TTP

PHARMA COLLEGE HAWASSA CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF HEATH AND SOCIAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF
PHARMACY

PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION

PLAN, ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCE IN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER
APRIL 2024.

SUBMITTED TO: PHARMA COLLEGE TTP COORDINATION OFFICE

APRIL 2024
HAWASSA, ETHIOPIA
 LIST MEMBERS

NAME ID NO
1. Muluken Geremew PHR/6935/12 Team member
2. Rediet Tesfaye PHR/6698/12 ,,
3. Ewket Tsegaye PHR/6691/12 Team Reporter
4. Rediet Hailu PHR/7145/12 Team member
5. Bitaniya Tefera PHR/7108/12 ,,
6. Setachew Legese PHR/ 6675/12 Team leader
7. Naol Bedilu PHR/6845/12 Team member
8. Mebrate Abebe PHR/7138/12 ,,
9. Zelalem Harka PHR/ 11078/12 ,,
10. Marshet Mengistu PHR/6890/12 ,,
11. Abdu Ali PHR/6798/12 ,,
12. Hawi Tadele PHR/7128/12 ,,
13. Mintesinot Milkias PHR/6739/12 ,,
14. Mihret Aboye PHR/6807/12 ,,
15. Mihret Abiya PHR/7345/12 ,,
16. Firehwot Kassahun PHR/ 7175/12 ,,
17. Rediet Tefera PHR/6731/12 ,,
18. Birhan Alemu PHR/ 6725/12 ,,
19. Tilahun Simachew PHR/9306/12 ,,
20. Biniyam Daniel PHR/6690/12 ,,
21. Kassahun Kora PHR/8287/12 ,,
22. Shimeles Shala PHR/8402/12 ,,
23. Segni Tufa PHR/8412/12 Team logistic
24. Kalikidan Zeleke PHR/6800/12 Team member
25. Natnael Demelash PHR/6770/12 ,,
26. Abdurzak Tariku PHR/7092/12 ,,
27. Selam Elias PHR/6895/12 ,,
28. Lensa Tamiru PHR/7180/12 ,,
29. Amanuel Desta PHR/7100/12
30. Lidia Leta PHR/8008/12

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PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
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NAME ID NO
31. Lidiya Gizawu PHR/8002/12 Team member
32. Hiwot Bekele PHR/7987/12 ,,
33. Hawi Gelchu PHR/6683/12
34. Fakiya Abdulwahid PHR/7114/12 Team member
35. Fetia Nuredin PHR/7115/12 ,,
36. Abduba Mira PHR/7093/12
37. Mihereteab Tsegaye PHR/7142/12 Team member
38. Hiwot Seyu PHR/6764/12 ,,
39. Alfanesh Ayele PHR/7099/12 ,,
40. Mengesha Bekela PHR/7991/12 ,,
41. Getu Fukiso PHR/ 6852/12 ,,
42. Desalegn Geda PHR/6932/12 ,,
43. Hana Tadele PHR/7007/12 ,,
44. Emebet Abreham PHR/011062/12 ,,
45. Genet Wegu PHR/011079/12 ,,
46. Franschos Gebre PHR/ 010976/12 ,,
47. Douth Boum PHR/10953/12 ,,
48. Koang Ojulu PHR/6753 /12 ,,
49. Fitsum Esrael PHR/7119/12 ,,
50. Selam Teferi PHR/7152/12 ,,
51. Meron Yohannes PHR/7188/12 ,,
52. Kidist Mekeonen PHR/6756/12 ,,
53. Robel Habtamu PHR/6927/12 Team logistic
54. Habtamu Kassa PHR/7123/12 Team member
55. Lamrot Andualem PHR/6945/12 ,,
56. Woyinshet Wondimagegn PHR/7166/12 ,,
57. Selamawit Amare PHR/6874/12 ,,
58. Meseret Kebede PHR/6752/12 ,,
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, we would like to thank fully to Pharma College for giving us the chance to
work on this TTP

Secondly, our special thanks go to our Instructor, Mr. Muluken Altaye for his suggestion,

Constructive comments, further courageous and kindly support, and valuable guidance and
takepart in problem solving activities from the start to the end of these TTP program.

At last, but not the least, we would like to extend our thanks to Head of Millenium health
center all staff members and HEWs for their cooperativeness to work with us, provide
information and support.

