a. substituting a less hazardous material, process or equipment
b. redesigning equipment or work processes
c. isolating the hazard
When exposure to the risk is not (or cannot be) minimized by other means:
a. Introduce administrative controls like safe work methods and operating procedures. Written
work procedures control the way the work is done.
b. Use appropriate personal protective equipment

PPE at Work

Personal protective equipment is a clothing designed to be worn by a nail technician or salon workers to
protect them from risks of injury or illness. It should only be considered as a control measure when
exposure to a risk cannot be minimized in another way, or when used in conjunction with other control
measures as a final barrier between the nail salon worker from the

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 chemical hazard and other cause of hazards. The PPE does not control hazards at the source equipment
which will protect you from risks to health and safety.

PPE is composed of the following:

Impermeable gloves Eyewear

Splash proof apron Protective mask

Advantages of wearing PPE at work:

 Prevents damage to workers’ nails and skin
 To prevent skin from absorbing potentially harmful chemicals which may cause skin
allergies, irritation, or other related problems.
 So as not to generate a lot of dust, it may be necessary to wear a dust mask to
minimize breathing in particles while filing or buffing nails.
 Protects the wearer's face and prevents the breathing of air contaminated with
chemical and/or biological agents.

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 Common workplace hazards and their control measures

The following are workplace hazards and their control measures:

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

Many of the electrical appliances used in the beauty salons can create serious health and safety
risks, particularly in wet conditions. Damage to equipment increases this risk. Electrical shock can
result in electrocution, burns and injuries from falls.

Control Measures:
a. Always check any electrical equipment before use.
b. Ask qualified electrician to check all electrical equipment in the workplace annually or as
often as needed.
c. Do not use broken or damaged electrical equipment should not be used, the tag must
warn people not to use the equipment.
d. When adjusting or cleaning equipment, SWITCH OFF the power and pull out the plug
and NOT by the cord.
e. Do not touch equipment with wet hands or use a wet cloth to clean sockets.
f. Make sure flexible cords are fully unwound and kept clear of work traffic.
g. Do not run too many pieces of equipment from one socket.

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 CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Chemical hazards are substances used and/or produced at work that have the potential to harm the health
and safety of people at work. The Beauty industry is exposed to repeated exposure to numerous hazardous
substances including nail and skin care products, hair dyes, bleaches, perming solutions, hair styling agents,
straighteners, rebonding solutions, peroxides, disinfectants, and cleaning products. They can harm people’s
health if they get into the body, for example, if they are breathed in, absorbed through the skin or eyes or
ingested accidentally. The effects of hazardous substances may show immediately, or may take years for
illness or disease to develop. Health effects of some hazardous substances include skin irritation, coughs,
asthma, sensitization, poisoning and cancer.

Measures of Concentration of Toxic Chemical Substances

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

TLV is a measure of concentration of toxic substances.
It is the average concentration of an airborne substance to which most workers could be safely
exposed over an eight-hour working day or forty-hour working week throughout a working
lifetime.
Maximal Allowable Concentration (MCL)
MCL is a peak or maximum concentration of an airborne to which most workers could be safely
exposed.
Control Measures:
a. Use alternative substances or processes which are less hazardous
b. Provide good ventilation to get rid of the fumes and chemical smell that builds up in a salon
c. Provide separate eating and drinking amenities for employees
d. Ensure appropriate safety signs, training, instruction and provision of Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS) and labels
e. Use appropriate PPE

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 Slips, Trips, Falls

Slip – loss of balance caused by too little friction between a person’s foot and a walking surface.

The results of slips, trips and falls include broken bones, abrasions, contusions, strains, sprains, back or
Trips – hit an object, lose your balance and fall

spinal injuries and other serious injuries. During a slip, trip or fall accident, injury may be caused by over
stretching joints, bones and ligaments.

Falls – when you lose your balance & drop to the floor

Control Measures
a. Clean up spills straight away.
b. Use mats on slippery floors.
c. Wear appropriate work shoes.
d. Improve cleaning methods to prevent build-up of grease/detergent
e. Provide ample storage space, to avoid materials being placed in aisles/walkways
f. Set absorbent flooring materials into entrance areas

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 FIRE SAFETY

As a beauty salon staff, you must be aware of and trained in fire and emergency evacuation
procedures in the workplace. An emergency exit route will be the easiest route by which all of the
clients and staff can leave the building or salon safely.
Control Measures
a. Keep all escape routes and fire exits clear, and make regular checks to ensure they are safe
to use
b. Firefighting equipment must be available, located in a specified area. You can include
fire extinguishers, blankets, sand buckets, and water hoses.
c. Store products, particularly aerosols, away from naked flames or sources of heat, at or
below room temperature and in a dry atmosphere.
d. Switch off and unplug all electrical appliances before leaving the workplace .
e. Make sure that all workers in the salon are aware of the actions that one must take in the
event of a fire.

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 Manual Handling

Manual handling involves any activity that requires the use of force exerted by a person to lift,
lower, push, pull, carry or otherwise move any load. These can result in injuries to any part of the
body.
Nail salon workers use forceful repetitive movements such as filing and buffing nails and
holding uncomfortable positions for long periods of time, thereby increasing risk to joint and
musculoskeletal injuries.

