BASKETBALL

CLASS : VIII
SUBJECT : ENGLISH
TOPIC : SPORTS
SECONDARY TOPIC : BASKETBALL
THE SUBJECT TEACHER : MARJANA TAFA
GROUP MEMBERS :
AMELIA KEPI
GERSI KEPI
ENEA ASLLANAJ
KEJSI KEPI
SHUKRI CENA
 Duties of the Members
 Introduction - Amelia

 History - Gersi

 Equipments - Enea

 Rules of the Game - Shukri

 Players position – Kejsi

 Basketball's Popularity - Amelia

 INTRODUCTION

Basketball is a competitive sport invented as a men's game in 1891 by James Naismith in

Springfield, Massachusetts but now played on every populated continent by men and
women. It is played by two teams, each five players, in a rectangular basketball court.
The team attempts to advance a round ball through a cast-iron basket with attached net
and backboard, higher such that the basket edge is–in most professional leagues–ten feet
(3.048 meters) from the surface of the court.

A player advances the ball either by bouncing it himself while standing still or moving
(dribbling) or by throwing it to a teammate, such that a player, within the time allows by
a shot clock, eventually shoots the ball toward the basket; should the ball pass through the
basket, one (free throw), two (field goal), or three (three-point field goal) points,
depending on the distance from which the shot is taken, are awarded.

Several strategies are employed by a team toward the end of conclusive shots for players,
who most often begin a given play in specific areas—the center and power forward near
to the basket (top of the key); the small forward and shooting guard close to the three-
point arch; and the point guard around. The team to have scored more points upon the
end of the time divides for the game is the winner, and ties are most often settled during
overtime periods.

A defense attempts to stop an offensive team from scoring and to keep the ball for itself,
employing different strategies to force an opposing player to turnover the basketball, by
stealing a player or successfully blocks his shot or, upon an opponent's making an
unsuccessful shot, overcoming an opponent to win the loose ball (rebound).

Certain disruptive contact, especially that by which an advantage is gained, is penalized

(as a personal foul), as is low behaviour(as a technical foul), with disqualification often
imposed on players who gathers a pre-arranged number of fouls in one game. Certain
means of ballhandling, such as one's running with the ball while not dribbling or one's
catching the ball between dribbles (double dribbling) are banned and, when committed by
a given team, result in the awarding of possession to the opposing team

There is some equipment needed to play a basketball game. The basketball equipment
can be broken down into three more categories court equipment, officials’ equipment and
players equipment.
 HISTORY

Basketball History: Origin of the Sport

In contrast to other sports, basketball has a clear origin. It is not the evolution
from an ancient game or another sport and the inventor is well known: Dr. James
Naismith.

Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, Ontario, Canada. He graduated

as a physician at McGill University in Montreal and was mostly interested in sports
physiology.

In 1891, while working as a physical education teacher at the YMCA

International Training School (today, Springfield College) in the United States, Naismith
was faced with the problem of finding in 14 days an indoor game to provide "athletic
distraction" for the students at the School for Christian Workers (Naismith was also a
Presbyterian minister).
After removing the idea of adapting outdoor games like soccer and lacrosse, Naismith
recalled the concept of a game of his school days known as duck-on-a-rock that involved
exactness attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock
at it.

Starting from there, Naismith developed a set of 13 rules that gave origin to the game of
basketball.

Of course, it was not exactly as we know it today. The first game was played with a
soccer ball and two peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as goals, on a court just half
the size of a present-day court. The baskets hold their bottoms so balls scored into the
basket had to be poked out with a long dowel each time and dribbling (bouncing of the
ball up and down while moving) was not part of the original game.

The sport was an instant success and thanks to the initial impulse received by the YMCA
movement, basketball's popularity quickly grew nationwide and was introduced in many
nations. Although Naismith never saw the game develop into the spectacular game we
know these days, he had the honor to witness basketball become an Olympic sport at the
1936 Games held in Berlin.
 Equipments
Court Equipment

Floor

The playing surface is made of

either wood or maple and it has to be flat
and rectangular in shape

Ball

Ball is the most visible equipment

in the game of basketball. There are
different types of basketball used in
different leagues. Usually it is made of
leather, rubber or any synthetic material but
it has to be inflated properly.

Basket/Hoop

Basket consists of a round shaped

metal rim with the covering of net around
it. Baskets are mounted at a certain height
(10 feet above the floor).
 Backboard

Backboard is a rectangular board on

which the basket is attached.

Scoreboard

Scoreboard displays the time left

in the period and running scores of the
both team. A scoreboard can be either
digital or manual.

Officials Equipment
 Uniform of Officials

Usually, officials are dressed in white

and black stripped shirts, black pants and
black shoes. NBA officials wear gray
shirts, black pants and black shoes.

Whistle

Basketball referee carries a whistle

which he blows every time he needs to stop
a play.

Shot Clock and Game Clock

Shot clock and game clock are

operated by timekeepers.
 Rules of the Game
The Rules

Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.

 Hitting
 Pushing
 Slapping
 Holding
 Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive
player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block
the path of the defender.

Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two
free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.

Charging.

An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.

Blocking.

Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not settled position
in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.

Players Position
POSITIONS

Center. Centers are mostly your tallest players. They are positioned near the basket.

Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also
responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players
up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive
rebounds and put-backs.
 Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents
from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get
a lot of rebounds because they're taller.

Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward
may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the
wings and corner areas.

Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots,
drive for goals, and rebound.

Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and

rebounding.

Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at
dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court
and set up offensive plays.

Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main
responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the
perimeter.

Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting

shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.
 Basketball's popularity
Basketball is a globally popular sport, with a significant following in countries like
the United States,China,and many European [Link] is incredibly popular
[Link] of all ages enjoy playing and watching the sport. It's played in schools,
community centers, and professional leagues. The NBA (National Basketball
Association) is one of the most-watched sports leagues in the world, featuring top players
and exciting games. Basketball's popularity can be attributed to its fast-paced action,
high-flying dunks, and the skill and athleticism of the players. It's a sport that brings
people together and creates a sense of excitement and camaraderie..People [Link] of the
most well-known basketball teams include :

 Los Angeles Lakers

 Boston Celtics

 Chicago Bulls

 Miami Heat

 New York Knicls

 Phoenix Suns

 Golden State Warriors

 Orlando Magic

 Atlanta Hawks

 Cleveland Cavaliers

 Detroit Pistons

 Houston Rockets

 San Antonio Spurs