ONLINE EXAM: BACTERIOLOGY PART 1
Total points 76/100
LEMAR REVIEW HUB
Email *
[email protected]
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KEY (CAN BE FOUND IN THE POST) *
01-100622
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SURNAME, FIRST NAME *
Marayag, Kazzandra Marie
SCHOOL *
Emilio Aguinaldo College - Manila
LRH SECTION *
Section A
Section B
Section C
Section D
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Bacteria are: * 4/4
Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms
Multicellular, prokaryotic organisms
Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms
Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms
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Bacteria are single-cell prokaryotic microorganisms.
Fungi and parasites are single-cell or multicellular eukaryotic organisms, as are plants and
all higher animals.
Viruses are dependent on host cells for survival and therefore are not considered cellular
organisms but rather infectious agents.
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Dependent on host cells for survival and therefore are not considered *4/4
cellular organisms but rather infectious agents:
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
Viruses
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Among clinically relevant organisms, bacteria are single-cell prokaryotic microorganisms.
Fungi and parasites are single-cell or multicellular eukaryotic organisms, as are plants and
all higher animals. Viruses are dependent on host cells for survival and therefore are not
considered cellular organisms but rather infectious agents.
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A group of teenagers became ill with nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal *0/4
cramps, and diarrhea after eating undercooked hamburgers from a local
restaurant. Two of the teenagers were hospitalized with hemolytic-uremic
syndrome. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from the patient’s
stools as well as from uncooked hamburgers. The H7 refers to which
bacterial structure?
Peptidoglycan
Lipid A
Capsule
Flagella
Correct answer
Flagella
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The flagellins of different bacterial species presumably differ from one another in primary
structure. They are highly antigenic (H antigens), and some of the immune responses to
infection are directed against these proteins.
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The unique chemical structure of the cell wall of Mycobacterium spp. is *4/4
associated with the presence of:
N-glycolylmuramic acid and a decrease in lipid content
N-acetylmuramic acid and a decrease in lipid content
N-glycolylmuramic acid and an increase in lipid content
N-acetylmuramic acid and an increase in lipid content
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Mycobacterium spp. have an unusual cell wall structure. The cell wall contains N-
glycolylmuramic acid instead of N-acetylmuramic acid, and it has a very high lipid content,
which creates a hydrophobic permeability barrier.
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In the fall of 2001, a series of letters containing spores of Bacillus *0/4
anthracis were mailed to members of the media and to U.S. Senate
offices. The result was 22 cases of anthrax, with five deaths. The heat
resistance of bacterial spores, such as those of Bacillus anthracis, is
partly attributable to their dehydrated state and partly to the presence of
large amounts of:
Diaminopimelic acid
D-Glutamic acid
Calcium dipicolinate
Sulfhydryl-containing proteins
Correct answer
Calcium dipicolinate
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The heat resistance of spores is partly attributable to their dehydrated state and in part to
the presence in the core of large amounts (5–15% of the spore dry weight) of calcium
dipicolinate, which is formed from an intermediate of the lysine biosynthetic pathway.
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Mycoplasma species lack which of the following components? * 4/4
Both DNA and RNA
Lipids
Peptidoglycan
Ribosomes
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Microorganisms that lack cell walls (commonly called mycoplasmas and making up the
class Mollicutes) and do not synthesize the precursors of peptidoglycan.
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The Quellung test depends on the antigenic specificity of the: * 4/4
Capsule
Cell wall
Flagella
Nucleus
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Which feature distinguishes Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from other *4/4
clinically significant non-spore-forming, gram-positive, facultatively
anaerobic bacilli?
Tumbling motility
Beta-hemolysis
More pronounced motility at 25ºC than 37ºC
H2S production
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the only gram positive bacillus that produces hydrogen
sulfide when inoculated into triple sugar iron agar.
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In the bacterial growth cycle, growth ceases because nutrients are *0/4
exhausted or toxic metabolic products have accumulated on the:
Exponential phase
Lag phase
Logarithmic phase
Stationary phase
Correct answer
Stationary phase
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A slimy colony on the blood agar medium indicates which of the *4/4
following characteristics may be present:
Blood agar is too old
Organism has a capsule
Plate was incubated at too high temperature
Plate was incubated too long
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The use of 0.1% fuchsin substituted for safranin in the Gram-stain *4/4
procedure may enhance the visibility of the organisms:
Bordetella
Brucella
Legionella
Propionobacterium
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Because of their faint staining, Legionella spp. are not usually detectable directly in clinical
material by Gram stain. The use of 0.1% fuchsin substituted for safranin in the Gram-stain
procedure may enhance the visibility of the organisms.
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Upon review of a sputum Gram stain, the technician notes that the nuclei *0/4
of all of the neutrophils present in the smear are staining dark blue. The
best explanation for this finding is:
The slide was inadequately decolorized with acetone/alcohol
The sputum smear was prepared too thin
The cellular components have stained as expected
The iodine was omitted from the staining procedure
Correct answer
The slide was inadequately decolorized with acetone/alcohol
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Problems with analysis of Gram staining generally result from errors including
interpretation of the slide (smear prepared too thick), excessive heat fixing, and improper
decolorization. Inadequate decolorization with acetone alcohol results in a smear in which
the host cells (neutrophils and squamous cells) as well as bacteria all appear blue.