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS I

PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL 2024.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGE
LIST MEMBERS............................................................................................................................. i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. I

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ II

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ IV

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... V

LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS ......................................................................... VI

SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. VII

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Background of the Study ..................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Background Information of The Millennium Health Centre ................................................ 3

2. OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................. 8

2.1. General Objective ................................................................................................................ 8

2.2. Specific Objectives .............................................................................................................. 8

3. METHODS AND MATERIALS ................................................................................................ 9

3.1. Study design and strategy .................................................................................................. 10

3.2. Study area and period......................................................................................................... 10

3.3. Sample size determination. ................................................................................................ 10

3.3. Static strategies ...................................................................................................................11

4. LIST OF COMMUNITY EDUCATION TOPICS.................................................................... 12

4.1. Action plan ......................................................................................................................... 12

4.2.1. General objectives for action plan .............................................................................. 12

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS II

PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL 2024.

4.2.2 Specific Objectives ...................................................................................................... 12

5. RESULT ................................................................................................................................ 19

5.1 Medicine storage ................................................................................................................. 19

5.2 Antimicrobial Resistance .................................................................................................. 20

5.3. Medicine Use During Pregnancy ....................................................................................... 21

5.4 Rational drug use ................................................................................................................ 22

5.5 OTC and Substances Abuse ................................................................................................ 22

5.6 List of identified problems. ................................................................................................. 23

6. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 24

7. RECOMMENDATION............................................................................................................. 25

7. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 26

8. ANNEX’S ................................................................................................................................. 27

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PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL 2024.

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Human resource in millineum health center 2016 EC. .................................................... 4

Table 2: Population profile of Millenium health center 2016 EC...................................................... 5
Table 3: Ten top causes of adult morbidity in Adult OPD in Millenium HC from September 1,
2016, EC to February 30/06/2016 EC............................................................................................. 6
Table 4: Top five disease of <5 years children in Millenium HC from September 1/ 2016
February 30/06/2016 EC. ................................................................................................................ 7
Table 5: 3 weeks static activities summary in Millenium health center by TTP members ......... 15
Table 6: One week outreach activity plan and performance in Millenium HC catchment area
Hawassa city by pharma college TTP team members from April 7 to 11/2016 E.C. ................... 16
Table 7: SWOT analysis of Millenium site, 2016 E.C ................................................................... 18

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS IV

PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL 2024.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: organogram of the millennium students .......................................................................... 2

Figure 2: Organogram of the millennium health center .................................................................. 4
Figure 3: Task force division of the Millenium Health center TTP attachment group members,
2016 E.C ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 4: Action plan for prioritized problems in Millenium HC catchment area Hawassa city by
TTP team members April 2016 E.C. ........................................................................................... 13

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PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
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LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS

AFI: Acute Febrile Illness

ANC: Ante natal Care

AURTI: Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

AWD: Acute Watery Diarrhea

BCG: Bacillus Calmette and Guerin

CBE: Community Based Education

CDC: Communicable Disease Control

CEP: Continues Educational Program

EDHS: Ethiopian Demographic Health Statics

EPI: Expanded Program Immunization

TBFP: Family Planning

HIV: Human Immune Deficiency Viruses

HSEP: Health Service Extension Program

IMR: Infant Mortality Rate

MCH: maternal and child health

MMR: Maternal mortality rate

NGO: Non-governmental organization

OPD: outpatient department

PICT: Provider initiation counselling and testing

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PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL 2024.

SUMMARY

Background: Community-based Education (CBE) is a means of achieving educational relevance

to community needs. The strategies of implementing CBE are designed on three main programs.
These are Community Based Training program (CBTP), Team Training paining program (TTP)
and Community Based student Research (SRP). TTP is a new educational philosophy that
students of various disciplines in the final year are assigned to operate as a team in training
health center for a period of 8 weeks.

Objective: To be able to work as a member of a team in solving community health problems by

applying the knowledge and skills obtained from in school training, project work and
apprenticeship experiences and bringing together the knowledge and skills of one’s profession
and integrating with the knowledge and skills of other members of the team from April 7 to April
11, 2016, E.C.

Methods and Materials: community based descriptive cross-sectional study design was
implemented in addition with the following listed strategy

 Primary as well as secondary data collection for different sector offices and also in
thehealth facility was implemented.
 Observation over all activities of Millenium health center and moving around the
kebele togeneral health condition asking with HEWs

Result: A Total of 380 people were given community Health education, which is 98.9% of the
target.150 (39.5%) of the total population, were given home to home visit community health
education. 102(26.6%) was given on public school, 70(18%) was given on health center. And the
rest 58(15%) were given on Cafe and Restaurant together.

