A 1 2 Nucleic Acid .

A 1 2 / DNA
. .

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid the genetic material for

organisms It's found chromosomes I contains the information for the growth
·

is .
in
genetic
I development of cells &
organisms ,

All living
·
:

organisms
Have at least cell Maintain Homeostasis· Capable of reproduction Contain DNA
· · ·

one

Capable of metabolism Respond to stimuli Grow I develop

· ·

Viruses contain DNA which surrounded by protein coat. don't possess most of the characteristics of life
However
they
·

is a ,

They don't have cells that

carry
out metabolism & homeostasis cannot respond to stimuli don't grow I aren't capable of
, , ,

reproducing. Viruses are

only replicated by host cells Hence They
.
,
aren't considered as living.

A1 .
2 2 . Nucleotides
phosphate RNA & DNA Nucleotides DNA RNA
-
Nitrogen base
· RNA contain
following nitrogen bases
the :
·

double stranded single stranded

--
Uracil Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine Uracil
· · ·

, , ,

DNA contain the nitrogen bases Deoxyribose Ribose

following
· ·
·
:

Thymine Adenine Cytosine Guanine sugar (H&C) (OH &(2)

·

-- , , , sugar
sugar

A 1 2 5 RNA
. . . as a
polymer A 1 2 6 DNA
.
. .
as a double helix
phosphate Deoxyribose
--
Ribose
Nitrogen base
--
phosphate --
--

Cytosine Guanine
tracil

↑
--

Nitrogen Base
↑ Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond

j
Adenine
Adenine Thymine Nucle-
otide

Hydrogen Bonds

Cytosine

Guanine
(Nucleo-
tide

A1 2 8 Role of base
. .

complementary pairing
Protein
synthesis
·

Transcription The :
DNA code is
m
~
transcribed to mRNA code RNA uncleotides DNA

↓Transcription
.

form hydrogen bonds with complementary DNA ~

mRNA
nucleotides
during transcription .

↓ Translation
1000
Translation mRNA code translated
by
·

: is

ribosomes into polypeptide sequence mRNA .

forms hydrogen bonds with +RNA

during
translation .