Chapter 05 EE331 Power Electronics Lecture DC to DC Converter

Solved Problem set N°4 on DC choppers

Problem 5.1 : For the first quadrant chopper shown in figure 5.24, express the following
variables as functions of V, R and duty cycle ‘d’ in case load is resistive.
 Average output voltage and current
 Output current at the instant of commutation
 Average and RMS freewheeling diode current.
 RMS value of output voltage
 RMS and average chopper currents.

i0
+
Chopper
L
O v0
V FWD A
D


Fig. 5.24
Solution
t 
 Average output voltage, Vdc   ON  V  dV
 T 
V dV
Average output current, I dc  dc 
R R
 The chopper is commutated at the instant t  tON .
V
Therefore output current at the instant of commutation is , since V is the output
R
voltage at that instant.

 Freewheeling diode (FWD) will never conduct in a resistive load. Therefore average
and RMS freewheeling diode currents are zero.

 RMS value of output voltage

tON
1
  v dt
2
VO RMS  0
T 0

But vO  V during tON

tON
1
 V
2
VO RMS  dt
T 0

t 
VO RMS   V 2  ON 
 T 
VO RMS   dV

Mrs RECIOUI F.Z

Chapter 05 EE331 Power Electronics Lecture DC to DC Converter

tON
Where duty cycle, d
T
 RMS value of chopper current
= RMS value of load current

VO RMS 

R
dV

R
Average value of thyristor current
= Average value of load current

dV

R
Problem 5.2 : Input to the step up chopper is 200 V. The output required is 600 V. If the
conducting time of thyristor is 200 ssec. Compute;
 Chopping frequency,
 If the pulse width is halved for constant frequency of operation, find the new output
voltage.
Solution
V = 200 V, tON  200  s , Vdc  600V
 T 
Vdc  V  
 T  tON 
 T 
600  200  6 
 T  200  10 
Solving for T
T  300  s
 Chopping frequency
1
f 
T
1
f   3.33 KHz
300 10 6
 Pulse width is halved
200  106
Therefore tON   100 s
2
Frequency is constant
Therefore f  3.33KHz
1
T   300 s
f
 T 
Therefore output voltage =V 
 T  tON 
 300  10 6 
 200    300 Volts
6 
  300  100 10 

Mrs RECIOUI F.Z

Chapter 05 EE331 Power Electronics Lecture DC to DC Converter

Problem 5.3: A dc chopper in figure 5.25 has a resistive load of R  10 and input voltage
of V = 200 V. When chopper is ON, its voltage drop is 2 V and the chopping frequency is 1
kHz. If the duty cycle is 60%, determine
 Average output voltage
 RMS value of output voltage
 Effective input resistance of chopper
 Chopper efficiency.

Chopper
i0
+

V R v0


Fig. 5.25
Solution

V = 200 V, R  10 , Chopper voltage drop, Vch  2V , d = 0.60, f = 1 kHz.

 Average output voltage
Vdc  d V  Vch 
Vdc  0.60  200  2  118.8 Volts

 RMS value of output voltage

VO  d V  Vch 
VO  0.6  200  2   153.37 Volts
 Effective input resistance of chopper is
V V
Ri  
I S I dc
V 118.8
I dc  dc   11.88 Amps
R 10
V V 200
Ri     16.83
I S I dc 11.88
 Output power is
dT
1 v02
PO   dt
T 0 R
V  Vch 
dT 2
1
PO 
T 
0
R
dt

d V  Vch 
2

PO 
R
Mrs RECIOUI F.Z
Chapter 05 EE331 Power Electronics Lecture DC to DC Converter

0.6  200  2
2

PO   2352.24 watts
10
dT
1
 Input power, Pi   ViO dt
T 0
1
dT
V V  Vch 
PO 
T 0 R
dt

dV V  Vch  0.6  200  200  2

PO    2376 watts
R 10
 Chopper efficiency,
P
  O  100
Pi
2352.24
  100  99%
2376
Problem 5.4 : A chopper feeding on RL load is shown in figure 5.26. With V = 200 V, R =
5, L = 5 mH, f = 1 kHz, d = 0.5 and E = 0 V. Calculate
 Maximum and minimum values of load current
 Average value of load current
 RMS load current
 Effective input resistance as seen by source
 RMS chopper current.

Solution
V = 200 V, R = 5 , L = 5 mH, f = 1kHz, d = 0.5, E = 0

1 1
Chopping period is T    1 103 secs
f 1 103

Fig.: 5.26

Refer equations (5.19) and (5.20) for expressions of I max and I min .

Maximum value of load current

 
dRT

V 1  e L  E
I max 
R 
RT  R
 1  e 
L

Mrs RECIOUI F.Z

Chapter 05 EE331 Power Electronics Lecture DC to DC Converter

 
3
0.55110

200 1  e 510
3

I max  0
5  
51103
 1  e 5103 
 

1  e 0.5 
I max  40  1 
 24.9 A
 1 e 

Minimum value of load current is

 dRT 
V  e L  1 E
I min  
R  RTL  R
 e  1 

 0.55110 
3

200  e 510 1

3

I min  0
5  51103
3

 e 510  1 
 

 e0.5  1 
I min  40  1   15.1 A
 e 1 

Average value of load current is

I I
I dc  1 2 for linear variation of currents
2

24.9  15.1
Therefore I dc   20 A
2

Refer equations (5.24) and (5.25) for RMS load current and RMS chopper current.

RMS load current from equation (5.24) is

1
 2  I max  I min  2
2

I O RMS    I min   I min  I max  I min  

 3 
1
  24.9  15.1 2
2

I O RMS   15.1 
2
 15.1 24.9  15.1
 3 
1
 96.04 2
I O RMS    228.01   147.98  20.2 A
 3 
RMS chopper current from equation is (2.25) is
I ch  d I O RMS   0.5  20.2  14.28 A
Effective input resistance is
V
Ri 
IS

Mrs RECIOUI F.Z

Chapter 05 EE331 Power Electronics Lecture DC to DC Converter

I S = Average source current

I S  dI dc
I S  0.5  20  10 A
Therefore effective input resistance is
V 200
Ri    20
IS 10

Mrs RECIOUI F.Z