Control measures
a. Plan the lift before you begin.
b. Position your feet shoulder width apart.
c. Bend your knees without moving your upper body, squat down to the floor. Keep the
shoulders level and facing in the same directions as the hips.
d. Get a firm grip and keep your arms within a boundary formed by the legs.
e. Keep the load as close to your body as possible.
f. Lift the load smoothly; do not jerk.
g. If an item is too high, use a stepladder or stool to help you.

Biological Hazards

Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, refer to biological substances that pose a
threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans. Micro-organisms are everywhere and are
continually introduced into the environment. They live on skin, in food and dirt. Micro-organisms are
easily spread between clients and operators and are easily transferred by contact with unwashed hands,
soiled equipment or contact with blood and body substances. Nail technicians must assume that all blood
and other body substances are potential sources of infection. To minimize transfer of micro-organisms, you
must perform all procedures in a safe and hygienic manner, following all infection control techniques
and procedures. Skin that is intact, without cuts or abrasions, is a natural protective barrier against
infection

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 Control Measures:
The following are the methods on how to control infectious diseases:

1. Cleaning is the removal of soil and a reduction in the number of micro-organisms from
equipment surfaces by washing in detergent and warm water.

Methods of Cleaning:
1. Rinse the equipment in warm water (15-30°C) to remove any blood or body fluids. Hot water
used at this stage will cause coagulation and the substances will stick to the instrument. Cold
water will harden fats, making cleaning more difficult.
2. Wash the equipment in a sink filled with warm water and a mild alkaline detergent to remove all
visible soiling (strong alkaline detergents may damage some instruments). Hold the items low in
the sink to limit the generation of aerosols during scrubbing. Use of a scouring pad can assist in
removing stains.
3. Rinse the equipment thoroughly in running water.
4. Dry with a cotton cloth. Drying prevents residues from damaging equipment during
sterilization.
5. Store under cover in a clean, dry, and dust-free environment.

2. Disinfection is the removal of micro-organisms by chemical or physical means. The level of

decontamination depends on duration of exposure to lethal levels of disinfectants. Unlike
sterilization, disinfection does not remove all microorganisms but reduces the population to safe
levels.

Proper use of disinfectants:

a. All implements must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible matter or residue before soaking in
disinfectant and prevent them from being effective.
b. Implements and tools must be completely immersed in disinfectant solution for the time
specified on the product label. Complete immersion of tools and implements means enough
liquid to cover all surfaces of the item including the handles.

3. Sterilization is the total destruction of all living micro-organisms and their spores.
Methods of sterilization:
1. Physical agents such as radiation and heat
2. Chemical agents, such as antiseptics, disinfectants and vapor fumigants

Ergonomics
Ergonomics is the study of how equipment and furniture can be arranged in order that
people can do work or other activities more efficiently and comfortably. It is important in the
adaptation of work conditions to the physical and psychological nature of people.
Below are pictures showing how ergonomics can help reduce strain to your bodies on the proper
posture during manicure and pedicure services.
A nail technician should consider the three main factors in nail servicing: 1.
Supporting the weight of the client's arm or leg
2. Working while looking down at the hand or foot of the client 3.
Looking forward at the hand or foot of the client

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The following pictures show how you are going to position the hand and foot of your client when giving
a manicure and pedicure services to avoid pain in your hands, shoulders and back

A. Correct position of hand while giving a manicure

Correct position of the client's hand Incorrect position of client's hand

Use a rolled towel or hand cushion when giving a manicure client's arm weight will rest on the
cushion instead of holding it. Repetitive motion, takes a toll on your muscles and joints and can cause
long-term problems,such as arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a type of compression neuropathy, a nerve damage caused by

compression and irritation of the median nerve in the wrist. The nerve is compressed within the carpal
tunnel, a bony canal in the palm side of the wrist that provides passage for the median nerve to the hand
and can be due to trauma from repetitive works.

B. Correct position of foot while a giving a pedicure

Correct position of client's leg Incorrect position of client's leg

Correct position of client's leg

Elevate the client's feet and place them on a footrest that bears his or her weight. During the
massage portion of a service, the footrests can bear the majority of the weight so you as a nail technician
can limit the pressure on your back, shoulders, and neck.

Incorrect position of client's foot:

Do not bear the weight of a client’s leg by resting the foot in your lap or by using your own
strength to lift and lower the leg. This position will cause strains in the muscles in your shoulders and
back. It also reduces your mobility to be agile as you work through the different steps of the service.

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 C. Correct position of a pedicurist in giving a pedicure service

Correct position of pedicurist Incorrect position of pedicurist

Keep your back straight and supported while giving a pedicure service. Use both the height adjustment of your ch

Incorrect position of nail technician while giving a pedicure service

If you need to perform close-up, detailed work, guard against rounding the shoulders and extending the neck to ge
strain to your body as you try to get into a position that will give you best perspective.

D. Correct position of your feet while giving a manicure service

Correct position of pedicurist's feet Incorrect position of pedicurist's feet

Correct position of pedicurist's feet

As nail technician, you may twist your chair because you want to get closer to your work. Instead of
contorting yourself into this position, it use a table with a cut-out that allows you to sit straight in your
chair but still work on the client’s hands from an angle. You can improve your posture even without a
cut-out in the desk by strengthening your core muscles so you are able to sit straight for longer periods
of time. It is also important to develop a habit of keeping both feet on the floor to prevent the
unbalanced compression.