Conclusion and recommendation: Even though our stay in Millenium kebele was only one
weak, we have strived hard to educate the community on the list of community education points
identified. The health center and the kebele in the attachment area should collaborate themselves
and give direction to the community on how to use and apply the points discussed on community
health education

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS VII

 INTRODUCTION

1.2. Background of the Study

Community Based Education (CBE): is educational philosophy started with longstanding

problems of institution of higher learning in responding to pressing needs of the society they are
intended to serve. CBE is a means of achieving educational relevance to community needs and
consists of learning activities that use the community-oriented education program. It consists of
learning activities that use the community extensively as a learning environment in which not
only students but also teacher, members of the community and representatives of other sectors
are actively engaged throughout the educational experience. The program is of clear benefit to
both students and the community. Hence, the core philosophy of the college is: Community
Based and problem-oriented education, multi-disciplinary training and integrated training service
and research.

The strategies of implementing CBE are designed on three main programs. These are
Community Based Training program (CBTP), Team Training paining program (TTP) and
Community Based student Research (SRP).

Community based training program, which is one part of Community Based Education is an
integrated institutional program that deals with identifying, prioritizing, planning and intervening
health and health related problems of the community. The main purpose of this program is to
assess demographic, socio-economic, political and Environmental aspects of a given community,
plus it is intended to make community diagnosis and draw an action plan which would enable
students to suggest appropriate intervention measures. It also aimed to address problems that are
directly or indirectly associated with poor environmental sanitation, MCH problems like, (low
immunization coverage, inappropriate breast-feeding practice, early marriage, poor contraceptive
usage, and incomplete ANC follow up), attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, Mental Health, and also
Problems related to drug adherence. Furthermore, CBTP help the student to get knowledge how

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PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
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to identify and intervene the health and health related problem of the community and to do
further research.

TTP is a new educational philosophy that students of various disciplines in the final year are
assigned to operate as a team in training health center for a period of 1 weeks. It is
comprehensive practical teaching program which is intended to help student to change their
theoretical knowledge in to practical and also students can learn teamwork, environmental,
administration and how to design plan. In addition to this its helps for the development of team
sprit within the learner as health procedure is not the problem that needs only the commitment of
single profession. Moreover, this education makes learning process interesting & develop the
confidence of learners to tackle problems in the community. So that, it helps the students to learn
one from each other and it also encourages the students to be exposed to the actual working setup
with all its problems and get opportunity to operate under scarce resource conditions. Therefore,
it paves the ways to get access to a community service [3-4].

PHARMA COLLEGE

TTP COORDINATOR

HEALTH CENTER RESIDENT

STUDENT TEAM LEADER

REPORTER. LOGISTICS

Outreach Team Static Team

Figure 1: organogram of the millennium students

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PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL 2024.

1.2 Background Information of The Millennium Health Centre

Millenium health center was found in in Hawassa town Menahariya sub-city and it was
established on July 1/2000E.c. It is located 278k.m away from Addis Ababa the capital city of
Ethiopia. The heath service was given for male 15641 and for female 15767 a total of 31408
population and in which there are about 2 urban kebele in the catchment. The heath center
managed under town administration. It comprises 62 health professionals 25 administrative
human resources and 16urban health extension workers. The health center gives the following
services MCH (ANC, PNC, family planning, EPI) OPD, ART, Emergency, Outreach service
(integrated supportive supervision), pharmacy (dispensing service), HMIS, health education and
leprosy, sanitation, and other services.

Organogram of the MILLINEUM HealthCenter

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Head of Health Center

Technical Head Administrative Head

1. OPD case team Secretary

2. Delivery case team Cash collector
3. Emergency case team Purchaser
Accountant
Store man
Record office, Card Room,
Guards, Cleaners

Figure 2: Organogram of the millennium health center

Table 1: Human resource in millineum health center 2016 EC.

[Link] Profession type Total

M F

1 Health officer 7 12 19

2 Mid Wives(diploma) 4 8 12

3 Clinical nurse 6 17 23

4 Pharmacy(degree) 5 3 8

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5 Laboratory(diploma) 4 7 11

6 BSc nurse 9 15 24

7 Urban Health extension 6 13 19

workers

8 Public nurse (diploma) 4 7 10

9 Health information 4 3 7
technician(diploma)

10 Supportive workers 9 14 23

Total 58 99 157

Source: Millenium Health Center: 2016 E.C

Table 2: Population profile of Millenium health center 2016 EC.

