Example 1. Lead has a superconducting transition temperature of 7.26 K.
If
initial field at 0 K is 50 × 103 Am−1, calculate the critical field at 6 K.
Model QP1-2023
Data: Transition temperature , Tc = 7.26 K
& T =6K
Field at 0K, i.e., H0 = 50 X 103 Am−1
To find: 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒆𝒊𝒍𝒅 𝑯𝒄 = ?
𝑻 𝟐
Solution: We have, 𝑯𝒄 = 𝑯𝟎 𝟏 − 𝑻𝒄
𝟑 𝟔 𝟐
𝑯𝒄 = 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟏− = 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟑
𝟕.𝟐𝟔
𝑯𝒄 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟑𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 Am−1
Example 2.
Example 3. A superconducting tin has a critical temperature of 3.7 K at zero
magnetic field and a critical field of 0.0306 Tesla at 0 K. Find the critical
field at 2 K. Model QP2-2023
Data: Transition temperature , Tc = 3.7 K
& T =2K
Field at 0K, i.e., H0 = 0.0306 Tesla
To find: 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒆𝒊𝒍𝒅 𝑯𝒄 = ?
𝑻 𝟐
Solution: We have, 𝑯𝒄 = 𝑯𝟎 𝟏 − 𝑻𝒄
𝟐 𝟐
𝑯𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟔 𝟏 − = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟔 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟐
𝟑.𝟕
𝑯𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 Tesla
Example 4. A superconducting material has a critical temperature of 3.7 K in
zero magnetic field and a critical field of 0.02 T at 0 K. Find the critical field at
3 K.
Data: Transition temperature , Tc = 3.7 K
& T =3K
Field at 0K, i.e., H0 = 0.02 Tesla
To find: 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒆𝒊𝒍𝒅 𝑯𝒄 = ?
𝑻 𝟐
Solution: We have, 𝑯𝒄 = 𝑯𝟎 𝟏 − 𝑻𝒄
𝟑 𝟐
𝑯𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟏 − = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟕
𝟑.𝟕
𝑯𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑 Tesla
Example 5. A superconducting sample has a critical temperature of 3.722 K in
zero magnetic field and a critical field of 0.0305 T at 0 K. Evaluate the critical
field at 2 K.
𝑯𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟕 Tesla
Example 6. The material lead (Pb) behaves as a superconductor at a
temperature of Tc = 7.26 K. If the value of critical magnetic field of lead at T =
0 K is Hc = 8 × 105 A/m, find the critical magnetic field of lead at 4 K.
𝑯𝒄 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 A/m
Example 7. The critical field for lead is 1.2 × 105 A/m at 8 K and 2.4 × 105 A/m
at 0 K. Find the critical temperature of the material.
Data: Critical field, Hc = 1.2 × 105 A/m
& T =8K
Field at 0K, i.e., H0 = 2.4 × 105 A/m
To find: 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑻𝒄 = ?
𝑻 𝟐
Solution: We have, 𝑯𝒄 = 𝑯𝟎 𝟏 − 𝑻𝒄
𝟓 𝟓 𝟖 𝟐 𝟏.𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟔𝟒
→ 𝟏. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟏− → = 𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐
𝑻𝒄 𝟐.𝟒×𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒄
𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒
→ = 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓 → 𝑻𝟐𝒄 =
𝑻𝟐𝒄 𝟎. 𝟓
𝑻𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑 K
Example 8. The critical field for niobium is 1 × 105 amp/m at 8 K and 2 × 105
amp/m at absolute zero. Find the transition temperature of the element.
Data: Critical Field, Hc = 1 × 105 A/m
& T =8K
Field at 0K, i.e., H0 = 2 × 105 A/m
To find: 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑻𝒄 = ?
𝑻 𝟐
Solution: We have, 𝑯𝒄 = 𝑯𝟎 𝟏 − 𝑻𝒄
𝟓 𝟓 𝟖 𝟐 𝟏×𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟔𝟒
→ 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟏− → = 𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐
𝑻𝒄 𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒄
𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒
→ = 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓 → 𝑻𝟐𝒄 =
𝑻𝟐𝒄 𝟎. 𝟓
𝑻𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑 K
[Link] critical fields for lead are 1.2 × 105 A/m & 3.6 × 105 A/m at 12 K
& 10 K, respectively. Find its critical temperature & critical field at 0K & 3.2 K.
Data: Critical field , Hc (T1) = 1.2 × 105 A/m , T1 = 12 K
& Hc (T2) = 3.6 × 105 A/m , T2 = 10 K
To find: 𝑪𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑻𝒄 = ? & 𝒇𝒆𝒊𝒍𝒅 𝑯𝟎𝑲 = ? & 𝑯𝟑. 𝟐𝑲 = ?
𝑻 𝟐 𝑻𝟏 𝟐
Solution: We have, 𝑯 𝒄 = 𝑯𝟎 𝟏 − 𝑻𝒄
→ 𝑯𝒄 (𝑻𝟏 ) = 𝑯𝟎 𝟏 − 𝑻𝒄
2 2
5
12 5
10
→ 1.2 × 10 = 𝐻0 1 − (𝟏) 𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 3.6 × 10 = 𝐻0 1 − (𝟐)
𝑇𝑐 𝑇𝑐
On dividing Eqn. (1) by (2),
12 2
1 1−
𝑇𝑐 10 2 12 2 432−100
= 10 2
→ 1− =3−3 → = 2 → 𝑻𝒄 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟖𝐊
3 1− 𝑇𝑐 𝑇𝑐 𝑇𝑐2
𝑇𝑐
2
12 1.2 × 105
Put in Eqn. (1), 1.2 × 105 = 𝐻0 1 − → 𝐻0 = 2 → 𝑯𝟎 = 𝟗. 𝟎𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑨/𝒎
12.88 12
1 − 12.88
Now for T=3.2K,
𝑻 𝟐 𝟑.𝟐 𝟐
𝑯𝒄 = 𝑯𝟎 𝟏 − 𝑻𝒄
→ 𝑯𝟑.𝟐 = 9.06 × 10 5
𝟏− 𝟏𝟐.𝟖𝟖
→ 𝑯𝟑.𝟐 = 𝟖. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝑨/𝒎
Example 10. Determine the transition temperature and critical field at 4.2 K
for a given specimen of a superconductor if the critical fields are 1.41 × 105
and 4.205 × 105 A/m at 14.1 K and 12.9 K, respectively.
𝑻𝒄 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟕K
