Circuit Diagram:
Post lab
[Top sheet]
Course code: EEE 101 Section: 2
Exp. No.: 02
Exp. Name: Kirchhoff s voltage and current laws.
St. Name: Md.Bayazid Ahmmed
St. ID: 2023-3-80-008
Group no.: 04
Partners’ IDs: (1)2023-3-80-008
(2)2023-3-80-050
(3)2023-3-80-053
(4)
Date of 20-02-2024 Instructor’s
performance: Comment and
Signature:
Date of 06-03-2024
submission :
Experiment name: Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws.
Objective:
Circuit Diagram:
The objective of this experiment is to verify Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws in
the Lab.
Equipment:
1.Multimeter
2.DC ammeter
3.Breadboard
4. Trainer board
5.DC voltmeter
6.Resistor(150Ω,47Ω,100Ω,470Ω)
7.DC voltmeter
8.Power supply
Circuit Diagram:
Circuit Diagram:
Fig:1 Circuit diagram for verification of
KCL and KVL
Answer to the Question No:2
In figure (1):
Vs1=5v, Vs2=3V
Measured values of resistors,
R1=150Ω, R2=47Ω, R3=100Ω, R4=470Ω
Circuit Diagram:
KVL at loop (1):
-Vs1+V1+V3=0
⇒ V1 =Vs1-V3 -------------(i)
KVL at loop (2):
+V2-V3+Vs2=0
⇒ V3=V2+Vs2 -------------(ii)
KVL at loop (3):
-V4+V1+V2=0
⇒ V4=V1+V2 -------------(iii)
Firstly, examine the circuit and then calculate all relevant
circuit variables. Next, we must the determine the
voltages. V1, V2, V3, V4 and the currents I1, I2, I3,
I4,I5,I6 .
KCL at Node (1),
I1+I4-I5=0
⇒ I1+I4=I5--------------(iv)
KCL at Node (2),
I4+I6-I2=0
⇒ I4+I6=I2--------------(v)
Circuit Diagram:
KCL at Node (3),
I1+I2-I3=0
⇒ I3=I1+I2
⇒
V3
R3 = VR 11 + VR 22 [ohms law]
⇒
V3
R3 = Vs 1−V 3
R1 + V 3−Vs 2
R2
⇒
V3
100 = 5−V
151 + R 2
3 3−V 3
⇒ V3=2.56v
Now,
V1= Vs1-V3 =5-2.56 =2.44v [From (i)]
V2=V3-Vs2=2.56-3=-0.44v [From (ii)]
V4= V1+V2 =2.44-0.44=2 [From (iii)]
Circuit Diagram:
Again,
According to ohm’s law,
I1=V1/R1=2.44/150=0.0163A
I2=(Vs2-V3)/R2=9.5652×10^-3 A
I3=V3/R3=2.56/100=0.0256A
I4=V4/R4=2/470=4.2553×10^-3 A
I5= I1+I4 [From (iv)]
=0.0162+(4.3290×10^-3) =0.0205A
I6=I2-I4 [From (v)]
=( 9.5652×10^-3) - (4.3290×10^-3)
=5.2362×10^-3 A
Answer to the Question No:3
Compare of calculated and measured values of voltages:
Circuit Variables Calculated values Measured Values
V1 2.44v 2.43v
V2 -0.44v -0.43v
V3 2.56v 2.53v
V4 2v 1.93v
Compare of calculated and measured values of currents:
Circuit Diagram:
Circuit Variables Calculated values Measured Values
I1 16.2mA 15.8mA
I2 9.5652mA 9.5mA
I3 25.6mA 25.5mA
I4 4.3290mA 4mA
I5 20.5mA 19.6mA
I6 5.2362mA 5.25mA
Comment: Here we can see that the calculated values and the
measured values are not same. It has some errors. It could be
due to various reasons. As example measurement errors, circuit
loading, instrumental errors, temperature effects etc. Also due
to Environmental factors and hardware equipment, we have to
deal with this problem.
Circuit Diagram:
Answer to the Question No:4
Measured values of currents:
I1=15.8mA=0.0158A, I2=9.5mA=9.5×10^-3A,
I3=25.5mA=0.0255A, I4=4mA=4×10^-3A,
I5=19.6mA=0.0196A, I6=5.25mA=5.25×10^-3A
Now,
According to ohms law:
V1 2.43
R1= I 1 = 0.0158 =153.80Ω
V2 −o .43
R2= I 2 = 9.5 ×10 =45.26Ω
−3
V3 2.53
R3= I 3 = 0.0255 =99.22Ω
V4 1.93
R4= I 4 = 4 × 10 =482.5Ω
−3
Circuit Element Calculated value Measured value
R1 153.80Ω 150Ω
R2 45.26Ω 47Ω
R3 99.22Ω 100Ω
R4 482.5Ω 470Ω
Circuit Diagram:
Comment: Here we can see that the calculated values and
the measured values of resistance are not same . The measured
resistance is not perfect all the time. This is because of the lead
resistance, surrounding components on a circuit board,
instrumental error, environmental factors etc. Also
temperature can affect the reading a lot.
Discussion: We can see that there are differences
between the measured and calculated value. Firstly, from
the experiment we have learned how to validate
Kirchhoff’s voltage and current law. We need to all the
components should be handled carefully, take accurate
readings of the components values and must exercise
caution when using the components. To prevent short
circuit we have to connected the circuit very carefully.