[Link] Variables Numbers

1 Estimated number of populations 31408
2 Estimated household 1529
3 Estimated no. male population 15641
4 Estimated no. of female population 15767
5 Estimated no. of live birth 1086
6 Total no. of surviving infant <1 yrs. of age 1002
7 2-5 age group 4903
8 <3yrs age group 2610
9 6–59-month age group 4378
10 <15 yrs. age group 15035
11 15-24 yrs. age group 5776
12 15-59 yrs. age group 15160

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13 Women in reproductive age 7318

14 Total no of Estimate pregnancy 1087
15 Estimated delivery 1037
16 Non-pregnant women 6231
Source: Millenium Health Center: 2016

Table 3: Ten top causes of adult morbidity in Adult OPD in Millenium HC from September 1,
2016, EC to February 30/06/2016 EC

[Link] Disease Total %

1 Typhoid fever 47 11.6
2 Malaria (p. falciparum) 45 11.1
3 Scabies 42 10.3
4 Tonsillitis 42 10.3
5 Respiratory infection 42 10.3
6 UTI 40 9.8
7 Typhus fever 39 9.6
8 Hypertension 37 9.1
9 Malaria (P vivax) 36 8.8
10 Dyspepsia 35 8.6
Total 405 99.9
Source: Millenium Health Center: 2016 E.C

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PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
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Table 4: Top five disease of <5 years children in Millenium HC from September 1/ 2016
February 30/06/2016 EC.

[Link] Disease Total %

1 Upper respiratory disease 44 25.1
2 Non bloody diarrhea 38 21.7
3 Pneumonia 35 20
4 Acute febrile illness 30 17.1
5 Helminthiasis 28 16
Total 175 99.9
Source: Millenium Health Center: 2016 E.C

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PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
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2. OBJECTIVES

2.1. General Objective

 To be able to work as a member of a team in solving community health problems by

applying the knowledge and skills obtained from in school training, project work and
apprenticeship experiences and bringing together the knowledge and skills of one’s
profession and integrating with the knowledge and skills of other members of the team
from April 7 to April 11, 2016, E.C.

2.2. Specific Objectives

 To provide community education on the Rational Drug use and Medicine Using During
Pregnancy.
 To provide community education on OTC and Substance Abuse
 To provide health education for the community on antimicrobial drug use and resistance.
 To provide community education on Medicine Storage.

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS 8

PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
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3. METHODS AND MATERIALS

Team organization
In first day, orientation was given by college department heads about the concepts of TTP in
details. Before we start data collection, we select one group leaders, reports and logistic. then we
divided in to two group, one outreach and one static assigned a leader for each group by majority
vote. The static group was again sub divided regarding on their department by the static leader
and introduced to the head of health center by leader. The outreach group was discussed detail
about question to be asked in the different sector for the secondary data collection about the
health and health related profile from kebele. All groups’ members start collecting data from
kebele and household by interviewing (the primary data collection methods were implemented)

• Coordinate assigned each group members to their

• Compile data and preparing document
Leader, reporter
• The logistics to provide materials and stationery to
Logistic group members

• Assigned the student in their assigned duty

• Receive command and feedback from the leader
Static And and give report back
Outreach Leader

Figure 3: Task force division of the Millenium Health center TTP attachment group members,
2016 E.C

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS 9

PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL 2024.

3.1. Study design and strategy.

Community based descriptive cross-sectional study design was implemented in addition with the
following listed strategy
 Primary as well as secondary data collection for different sector offices and also in the
health facility was implemented.
 Observation over all activities of Millenium health center and moving around the kebele
toobserve general health condition and asking with HEWs

Therefore, by doing so community and each sector health problem was identified, the identified
problems were prioritized base on magnitude of problem, severity of problem, public/community
concern, government concern and feasibility. Implementation and recommendation for each
identified problem was given and data was presented using table, graphs, and figures.

3.2. Study area and period.

The TTP were conducted in Millenium kebele of the Menahariya sub city in Hawassa city and
southern Ethiopia. Menahariya sub city consist of two kebeles which is one. The study
conducted from April 7 to April 11, 2016, E.C.
3.3. Sample size determination.

The sample size was obtained by using a 50 % proportion of household, 5% margin of error and
95% confidence interval and by this formula sample size is 384 but our study population is less
than 10,000 so we had use finite population correction formula to find the exact sample size

N=Z2*P*1-p
d2
n = (1.96)2 0.5 (0.5) / (0.05)2= 384

Where:

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n = the required Sample size

p = maximum variability assumed

Z = the value of the standard normal curve score corresponding to the given confidence’s
interval 1.96

d = the permissible Margin of error (the required precision) = 5%

By adding 10% of non-response rate, total of 422. But for sake TTP purpose only 100
questioners. However, due to limited resources we are obliged to take merely 100 sample size for
the study. Therefore, the study should include 100 households selected from each Millenium
kebele.
3.3. Static strategies

 Communicating with Health center Head and staffs.

 Provide health promotion service.
 Giving health education and counseling service on each team and departments
 Health education on daily morning sessions on selected topic.
 Dispensing Drugs Rationally
 Preparing essential drug list
 Patient Drug Education
 Filling patient prescription Registration Book
 Preparing and Filling stock card, Bin card and Models
 Calculating Monthly drugs-consumptions

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4. LIST OF COMMUNITY EDUCATION TOPICS

1. OTC and Substances Abuse.

2. Antimicrobial resistance
3. Medicine Storage
4. Medicine Use During Pregnancy.
5. Rational Drug Use

4.1. Action plan

Action plan is a written document that describes the step that the team members, supervisors,
community, and co-workers will complete to help for better achievement of action plan.