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 Incorrect position of pedicurist's legs
This nail technician has her shoulders rolled forward, her left arm is resting on the table, which
pushes her shoulder up, she is twisted in her chair, and her legs are crossed. This will cause more
compression on one side of the body than the other.

How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 2.1

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

Completion Test: Evaluation and Controlling hazards and risks

Directions: Choose the word from the box given below to complete the sentences.
reduction burns slips microorganism
clear, health injury illness
airborne syndrome

1. Disinfection does not remove all but reduces the

population to safe levels.
2. The person identifying the risk of harm from an of
hazard in a salon should be aware of the OHS procedures.
3. Cleaning is the removal of soil and a in the number of
micro-organisms from equipment surfaces by washing in detergent and warm water.
4. Keep all escape routes and fire exits and make regular
checks
ensure they are safe to use.
5. During a , trip or fall accident, injury may be caused by over
stretching joints, bones and ligaments
6. Personal protective equipment is clothing equipment designed to be worn by a nail
technician or salon workers to protect them from risks of injury
or .
7. Electrical shock can result in electrocution and injuries from
falls.
8. effects of some hazardous substances include skin
irritation, coughs, asthma, sensitization, poisoning and cancer.
9. Carpal tunnel is a type of compression neuropathy , a nerve
damage caused by compression and irritation of the median nerve in the wrist..
10. MCL is a peak or maximum concentration of an to which
most worker could be safely exposed.

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 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Activity Sheet 2.1

I. Directions: This is group activity: Visit and conduct an interview with salon workers in a nail
salon nearby your place. Use the checklist below to serve as your basis in evaluating the hazards
and risks in a nail salon.

Do the hazards exist at the workplace?

CHECKLIS
Physical load and ergonomic workplace design YES NO
T
QUESTIONS
The checklist consists of questions on types of occupational hazards. The questions can be
1. Do clients’ and nail technicians’ seats enable a
answered by “YES” or “NO”. Measures that can be taken to eliminate or reduce hazard are
good working posturethemselves.
for the variety
Thisofchecklist
differentis not intended to cover all the
often already indicated by questions
tasks carried
but out by ayou
nailput
technician?
risks of every workplace to help the method into practice.
2. Does the amount of working space cause
uncomfortable working postures?
3. Do nail technicians work in solid shoes (without
heels) that give good support and enable a good
working posture?
4. Do nail technicians complain about the climate or
smell in the salon?
5. Is there sufficient light for safe and efficient task
performance?
Working with chemicals hazards
QUESTIONS
1. Are all bits of information about the hazards of the
chemicals available and known to all employees?
2. Are employees sufficiently protected from exposure
to chemical?
3. Are the manufacturers’ safety instructions followed?
4. Have employees been instructed on working safely
with dangerous materials?

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 5. Are protective gloves routinely being used for
chemical tasks and for cleaning tasks by all
employees?
6. Are all employees instructed in the use of, and
encouraged to use, protective gloves and creams?

Electrical risks, slips, trips, and falls

QUESTIONS
1. Are the floors slippery and dirty during work time?
2. Are aisles or passageways tidy free from cords, electrical
cables and extension boards lying on the
floor?
3. Do the employees wear slippery shoes?
4. Is electrical equipment (foot spa machine) used
according to the suppliers’ safety instruction?
5. Are the electrical devices and cables undamaged
and regularly examined?
6. Are electrical devices protected against splash
water?

Activity Sheet 2.2

II. FILM CLIPS VIEWING

You are going to view film clips that provide a basic introduction to health and safety signs and
symbols found in the workplace. They provide a useful guide for you and other people who will undergo
other services in the industry. Different workplace situations are shown where safety signs are important.
The film is suitable for all sectors and all levels of employees but especially for young people in training or
work experience. It will inform you about safety signs at work.

Directions:
1. Watch the Napo film clips provided.
 Film: Safe Start, Scene: Watch Out For Others Too
 Film: Danger, Chemicals, Scene: Dangerous to the environment
 Film: Risky Business, Scenes: Assess The Risks and Act On Risks
 Film: Safety Inside and Outside of Work, Scene: An edited section (for example
from the stairs to the football)
2. Group yourselves into five (5)
 Discuss the hazards shown in the scenes.
 Explain to class the meanings of hazard and risk and give your recommendations
on how to prevent hazards and risks according to the film clips shown.
.

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 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly.

15 pts 10 pts. 5 pts.

Content and Content is Content is accurate. Content is

Development comprehensive and Incomplete.
accurate.

Major points are stated Major points are Major points are
clearly and are well stated. not clear and/or
supported. persuasive.

Accuracy Students used five (5) Students have four Major errors in
sentences with accurate, (4) sentences with factual information
factual information. accurate, factual with two (2) or less
information. sentence.

Effort Students put much Students put some Students put little or
efforts into this activity. effors into this activity. no effort into this
activity.

Rating Scale

15 = Very Good
10 = Good
5 = Fair

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How Do You Extend Your Learning?

Directions: In your assignment notebook, identify the hazards shown in the film clips. Discuss
how some risks are more dangerous than others by making a list of the risks from most to least
severe.

IDENTIFIED RISKS RANKING

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and

relax a while and then move on to the next
lesson. Good luck!