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Before an AFB smear is reported as negative, it should be examined *4/4
carefully by scanning at least _____ oil immersion fields
10 oil immersion fields
30 oil immersion fields
100 oil immersion fields
300 oil immersion fields
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Bailey and Scott's: Before an AFB smear is reported as negative, it should be examined
carefully by scanning at least 300 oil immersion fields (magnification ×1000), equivalent to
three full horizontal sweeps of a smear that is 2 cm long and 1 cm wide. (DOH 2 cm x 3
cm)
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The Schaeffer–Fulton stain can be used for demonstration of: * 4/4
Capsule
Flagella
Metachromatic granules
Spores
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The Schaeffer–Fulton stain is a technique designed to isolate endospores by staining any
present endospores green, and any other bacterial bodies red.
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The Leifson stain can be used for demonstration of: * 4/4
Capsule
Flagella
Metachromatic granules
Spores
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The most common cause for failure of a GasPak anaerobic jar to *0/4
establish an adequate environment for anaerobic incubation is:
The failure of the oxidation-reduction potential indicator system due to
deterioration of methylene blue
The failure of the packet to generate adequate H2 and/or CO2
Condensation of water on the inner surface of the jar
Catalysts that have become inactivated after repeated use
Correct answer
Catalysts that have become inactivated after repeated use
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The 2 most common causes of failure of GasPak system is a defective gasket in the jar lid
that allows escape of gas from inside the jar and inactivated catalyst pellets.
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Most blood agar plates are prepared with 5% or 10% red blood cells *4/4
(RBCs) obtained from:
Rabbit
Sheep
Horse
Human
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Sheep RBCs are used in blood agar plates because they are readily available and less
inhibitory than cells of other species. The type of hemolysis is determined by the source of
RBCs. Sheep RBCs are chosen because of the characteristically clear hemolysis produced
by β-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus, and other pathogens producing
β-hemolysins.
Sheep blood does not support the growth of Haemophilus haemolyticus, eliminating the
possibility of confusing it with β-hemolytic streptococci in throat cultures.
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Growth surrounded by yellow halos on mannitol salt agar indicates: * 4/4
The organism cannot ferment mannitol
The organism cannot tolerate high salt concentrations
The organism can sustain high salt concentrations and ferment mannitol
None of the above
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Which statement correctly describes the mode of action of the antibiotic *4/4
listed for modified Thayer-Martin medium?
Colistin inhibits gram-positive bacteria
Nystatin inhibits fungi and molds
Vancomycin inhibits gram-negative bacteria
Trimethoprim lactate inhibits gram-positive bacteria
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MTM: Modified Thayer-Martin Medium
1. Vancomycin inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria
2. Colistin inhibits the growth of gram-negative bacteria except N. gonorrhoeae
3. Nystatin inhibits the growth of fungi
4. Trimethoprim lactate prevents swarming of Proteus
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All of the following are differential media except: * 4/4
Blood agar
Chocolate agar
MacConkey’s agar
Eosin methylene blue agar
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Select the medium best suited for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica *4/4
from a patient with gastroenteritis:
Hektoen agar
Cefsulodin–Irgasan–Novobiocin (CIN) agar
Blood agar
Eosin-methylene blue agar
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CIN agar inhibits the growth of many other organisms from the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Yersinia spp. are also recovered from MacConkey and Salmonella-Shigella agars.
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Select the media of choice for recovery of Vibrio cholerae from a stool *4/4
specimen;
MacConkey agar and thioglycollate media
Thiosulfate–citrate–bile–sucrose (TCBS) agar and alkaline peptone water
(APW) broth
Blood agar and selenite-F (SEL) broth
CNA agar
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TCBS agar is used to grow Vibrio cholerae, which appear as yellow colonies as a result of
the use of both citrate and sucrose. APW is used as an enrichment broth and should be
subcultured to TCBS agar for further evaluation of Vibrio colonies
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Which procedure is appropriate for culture of genital specimens in order *4/4
to recover Chlamydia spp.?
Inoculate cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells
Plate onto blood and chocolate agar
Inoculate into thioglycollate (THIO) broth
Plate onto modified Thayer–Martin agar within 24 hours
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Chlamydiae are strict intracellular organisms and must be cultured using living cells
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An organism was inoculated to a TSI tube and gave the following *4/4
reactions: alkaline slant/acid butt, H2S, gas produced. This organism
most likely is:
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Shigella dysenteriae
Salmonella typhimurium
Escherichia coli
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Salmonella is the only distractor that produces H2S. Also, Klebsiella and E. coli produce
acid/acid reactions in TSI.
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A patient presents with diarrhea and abdominal cramping. The organism *0/4
isolated from the stool culture is identified as Shigella dysenteriae (group
A). The TSI reaction would have indicated:
K/K
K/NC H2S+
A/A
K/A
Correct answer
K/A
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