Health planning: is the process of defining community health problems, identifying needs and
resources, establishing priority goals, and setting out the administrative action needed to reach
goals.

An action plan is initiated prior to intervention so that everyone who can support the intervention
is involved from the beginning. As you will see, action plan is recurring topic thought this guide

4.2.1. General objectives for action plan

To improve health status of the community by providing promotive, preventive, and curative
services through integration with staff members of Millenium Health center and community of
its catchment area in Millenium kebele from April 7 to April 11, 2016, E.C.

4.2.2 Specific Objectives

 To provide community education on the Rational Drug Use and Medicine Storage.
 To provide community education on OTC and Substance Abuse
 To provide health education for the community on antimicrobial drug use and resistance.
 To provide community education on Medicine Using During Pregnancy.

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS 12

 2 1 s/ n
Medicine Storage Rational Drug Use Prioritize
d
- To Ensure Medication Efficacy. To Optimize Therapeutic Outcomes Objective
problem
- To Prevent Medication Spoilage To Reduce Antibiotic Resistance s
- To Prevent Medication To Promote Cost-Effective
Contamination Healthcare
- Patients and Caregivers Patients and Caregivers Target
- Healthcare Providers
- Empower Patients and Caregivers -Patient Education andEmpowerment Strategie
- Integrate Education into -Medication Review and s
Healthcare Settings Optimization
- Encourage Adherence to - Clinical Guidelines and Protocols
Guidelines - Community Engagement and
- Patient Counseling Sessions. Advocacy
- Patient Counseling and Education Activities
TTP team members April 2016 E.C.

-Distribution -Continuing Education Programs

Sessions
of Educational Materials -Development of Educational
- Community Outreach Events
Materials
TTP members HEWs Communit - Medication
TTP [Link] and Res R
y Optimization
HEWs Clinics pons es
members - Community Outreach Programs
HC ible o
Members Communit bodi u
- Munici pality Kebele
y leaders es
Sta rc
PHCU keh es
- Kebele leaders members
Director .HC-HP linkage focal olde
rs.
Medication Storage Cards Traing Manuals and Guidelines Mat
eria
ls.
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL

7/8 7/18 Tim

/20 16- /2016
e
Assessment of Storage Practices.
11/12 -Documentation and Reporting of Monitori
PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,

Medication Stability and Integrity.

/20 Adverse Drug Events
11/8 fra
ng
Adherence to Storage Guidelines.
16E. /2016
- Surveillance of Antibiotic m
C Prescribing and Resistance
E.C
e
- Patient Behavior and Adherence Patient Understanding and evaluati
- Adherence to Storage Adherence to regime
on
2024.

-Feedback and Continuous

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS

Guidelines
Figure 4: Action plan for prioritized problems in Millenium HC catchment area Hawassa city by

Improvement

13
 5 4 3
Medicine Using During Pregnancy . Over the Counter Medicine Antimicrobial Resistance

To promote maternal and fetal -To Promote safe and effective drug -To Reduce Inappropriate Antimicrobial
health use Use
-To reduce antibiotics resistance -To Raise Awareness and Promote
To minimize potential risk -To prevent adverse events Understanding on antibotics use
-To Empower Patients and Consumers
-Patients and Caregivers -Patients and Caregivers - Patients and Caregivers

-Collaborate with healthcare -Peer education program Community Engagement and Partnerships.
professional and organization -Collaboration with local pharmacies - Empower Patients and Caregivers
-provide clear and accessible
information
-Patient Counseling and Education Sessions Patient Counseling and Education - Patient Counseling and Education
-printed education material Sessions Sessions

TTP members HC TTP members. HC TTP members HEWs HC members.

HEWs workers.
HHs /commun HEWs.
ity members.
Munici pality. Kebele leaders Head of HC. HC-HP linkage focal Head of HC.
HC-HP linkage focal.

- Traing Manuals and Guidelines - Traing Manuals and Guidelines - Traing Manuals and Guidelines
ACTIVITY PLAN AND PERFORMANCEIN AT MILLINEUM HEALTH CENTER APRIL

22/12 22/12 9/8

PHARMA COLLEGE TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM (TTP) FINAL REPORT ON ACTION PLAN,

/20 14- /20 14- /20

26/1 - Knowledge and Awareness about
Knowledge and Awareness about drug use 26/1 16-
-Antibiotic Use Patterns
during pregnancy
2/20 OTC drug use
2/20 -Health Outcomes
10/8
-patient feedback
14E. 14E. /2016E.
C
-Pre and post assessment C C
-Patient Behavior and Adherence -Knowledge and Awareness Levels
2024.