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 REFERENCES

LO1
 hhtp.//publications






LO 2

http.//publications

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 LESSON 4
Applying Basic Nail Designs

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO1.Identify nail structure and shapes; and

LO2. Create basic nail designs

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 Definition of Terms

Nail ̶ a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes

Keratin ̶ a sulfur-containing fibrous protein constituting the main structural protein of hard
epidermal tissues, such as horn , hair, feathers, nails, claws, hoofs, and the like

Dermis ̶ the second layer of skin, it contains blood vessels, nerves, hair roots and sweat glands

Hyponychium ̶ the epithelium of the nail bed, particularly its proximal part in the region of the nail
root and lunula, forming the nail matrix

Epidermis ̶ the upper or outer layer of the two main layers of cells that make up the skin. The epidermis is
mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells. These cells are round cells called basal cells.
The deepest part of the epidermis also contains melanocytes

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

Identify nail structures and shapes

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Nail structure and shapes are identified;

Nails are trimmed and varied shapes are applied;
Nails diseases and disorders are identified.

Materials

 Tools, equipment, and specification

 Pictures
 Workplace/simulated environment

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 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the nail structure and basic nail designs. Take t

Pretest LO 1
1

Directions:
3 2
1. Label the different parts of the nail.

2. Identify the different shapes of the nail.

a) b) c)

d) e)

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 A. Nail Diseases and Disorders
Directions: Match the statement in column A with column B. Write the letter of your choice
on the space before the number.

Column A Column B

1. a vertical splitting or separation of the a. Blue nails

nail plate layers at the distal (free) edge
of the nail plate
2. extreme thickening curvature of the b. Brittle nails
nails, usually it is caused by varying
degree of hyperkeratosis
3. A condition nail plate which separates c. Claw nails
from the nail bed
4. Nail condition in which the cuticle d. Eggshell nails
splits around the nail.
5. chronic inflammation of the nail fold e. Hangnails
and nail bed (matrix)
6. is referred to ingrown nails which f. Onychauxis or hypertrophy
affect the fingers and toenails
7. infectious disease caused by a g. Onychia
vegetable parasite
8. deformity of nail plate caused by biting h. Onychocryptosis
nails
9. an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks
i. Onychomycosis
to the surfaces of nail plate
10. is caused by uneven growth of the
j. Onychophagy or bitten nail
nails, usually resulting from illness.
k. Pterygium

l. Ridges

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 What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well and then find out how much you can remember and how mu

Information Sheet 1.1

Basic Information About the Nail

The nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The main use of the
nail is to protect the fingers and toes. It also assists with certain physical activities in daily life.

Nail and its structure

Parts of the Nail

1. Lunula ̶ the pearly coloured and crescent-shaped area of a fingernail or toenail.

2. Cuticle ̶ the overlapping epidermis around the nail. It is the transparent skin, which is
called the 'true cuticle' which is removed during the manicuring process.
3. Free edge ̶ the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension of the nail
plate that overlaps the eponychium.
4. Matrix ̶ the part of the nail situated diectly beneath the cuticle. It produces the cells that
become the nail plate.

It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides the cells with
nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail will grow deformed.

5. Nail bed ̶ the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on, also a continuation of the matrix
and it is abundantly supplied with blood vessels and nerves.

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 6. Nail walls ̶ the folds of the skin that overlap the sides of the nail. They hold your nail in
place and protect the nail plate edges.
7. Nail plate ̶ is the visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is made
up of dead cells and a minimum amount of moisture.

Shapes of the Nail

The shape of nail conforms to the finger tips of an individual. It also determines how the
fingernails should be styled during a manicure.

1. Oval ̶ this is common among people with long, perfect nail beds. It may be styled slightly
rounded at the base and slightly pointed at the fingertips. Most often this type of nail has a
natural look and looks very good in a short-medium length.

2. Round ̶ ideal for shorter nails, the nail is allowed to grow out straight at the sides for
approximately 1.5 mm and then the tip is filed into a rounded shape. This is a strong shape
which is great for those who keep their nails short.

3. Stiletto/pointed ̶ filed away at the sides to a point at the tip; this shape is very weak as the
sides of the nail (which provide the strength) are totally lost.

Squoval ̶ Similar to the above but followed by squaring off the tip, giving the nail tip strength over the oval shap

Square The most popular among the nail shapes. It is created by allowing the nail to grow out straight and the
̶

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 Nail Diseases and Disorders

Nail diseases are conditions of both the nail and the surrounding skins which result from bacterial,
fungal and viral infections. Some conditions will show a green, yellow or black discoloration of the nail,
depending on the nature of the infection. The main course for infection is through damaged cuticles and
broken skin.

Many disorders can affect the nails. These disorders can affect any portion of the nail unit and can
impact the appearance of the nail plate itself. Nail disorders can r

Here is a list of the common nail disorders and diseases and their characteristics.

Nail Disorders Characteristics

1. Blue nails
Bluish in color; these may be attributed to
poor blood circulation or heart disorder.

2. Brittle nails
Vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate
layers at the distal (free) edge of the nail plate.
Over exposure to detergent soap and other
chemical solvents may be the cause.

3. Bruised nails Shows dark purplish (almost black or brown)

spots, usually due to injury and bleeding of the
nail bed. As the nail grows, dried blood in the
nail bed will also go out.

