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Comparison Between Pelton-Francis and Kaplan

The document compares key parameters of the Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines, including their specific speeds, flow directions, hydraulic heads, working principles, and immersion in water. The Pelton wheel uses high heads and tangential jet flow, the Francis uses medium heads and radial inward flow, and the Kaplan uses low heads and axial flow with guide vanes that impart swirl to the water. Each turbine generates torque and rotation through different mechanisms depending on the flow characteristics entering the runner.

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mostafa gadelrab
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3K views1 page

Comparison Between Pelton-Francis and Kaplan

The document compares key parameters of the Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines, including their specific speeds, flow directions, hydraulic heads, working principles, and immersion in water. The Pelton wheel uses high heads and tangential jet flow, the Francis uses medium heads and radial inward flow, and the Kaplan uses low heads and axial flow with guide vanes that impart swirl to the water. Each turbine generates torque and rotation through different mechanisms depending on the flow characteristics entering the runner.

Uploaded by

mostafa gadelrab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Comparison between Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan

Comparison between Pelton, Francis and Kaplan

Turbine name Pelton Wheel Francis Kaplan

Parameter
Specific speed low medium high
(ns)
Flow direction Tangential flow- Radial flow-reaction Axial flow-reaction
impulse turbine turbine turbine
Hydraulic Head High; (300-1700 m) Medium; (30-550 Low; (2-80 m)
(H) m)
Working The high speed The water flows The water enters the
principle water coming out of radially through the turbine through the
the nozzle strikes runner, from guide vanes which
the splitter which outwards to inwards are aligned such as
divides the jet into then it is known as to give the flow a
two equal streams. an inward radial suitable degree of
These stream flow flow turbine. swirl. The flow
along the inner from guide vanes
curve of the bucket The energy passes through the
and leave it in the available at the inlet curved passage
direction opposite of the turbine is a which forces the
to that of incoming combination of radial flow to axial
jet. kinetic and pressure direction.
energy.
The change in The axial flow of
momentum water with a
(direction as well as component of swirl
speed) of water applies force on the
stream produces an blades of the rotor
impulse on the and loses its
blades of the wheel momentum, both
of Pelton Turbine. linear and angular,
This impulse producing torque
generates the torque and rotation (their
and rotation in the product is power) in
shaft of Pelton the shaft.
Turbine.

Immersion in Not immersed Completely Completely


water immersed immersed

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