-Healthcare provider feedback -Quality Improvement Indicators

TTP BY: PHARMA COLEGE G-2 UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACY STUDENTS

-Antibiotic Use Patterns

Weekly Weekly report of cases treated Weekly report of cases treated for

14
report of maintain ed latrines, for resp. problem Number of resp. problem Number of sessions of
Number of HHs Visited. sessions of HE. HE.
Number of
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Table 5: 3 weeks static activities summary in Millenium health center by TTP members

st nd rd
Eligi 1 Day 2 Day Plan 3 Day Plan
List of ble Total plan Plan
activities popul
ation
P Achi % Plan Ach % Pla Ac % Pla Ach %
la e. ie n h n
n
1. OUTPATIENT ACTIVITIES
1 Ad New 254
. ult 3 84 131 91 100 960 96% 1004 75 75
Repe 112
4 0 %
1 OP at 2 %
D 1
1 <5 New 240 10 79.
. OP Repe 100 4 101 90 89 126 119 94% 126 0 3%
2 D at 0 %
4
1 TB New 91 4 1 1 100 1 1 100 1 0 0%
. % %

3 Follo 50 1 3 2 67 3 4 133 3 1 33.

w up 0 % % 3%
1 AR Pre 45 1 3 2 75 3 2 67% 3 2 66.
. T ART 0 % 6%
4 ser ART 5 5 1o 0 0% 15 4 27% 15 2 13.
vic 3%
e
2 Minor 2 30 1 50% 44 27 61% 45 15 33.3
. operation 0 5 %
1 0
2 Injection 3 60 5 92% 80 78 97.5 100 91 91%
. 5 7 %

2 0
2 Wound care 2 40 3 85% 50 48 96% 62 57 91.9
. 0 4 %
3 0
3 Referral 3 6 3 50% 8 6 75% 10 5 50%
3

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4 Admission 2 3 2 66.6 5 3 60% 4 3 75%

. 0 %
1
5 MCH Activities
5 AN 163 27 64 5 78.1 65 56 86.1 70 63 90%
. ANC C1 3 0 % %
1 AN 163 27 60 3 63.3 72 51 70.8 73 54 73.9
C4 3 8 % % %
5 PMTCT 163 27 64 4 64% 65 57 87.6 65 47 72.3
. 3 1 %
2
5 Delivery 63 27 50 1 38 45 22 48.8 42 10 23.8
. service 3 9 % % %
3
5 PNC 63 28 55 2 43.6 70 58 82.8 75 52 69.3
. 0 4 % % %
4

Table 6: One week outreach activity plan and performance in Millenium HC catchment area
Hawassa city by pharma college TTP team members from April 7 to 11/2016 E.C.

S.N 1st Day 2nd Day 3rd wk Three Day

Rem ark
5 Weeks TTP plan
ANNUAL PLAN

Pla n

Pla n

Pla n
Per f
Plan
Perf

Perf

Perf
%

Preparing Waste 30 20 26 13 10 2 20 30 28 93
disposal pit for 0
liquid waste.

HID for HHS 20 60 10 >100 10 12 12 40 23 58 20 22 11

0 0 % 0 2 2 0 2 1
Outrea
Sanitation campaign 6 2 2 100% 3 4 13 1 0 0 6 6

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ch 3 10
activity 0

Inspecti Food and drinking 45 16 16 100% 20 28 14 9 10 11 45 44 98

on Establishment 0 1

HID(no of 20 60 10 100% 10 13 13 40 0 0 20 23 11
participant) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

Disinfestation(delou 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
sing)

VCT 20 15 0 0 50 0 0 20 0 0
0 0 0

Home Inspection/supervisi 30 10 10 100% 15 19 12 50 23 46 30 31 10

visit on 0 0 0 0 3 8 0 6 5

Latrine cleaning &

maintenance 40 22 31 14 18 9 50 40 40 10
1 0

Preparing hand 40 22 31 14 18 9 50 40 40 10
washing 1 0
Facility &
demonistration.