4. Eggshell nails In this disorder, the nail plate separates from

the nail-bed and curves at the free edge. It may
be caused by chronic illness of the systemic or
nervous origin.

5. Furrows These are long ridges that run either

lengthwise or across the nail. Some lengthwise
ridges are normal in adults. These ridges
increase with age and can also be caused by
psoriasis, poor circulation and frostbite.

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 Ridges that run across the nail are caused by
high fevers, pregnancy, and measles.

6. Hangnails These are marked by a condition in which the

cuticle splits around the nail. Carelessness in
removing the cuticle, dryness, cutting off too
much may result in hangnails. It may cause
infection if not treated.

7. Leconychia or
white spot White spot appears frequently in the nails.
They may be caused by injury to the base of
the nail. As the nail continues to grow, these
white spots eventually disappear.

8. Pterygium It is an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to

the surfaces of nail plate. Carefully remove
the adhering growth by means of a cuticle
nipper.

9. Onychatrophia It is described as wasting away of the nail.

The nail loses its luster, shrinks, and falls.
This can be caused by injury to the nail
matrix or by internal disease.

10. Onychauxis or It is an overgrowth of the nail usually in

hypertrophy thickness rather than length. It is caused by
an internal imbalance, such as local infection
or heredity.

11. Onychophagy or It is a deformity of the nail plate caused by

bitten nail biting the nails. Biting is an acquired nervous
habit which prompts the individual to chew
the nail or the hardened cuticle.

12. Onychorrhexis or These are caused by an injury to the finger,

split or brittle nails careless filing of the nails, excessive use of
cuticle solvents and nail polish removers. The
nails may be extremely dry because of some
granular disorder.

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 13. Ridges
It is caused by uneven growth of the
nails, usually resulting from illness.
Buffing the nails with paste polish will
help remove the ridges.

14. Treating cuts It is caused by an accident during manicure.

Apply an antiseptic immediately. Do not
apply nail polish on the affected area.

Nail Diseases Characteristics

1. Onychomycosis It is an infectious disease caused by a vegetable

parasite. The onset of the disease takes about
two to three months and the attack is rarely on
more than one or two nails. The appearance of
the nail is frayed (worn out), brittle with
furrowed surface, opaque, grayish, or yellowish
in color and is lifted-up by an accumulation of
epidermis underneath.

2. Onychia
It is chronic inflammation of the nail fold and
nail bed (matrix). It results from the introduction
of microscopic athogen through small wounds.

3. Onychocryptosis
This refers to ingrown nails which affect the
fingers and toenails. It is marked by nail growth
into surrounding tissues and may cause
infection. Incorrect trimming a shaping of nails
are often responsible for ingrown nails.

4. Onychoptosis It is the periodic shedding of one or more nails,

either in whole or in part. This condition maybe
a symptom of a more alarm disease such as
syphilis or can result from fever, trauma
systematic upset or
adverse reaction to drug.

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 5. Onycholysis It refers to the detachment of the nail from the
nail bed, starting at its distal and/or lateral
attachment. The most common cause of
onycholysis is psoriasis, an unhealthy skin
condition.

6. Onychogryphosis These pertains to extreme thickening

or claw nails curvature of the nails, usually caused by
varying degree of hyperkeratosis (skin
disease in which the skin gets thicker) on the
distal portion of the nail bed that detaches
and lifts the plate off the bed.

How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 1.1

Test 1. Enumeration

Directions: Enumerate the following.

A. Parts of the nail

B. Shapes of nails

Test II. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. Free edge is the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension of the
that overlaps the hyponychium.

2. are the folds of the skin that overlap the sides of the nail. They hold your nail in place
and protects the nail plate edges.

3. Nail bed is the part of the nail on which the nail plate . It is also a
continuation of the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood vessels and nerves.

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4. The matrix produces the cells that grow into the nail plate. It is situated directly below the
. It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides the cells with
nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail will grow deformed.

5. is the visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is made up of dead
cells and minimum amount of moisture.

COMPLETION TEST

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. Choose your answers from the box
below and write your answers on the space provided for.

Hyperkeratosis Bluish Eggshell nails

Onychia Uneven Furrows Detachment

Treating cuts Shedding Hangnail

1. are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail.
2. is a term applicable to chronic inflammation of the nail fold and nail bed.
3. Onychogryphosis pertains to extreme thickening curvature of the nails and usually it is
caused by varying degrees of .
4. Onychoptosis is the periodic of one or more nails, either in whole or in
part.
5. Ridges are caused by growth of the nails, usually resulting from
illness
6. Blue nail is in color, and may be attributed to poor blood circulation or
heart disorder.

7. are caused by an accident during manicure service.

8. is a condition in which the cuticle splits around the nail.

9. separates from the nail bed and curves at the free edge.

10. Onycholysis refers to the of the nail from the nail bed, starting at its
distal and/or lateral attachment.

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Operation Sheet 1.1

Trim Your Nails

Trimming of nail plays a very vital role. It is very easy task but sometime it causes little problems such
as unwanted abrasions and ingrown nails, when done not properly Apply the following steps when
cutting the nails.

Step 1:
Step 2:
Prepare the types of instruments for this task. Nail cutter, who has small or medium slightly curved
Before using your nail cutter, make sure that it is clean. Wash your nail cutter to remove dust and germs,
blades, which are suitable for trimming the finger nails. Nail cutters with straight blades are suitable
specially when you are sharing your nail cutter with someone else. Dry it thoroughly after washing it.
for use.
Step 3:
Wash your hands. Wipe them dry with any towel or tissue paper. This process cleans your
fingernails and helps soften them, making them easier to cut.