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Table 7: SWOT analysis of Millenium site, 2016 E.C

Strengths: Opportunities:
• Orientation of beginning of work
• Team spirituality • Motivated student
• Good recording and documentation • Closeness of residence to each other
• Cooperativeness in all department during data collection
student • Enabling health policy
• Cooperativeness of community.
• Established Health Development Army

Weaknesses: Threats:
• Not enough logistic supply • Interruption of electrical power
• Has no allocated budget for some cost • Transportation cost
like Telephone, photocopy … • Political instability

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5. RESULT

Community education initiatives at Millennium health center on over-the-counter (OTC) and

substance abuse, antimicrobial resistance, medicine storage, medicine use during pregnancy, and
rational drug use collectively aim to enhance public health and safety. By educating individuals
about the risks associated with medication misuse, promoting responsible medication practices,
and providing accurate information, these initiatives empower communities to make informed
decisions, prevent harm, and improve overall health outcomes. Through awareness campaigns,
proper storage education, and guidance on safe medication practices, communities can mitigate
risks, reduce instances of misuse and addiction, slow the development of antimicrobial
resistance, support healthy pregnancies, minimize medication errors, and foster a culture of
responsible medication use. Ultimately, these education efforts contribute to building healthier
and safer communities

5.1 Medicine storage

Proper medicine storage is crucial for maintaining the effectiveness and safety of medications
while minimizing the risk of accidental ingestion or misuse. The way medications are stored can
directly impact their stability, potency, and shelf life. Factors such as temperature, humidity, light
exposure, and storage conditions can all influence the integrity of medications over time.
Therefore, it's essential to store medications in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
and guidelines provided on the packaging or patient information leaflet.

Storing medications in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight is generally recommended to
preserve their quality. Many medications are sensitive to heat and moisture, which can cause
them to degrade or lose potency. Likewise, exposure to light can also affect the stability of
certain medications, particularly those in light-sensitive packaging. Additionally, storing
medications out of reach and sight of children and pets is vital to prevent accidental ingestion or
harm. By adhering to proper storage practices, individuals can help ensure that their medications
remain safe, effective, and suitable for use when needed

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MEDICINE STORAGE
100.0% 90.0% 93.0% 92.0%

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0% 10.0% 7.0% 8.0%

0.0%
cold freezer at room
yes 90.00% 93.00% 92.00%
no 10.00% 7.00% 8.00%

yes no

5.2 Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) stands as a formidable challenge to global health, posing

significant threats to the effective treatment of infectious diseases. AMR occurs when
microorganisms adapt and become resistant to the drugs designed to eliminate them, rendering
antibiotics, antivirals, and other antimicrobial agents less effective or even obsolete. The rise of
AMR has profound implications for patient care, public health, and healthcare systems
worldwide, as it can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Moreover, the
emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens further complicates the management of infectious
diseases, limiting treatment options and undermining decades of progress in combating
infections.

The spread of AMR is fueled by a multitude of factors, including the overuse and misuse of
antibiotics in human and animal health, inadequate infection prevention and control measures,
and limited access to clean water, sanitation, and healthcare services in certain regions.
Globalization, travel, and trade facilitate the rapid dissemination of resistant pathogens across
borders, making AMR a truly global threat that transcends geographic boundaries. Addressing

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AMR requires a multifaceted and coordinated approach, encompassing surveillance,

antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention and control, research and development of new
antimicrobial agents, and international collaboration. By taking decisive action to combat AMR,
we can safeguard the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs, preserve the cornerstone of modern
medicine, and protect the health and well-being of current and future generat

5.3. Medicine Use During Pregnancy

medication use during pregnancy presents a unique set of challenges and considerations for
expectant mothers and healthcare providers alike. The safety and efficacy of medications during
pregnancy can vary widely, and many commonly used drugs lack sufficient data on their effects
on fetal development. Consequently, pregnant individuals and healthcare professionals must
carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits of medication use to ensure the health and well-
being of both mother and baby. Balancing the need to manage maternal health conditions with
the desire to minimize potential harm to the developing fetus is essential for promoting optimal
pregnancy outcomes.

Pregnancy alters the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in the maternal body,
further complicating medication management. Physiological changes such as increased blood
volume, altered metabolism, and changes in organ function can affect the absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion of medications, potentially altering their efficacy and
safety profiles. Additionally, concerns about teratogenicity, or the potential to cause birth defects,
further underscore the importance of cautious medication use during pregnancy. With limited
options for conducting clinical trials in pregnant populations due to ethical considerations,
healthcare providers often rely on available evidence, expert guidelines, and individualized risk
assessments to guide decision-making regarding medication use during pregnancy.

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5.4 Rational drug use

Rational drug use is a fundamental principle in healthcare, emphasizing the judicious and
appropriate use of medications to optimize patient outcomes while minimizing risks and costs. At
its core, rational drug use involves the careful selection of medications based on evidence-based
guidelines, individual patient characteristics, and clinical judgment. It encompasses prescribing
the right drug, at the right dose, for the right indication, and for the right duration, with
consideration given to factors such as safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. By adhering to the
principles of rational drug use, healthcare providers strive to achieve the best possible therapeutic
outcomes while avoiding unnecessary medication-related harm, such as adverse drug reactions,
drug interactions, and antimicrobial resistance.