Step 4:
You must cut your nails in a place where you can clearly see what you are doing. Have a small
receptacle ready so you can collect the trimmed nails.

Step 5:
Decide the shape of your nails. Decide which shape you actually want. After deciding, lift the nail cutter
and start cutting your nails.

Step 6:
Start cutting your nails starting from your little finger,

Step 7
Make at least two or three cuts of a finger nail until everything is snug. Follow the curve of the nail to
get a clean cut. Check skin flaps after each cut and remove them carefully.

Step 8:
Sit comfortably and crouch your knee side to easily reach up and see the nails clearly. Be sure not to set
up deep razor to prevent scratches. Adjust the position of razor if you feel any discomfort.

Step 9:
After cutting your nails, use a nail file to smooth any rough and odd surface on your nails. When you file,
do it in on tilt – from the corner of the nail to go down.

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Step 10:
Apply some moisturizer on your hands to keep the cuticles moisturized and smooth.

How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly.

Criteria for Judging Points Score

General Appearance
 Different nail shapes are applied 35
 Proportion of the different nail shapes were
observed

Workmanship 35
 Neatness in work were observed

Cleanliness 20
 Work area is cleaned

Speed 10
 Finished based on allotted time

TOTAL

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Create Basic Nail Designs

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Different basic nail designs are explained and demonstrated through visuals
Different basic nail designs are created on mock nails.

Materials

 Tools, equipment and specification

 Pictures
 Workplace/simulated environment

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 What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the different basic nail designs. Take this

I. Directions: Identify the names of the following basic nail designs.

1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

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 What Do You Need To Know?

Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well and then find out how much you can remember and how much

Information Sheet 2.1

Basic Nail Designs

The following are basic nail designs which you can offer in a nail salon. Steps and illustrations are shown
below.
A. Plain manicure ̶ the application of nail polish to the entire nail plate

How to make plain manicure

1. Apply base coat
 Begin with the little finger on one hand. Repeat polish application on the other hand
2. Apply two coats of polish
 Use light long strokes from nail base to free edge.
 Apply first coat to the middle of the nail first and then to the sides.
 Apply second coat of polish on both hands.
 Remove excess polish around nail with a cotton tipped orangewood stick
3. Apply top coat
 Apply a top coat over the entire nail plate.
Tips
Learn the history of color by buying an artist color wheel. You can use what you learn
to help clients select complementary colors that match their skin tone.

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 B. Half-Moon ̶ involves applying of nail polish over the whole nail plate except the lunula.

How to make a half-moon nail design:

1. Apply base coat
2. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes
to dry.

3. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side of the nail following the shape of the lunula.
Repeat the application of the nail polish if necessary.

4. Remove excess polish from the skin.

5. Apply top coat.

C. Half- Moon with Tip ̶ It involves the application of colored polish over the whole nail plate except
the area of lunula and tip of the nail.

How to make a half-moon design with Tip

1. Apply base coat.
2. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes
to dry.

3. Apply colored nail polish from one side to the other side of the nail to form a half-moon, leaving the
lunula of the nail. Leave the part of the free edge. The free edge should be seen as in Fig 5. Repeat the
application of nail polish if necessary.

4. Remove excess polish

5. Apply top coat

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D. French Manicure or Tip design ̶ involves the application of colored
polish over the whole part of the nail except the area of the free-edge.

How to make a French manicure design (Variation no. 1)

1. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes
to dry.

3. Apply colored nail polish from one side to the other side of the nail following the shape of the free
edge. Repeat the application of nail polish if necessary.

4. Remove excess polish.

5. Apply top coat.

French Manicure or Tip design (Variation no. 2) ̶ involves the application of white nail polish
or colored polish on the tips and coating the rest of the nail with a sheer polish . It is suitable for short
and moderately long nails.

How to make French manicure (Variation no. 2)

1. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply a coat of translucent pink polish over your entire nail.
3. With the use of white or colored nail polish, draw a thin line over the tip of the nail
following the shape of the free edge of the nail. Apply second coating if necessary.
4. Remove excess polish.
5. Apply top coat.

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E. Elephant Tusk
Elephant tusk is a style that involves the application of nail polish to create S curve, leaving a slightly
larger gap along the nail walls.

How to make an elephant tusk nail design:

1. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few

minutes to dry.
2. Apply colored nail polish creating a half circle design at the
inner side of the nail as you continue it to form an S.
3. Fill up the other side to complete the design.
4. Remove excess polish.
5. Seal with a top coat.

How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 2.1

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

Directions: Identify the following nail designs. Write your answer on the blank before each
number.

1. It is the application of nail polish to the entire nail plate.

2. It involves the application of colored polish over the whole nail plate
except the lunula and the nail tip.

3. It involves applying of nail polish over the whole nail plate except the lunula.

4. It involves the application of nail polish to create an S curve, leaving a

slightly larger gap along the nail walls.
5. It involves the application of colored polish over the whole part of the nail
except the free-edge.

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 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

Show that you have learned something by doing this activity.