Furthermore, rational drug use extends beyond the prescribing stage to encompass patient
education, medication adherence, and monitoring for therapeutic effectiveness and adverse
effects. Engaging patients in shared decision-making and providing clear, understandable
information about their medications empower individuals to actively participate in their
healthcare and make informed choices about their treatment. Additionally, ongoing evaluation
and review of medication regimens allow for timely adjustments and optimization of therapy to
address changing patient needs and minimize potential risks. Overall, rational drug use serves as
a cornerstone of high-quality, patient-centered healthcare, promoting the safe, effective, and
appropriate use of medications to improve health outcomes and enhance overall quality of life

5.5 OTC and Substances Abuse

The availability of over-the-counter (OTC) medications presents both convenience and potential
risks to consumers. OTC drugs are accessible without a prescription, allowing individuals to self-
treat common ailments such as headaches, allergies, and cold symptoms. While OTC drugs can
provide relief for minor health issues, their widespread availability also raises concerns about
misuse, abuse, and adverse effects. Some individuals may underestimate the potential risks
associated with OTC medications, leading to incorrect dosing, interactions with other
medications, or reliance on these drugs as a quick fix for underlying health problems. Moreover,

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certain OTC drugs, such as those containing pseudoephedrine or dextromethorphan, have the
potential for abuse, contributing to substance abuse issues in some populations.

Substance abuse encompasses the misuse or excessive use of legal or illegal substances,
including drugs, alcohol, and prescription medications, leading to negative physical,
psychological, and social consequences. Substance abuse can take many forms, ranging from
occasional recreational use to compulsive and harmful patterns of consumption. Factors
contributing to substance abuse include genetic predisposition, environmental influences, social
norms, and availability of substances. Substance abuse not only poses significant health risks,
such as addiction, overdose, and mental health disorders but also has far-reaching societal
impacts, including crime, unemployment, and strained healthcare systems. Addressing substance
abuse requires a multifaceted approach involving prevention, education, treatment, and support
services to promote healthier behaviors and mitigate the harms associated with substance misuse.

5.6 List of identified problems.

1. Antimicrobial Resistance
2. Over the Counter Medicine.
3. Medicine Storage.
4. Rational Drug Use.
5. Medicine Using During Pregnancy.
6. Substance Abuse.

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6. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, addressing key healthcare challenges such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR),

over-the-counter (OTC) medicine use, medicine storage, rational drug use, medicine use during
pregnancy, and substance abuse requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach at all levels
of healthcare delivery. As Hawassa Millennium Health Center strives to provide quality
healthcare services to its community, it's essential to prioritize education and awareness
campaigns on these critical issues. By empowering both healthcare providers and patients with
knowledge and understanding, the health center can play a pivotal role in promoting responsible
medication use, preventing adverse health outcomes, and safeguarding the efficacy of
antimicrobial agents

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7. RECOMMENDATION

 Implementing educational programs and workshops for healthcare professionals to enhance

their understanding of antimicrobial stewardship, rational drug use, and appropriate
medication management during pregnancy.
 Developing educational materials and resources for patients to promote safe and responsible
OTC medicine use, proper medicine storage practices, and awareness of the risks associated
with substance abuse.
 Integrating medication safety and management initiatives into routine healthcare services,
including counseling on medication adherence, proper storage, and potential drug
interactions.
 Collaborating with local authorities, community organizations, and educational institutions to
raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance, substance abuse prevention, and other public
health concerns through community outreach programs and events.
 Encouraging ongoing research and surveillance efforts to monitor trends in medication use,
antimicrobial resistance, and substance abuse within the community and identify
opportunities for targeted interventions and improvements in healthcare delivery.

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7. REFERENCES

1. WHO (2008) Community-directed interventions for major health problems in Africa: a

multi-country study, Geneva, Switzerland: Special Programmed for Research & Training
in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization.

2. Holveck JC, Ehrenberg JP, Ault SK (2007) Prevention, control, and elimination of
neglected diseases in the Americas: pathways to integrated, inter programmatic, inter
sectorial action for health and development. BMC Public Health 7: 6.

3. Measure DHS: DHS surveys and national reports on health situations in different African
countries.

4. WHO (2008) Community-directed interventions for major health problems in Africa: a

multi-country study, Geneva, Switzerland: Special Program for Research & Training in
Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization

5. Ethiopia health demography survey 2016.

6. Guidelines and procedures for community-based education Jimma university March

2013.

7. Community Based Training program (CBTP) and Team Training program (TTP) Manual
for Pharma college of Health Sciences May 2020.

8. Reports and other information from Hawassa city health department, health, and health
related sectors 2010 E.

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8. ANNEX’S

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