Operation Sheet 1.1

Objectives:
To learn the techniques in applying plain manicure, half- moon, half-moon with tip, French
manicure, and elephant tusk designs on plastic spoons through group activity.

Materials:
base coat, colored polish, top coat, acetone, cotton, orange wood stick, plastic spoons

Directions:
1. Prepare all the materials needed in basic nail designs.
2. Follow the given instructions for every nail designs.
3. Consider the size, color, and shapes of your plastic spoons when undertaking this activity.
4. Display your finished project on used illustration board.

A. Plain manicure

Steps in Plain manicure

1. Apply Base coat.
2. Apply two coats of polish.
3. Apply top coat.

B. Half-moon

How to make a half-moon:

1. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side of the nail following the shape of the
lunula.
3. Repeat the application of nail polish if necessary.
4. Remove excess polish from the skin.
5. Apply top coat.

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C. Half- moon with Tip

Steps in Giving Half-moon with Tip

1. Apply white or platinum nail polish and leave for a few minutes to dry.
2. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side of the nail to form the half-moon,
leaving the lunula of the nail.
3. Remove excess polish
4. Apply top coat..

D. French Manicure
French design or Tip design (Variation no. 1) Steps in
giving French manicure (Variation no. 1)

1. Apply white or platinum polish and leave for a few minutes to

dry.
2. Apply colored polish from one side to the other side following the shape of the free- edge.
3. Remove excess polish
4. Apply top coat.

French design or Tip design (Variation no. 2) Steps in

giving French manicure (Variation no. 2)

1. Apply base coat and leave for a few minutes
2. Apply a coat of translucent pink polish over your entire nail.
3. With the use of white or platinum nail polish, draw a thin line over the tip of the nail
following the shape of the free edge of the nail. Apply second coating if necessary.
4. Remove excess polish.
5. Apply top coat.

E. Elephant Tusk

Steps in making Elephant Tusk:

a) Apply base coat (platinum) twice.
b) Apply colored nail polish creating a half circle design at the
inner side of the nail as you continue it to form and S.
c) Fill up the other side to complete the design.
d) Remove excess polish.
e) Seal with a top coat.

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 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Score Card honestly.

Criteria for Judging Points Score

General Appearance
 Color combinations of the nail 35
polish are evident.
 Nail designs were creatively
applied.
 Proportion of the different nail
designs were observed.

Workmanship
 Nail polish coat were evenly 35
applied
 neatness in work were observed.

Quality.
 Durability of the finished project 20
were observed

Speed
 The project was finished and 10
submitted on time.

TOTAL

Rating Scale
95-100 = Outstanding
85-94 = Very satisfactory
75-84 = Satisfactory
65-74 = Needs improvement

Congratulations! You did a great job! You have

come to the end of this module!

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 REFERENCES

LO1
kreativestudios.com

LO 2
kreativestudios.com

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ANSWER KEYS:

LESSON 1

LO1:
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
1. Cuticle Nail Pusher
2. Nail File
3. Sterilizer
4. Orangewood Stick
5. Hand Spa Machine
6. Buffer
7. Pumice Stone
8. Trolley
9. Alcohol
10. Base coat

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. Cuticle Nail Pusher

2. Nail File
3. Nail Cutter/Nail Clipper/Nail Trimmer
4. Nail Buffer
5. Emery board
6. Orangewood Stick
7. Foot Spa Machine
8. Sterilizer
9. Foot Spa Stool
10. Hand Spa Machine

LO2:
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

1. D
2. C
3. E
4. B
5. A
6. I
7. J
8. H
9. F
10. G

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HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. To avoid cracking and splitting of the nails.

2. So that live tissue at the root of the nail will not be injured.
3. Buffing gives the nails natural gloss and increases the circulation of the blood to the
fingernails.
4. So as not to injure live tissues.
5. It can cause sores, open wounds and possible infection.

LESSON 2

LO1:
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
A.
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. A

B.
1. Sanitizing implements and equipment are essential because they kill and prevent the growth of
germs. Unsanitized equipment can spread germs from one person to another, potentially leading to
serious infections.
2. Sterilization is the process of destroying all living micro-organisms while sanitation is the process
of destroying some, but not all microorganisms.

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. Before and after each nail care service

2. After metal tools and equipment have been sterilized, they must be stored in a cabinet until
needed.

3. Waste materials should be disposed of properly in an enclosed bin with polythene bag while
contaminated materials should be disposed of as recommended by local authorities..

4. To prevent accidents, injury and spread of potential diseases and to give the highest
professional nail care service.

5. Tools and equipment are in good condition when they are not defective and can be used
efficiently. They are not in good condition if they are faulty, rusty, and do not function
efficiently.

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LO2:
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
A.
1. Sterilize
2. Disinfect
3. Boil
4. Store
5. Inspect
6. Sanitary
7. Water
8. Enclosed
9. Washed
10. Directed

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Ways to Keep Tools and Equipment Safe and Functional

a. Sterilize metal implements after each use in a hospital-grade disinfectant that is bactericidal, virucidal,
and fungicidal. This disinfectant can be found in beauty supply stores. Immerse the tools in the
disinfectant for 10 minutes.
b. Disinfect foot basins after each use with a bleach solution. Make a 1-to-10 solution by mixing one
part bleach with 10 parts water. Using gloves, rinse the basin with the solution to disinfect. If
necessary, scrub with a detergent to remove any dirt or debris.

c. Use a boiling method of sterilization once a month to disinfect all metal implements. Designate one
pot for sterilization to prevent cross-contamination with food. Submerge the tools in boiling water
for 10 minutes. Drain the tools and allow them to dry.

d. Store sterilized metal implements in an airtight, zipper-sealed bag to keep them from being exposed to
dirt and bacteria. Be sure tools are completely dry before storing them. If waiting more than a couple
of weeks before the next nail care service, sterilize the tools again before use.

e. Inspect tools and equipment regularly to identify defective ones for repair, replacement or
condemnation.

Ways to Keep a Salon Clean and Safe

1. All beauty salons must be well-lighted, and well-ventilated, and must in good sanitary
condition.
2. The salon premises must be free from rodents, vermin, flies and similar insects.
3. All salon establishments must be provided with continuous running hot and cold water.
4. The curtains and floor coverings in the salon must be washable and kept clean.
5. All hair, used cotton and other waste materials must be removed from the floor
immediately, and deposited in a closed container. Get rid of them from the salon
premises at frequent intervals.
6. The rest rooms must be well-sanitized and be provided with individual towels.

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 7. All waste materials should be disposed of in an enclosed waste bin fitted with polythene bin
liner, durable enough to resist tearing.

LO3:
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
1. Plastic
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. Repaired/replaced/disposed of

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Metal tools and instruments must be sterilized following proper sterilization techniques. After the
process, store in a dry cabinet until needed. Tools/implements which are made of porous materials such as
nail files, buffers, nail brushes and orangewood sticks can harbor bacteria easily. Since they are wood
products which cannot be sterilized, these tools should not be reused. The hand and foot spa machines
must be kept dry after disinfecting them.

LESSON 3

ANSWER KEYS:
LO1:
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

1. Risk
2. Harm
3. Risk assessment
4. Training
5. Unsafe practices

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. True
10. True

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LO2:
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

1. Identify the spillage to everyone and clean up appropriately

2. All of the above
3. Assist your client to the nearest exit and safe place
4. Preventing injury, infection, or accidents
5. Unsafe practices

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. Microorganism
2. Injury
3. Reduction
4. Clear
6. Slips
7. Illness
8. Burns
9. Health
10. Syndrome
11. Airborne

LESSON 4
LO1.

WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

LO1.
Test 1

Test ll.
1. Stiletto
2. Squoval
3. Round
4. Square

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 5. Oval/Almond

Test lll.
1. B
2. D
3. K
4. J
5. L
6. E
7. G
8. H
9. C
10. I

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Test 1.

A.

B
1. Oval
2. Pointed
3. Square
4. Round
5. Squoval

Test II.

A. Fill in the Blanks

1. Nail plate
2. Nail walls
3. Rest
4. Cuticle
5. Nail plate

B. Completion Test
1. Furrows
2. Onychia
3. Hyperkeratosis
4. Shedding
5. Uneven

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 6. Bluish
7. Treating Cuts
8. Hangnails
9. Eggshell nails
10. Detachment

LO2.
WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?

1. Half-Moon with tip

2. French Manicure
3. Plain manicure
4. Half moon
5. Elephant tusk

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. Plain Manicure
2. Half-Moon with Tip
3. Half Moon
4. Elephant Tusk
5. French Manicure

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 Acknowledgement
This Learning Module was developed for the Exploratory Courses in Technology and Livelihood
Education, Grades 7 and 8 of the K to 12 Curriculum with the assistance of the following persons:

This Learning Module on Nail Care was developed by the following personnel:

MODULE WRITERS

BEATRIZ A. ADRIANO ANNABEL L. GUARDIAN

Principal IV Head Teacher III Carlos
E. Rodriguez Voc'l High School L. Albert High School
Nagtahan, Manila Brixton Hill, Santol, Quezon City

REVIEWERS

GIL P. CASUGA
Chief TESD
Specialist
REYNALDO S. MARIA A. ROQUE
DANTES Senior TESD Specialist
Senior TESD Specialist

BERNADETTE S. AUDIJE VICTORIO N. MEDRANO

Senior TESD Specialist Principal IV, SPRCNHS
PARALUMAN R. GIRON, Ed.D. BRENDA B. CORPUZ, Ph.D.
Chair, Sub-TWG on K to 10 TA for K to 12 Curriculum
OFELIA O. FLOJO BEATRIZ A. ADRIANO
Retired Assistant Chief, EED, Region IV- Principal IV, ERVHS
A
DOMINGA CAROLINA F. CHAVEZ
AIDA T. GALURA
Principal II, MBHS
VSA II, ACNTS
DOCUMENTORS / SECRETARIAT
PRISCILLA E. ONG
K to 12 Secretariat FREDERICK G. DEL ROSARIO
Head Teacher III, BNAHS
EMMANUEL V. DIONISIO
Head Teacher III, AFGBMTS LYMWEL P. LOPEZ
Teacher I, AFGBMTS
DANTE D. VERMON JR.
Teacher I, AFGBMTS LOUIE ANGELES
Teacher I, BNAHS
JOANNA LISA C.
CARPIO ROMANO T. LOPEZ
Teacher I, BNAHS
Teacher I, BNAHS

Dir. IMELDA B. TAGANAS

Executive Director, Qualifications Standards Office
K to 12 Learning Area Team Convenor, TLE/TVE

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