TRIGONOMTERY
Basic Trigonometry
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TRIGONOMETRY
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TRIGONOMTERY
TRIGONOMETRY
● Measurement of an Angle
● Relation between radians and degrees
● Trigonometric Ratios
● Reciprocal and Co-ratio of Trigonometric
Ratios
● Sign of Trigonometric Functions
● Quadrant Angles and Allied Angles
● 3- STEPS to get any ANGLE
● Trigonometric functions of particular angles
● Trigonometric Identities
● Trigonometric Ratios of Negative Angles
● Compound Angles
● Double Angle & Triple Angle Formula
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JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using TRIGONOMETRY BASICS
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JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using TRIGONOMETRY BASICS
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Angle Measurements
The amount of rotation of a ‘moving ray' (terminating ray) with
reference to a fixed ray' (initial ray) is called an angle. And it is
denoted by θ or α or β etc.
θ
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Positive Angle Negative Angle
If the rotation of the terminating ray is If the rotation of the terminating ray is
in anti-clockwise direction, the angle is in clockwise direction, the angle is
called as positive. called as negative.
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System of Measurement of an Angle
(i) The Sexagesimal Measurement
(ii) The circular Measurement
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1. Sexagesimal system (British System)
Definition
If the central angle is divided into 360 equal
parts, each part in it is called One degree.
It is denoted by 10
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Minute
10 is divided into 60 equal parts each part
in it called One minute.
It is denoted as 1′. 10 = 60′
Second
Again if 1’ is divided into 60 equal parts
each part in it called One second.
It is denoted as 1’’. 1’ = 60’’
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Important Points
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2. Circular system (or) Radian Measure
Definition
A radian is an angle subtended at the
centre of a circle by an arc whose length is
equal to the radius of the circle.
B
r
1c r
r
A
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One radian is denoted as 1c.
Definition
Angle subtended at the centre of a circle of
radius r by an arc of length l is defined as
l
θ= radians.
r
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Relation between radians and degrees
3600 = 2πc
1800
∴ 1c =
π
1c ≈ (57.272…)0
90
(180)0 630 0
1c = =
22 11 11
7
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Relation between radians and degrees
Remember
➢ To convert radians into degree
1800
multiply with π
➢ To convert degrees into radians
π
multiply with
1800
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Q. Express the following angles in
degrees.
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Solution:
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Q. Express the following angles in
2
degrees. 9 π
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Solution:
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Q. Express the following angles in
degrees.
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Solution:
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7
Q. Determine how the angle 8 π radians are
classified.
A Acute
B Right
C Obtuse
D Reflex
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Solution:
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7
Q. Determine how the angle 8 π radians are
classified.
A Acute
B Right
C Obtuse
D Reflex
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Q. Convert each degree measure to radian
measure. a. 135° b. 40°
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Q. Convert 7°30' into radians
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Trigonometric Ratios
Opposite side Hypotenuse
● Sinθ = ● Cosecθ =
Hypotenuse Opposite side
Adjacent side Hypotenuse
● Cosθ = ● Secθ =
Hypotenuse Adjacent side
Opposite side Adjacent side
● Tanθ = ● Cotθ =
Adjacent side Opposite side
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Reciprocal and Co-ratio of Trigonometric Ratios
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TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
1. sin2θ + cos2θ = 1
2. sec2θ – tan2θ = 1
3. cosec2θ – cot2θ = 1
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Values Of T-Ratios At Particular Angles
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Trigonometric functions of particular angles
Angle (θ) π π π π
0
T-ratio 6 4 3 2
00 300 450 600 900
1 1 √3
sinθ 0 1
2 √2 2
√3 1 1
cosθ 1 0
2 √2 2
1
tanθ 0 1 √3 Undefined
√3
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Trigonometric functions of particular angles
Angle (θ)
T-ratio
π 2π
1800 3600
sinθ 0 0
cosθ –1 1
tanθ 0 0
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Q.
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Sign of Trigonometric Functions
II I
X
III IV
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Sign of Trigonometric Functions
II y I
x < 0, y > 0 x > 0, y > 0
cosθ < 0 ; sinθ > 0 cosθ > 0 ; sinθ > 0
x
cosθ < 0 ; sinθ < 0 cosθ > 0 ; sinθ < 0
x < 0, y < 0 x > 0, y < 0
III IV
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Trigonometric Ratios of Negative Angles
sin(-θ) -sinθ
cos(-θ) cosθ
tan(-θ) -tanθ
cot(-θ) -cotθ
sec(-θ) secθ
cosec(-θ) -cosecθ
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Quadrant Angles and Allied Angles
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STEPS to get any ANGLE
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Q. Find the value of the following
trigonometric ratios.
(i) sin(1500) (ii) cos(-2100)
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Trigonometric Ratios Of Compound Angles
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Sine And Cosine Of Compound Angles
Sum of any two or more angles is called
compound angle.
1) sin (α + β) = sinα cosβ + cosα sinβ
2) sin (α – β) = sinα cosβ – cosα sinβ
3) cos (α + β) = cosα cosβ – sin α sin β
4) cos (α – β) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β.
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Sine And Cosine Of Compound Angles
2) sin (α – β) = sinα cosβ – cosα sinβ
3) cos (α + β) = cosα cosβ – sin α sin β
4) cos (α – β) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β.
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Similarly,
sin (α + β) tan α + tan β
tan (α + β) = =
cos (α + β) 1 – tan α tan β
sin (α – β) tan α – tan β
tan (α – β) = =
cos (α – β) 1 + tan α tan β
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Q. Find the value of sin 150
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Solution:
sin 150 = sin (450 – 300)
= sin 450 . cos300 – cos450 . sin300
1 √3 1 1 √3 – 1
= – =
√2 2 √2 2 2 √2
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75∘.
Q. Find the value of cos
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Q. The Value of
is
A -1
B -2
C 1
D 2
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Solution:
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Q. The Value of
is
A -1
B -2
C 1
D 2
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Double Angle
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles
I. sin 2θ = 2 sin θ . cos θ
Proof:
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles
I. sin 2θ = 2 sin θ . cos θ
sin 2θ = sin (θ + θ)
= sin θ . cos θ + cos θ . sin θ
= 2 sin θ . cos θ
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles
II. cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ
= 1 – 2 sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ – 1
Proof:
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles
II. cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ
= 1 – 2 sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ – 1
cos 2θ = cos (θ + θ)
= cos θ . cos θ – sin θ . sin θ
∴ cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ …. (i)
= (1 – sin2 θ) – sin2 θ
= 1 – 2 sin2 θ …. (ii)
Also,
cos 2θ = cos2 θ – sin2 θ
= cos2 θ – (1 – cos2 θ)
= cos2 θ – 1 + cos2 θ
= 2 cos2 θ – 1 …. (iii)
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Q. Given equation is equivalent to
A cos 2x
B sin 2x
C sin x
D cos x
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Solution:
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Q. Given equation is equivalent to
A cos 2x
B sin 2x
C sin x
D cos x
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles
2 tan θ
III. tan 2θ =
1 – tan2 θ
Proof:
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Trigonometric functions of Double Angles
2 tan θ
III. tan 2θ =
1 – tan2 θ
tan 2θ = tan (θ + θ)
tan θ + tan θ
=
1 – tan θ . tan θ
2 tan θ
∴ tan 2θ =
1 – tan2 θ
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[Link]: 2 tan x
i) sin 2x =
1 + tan2 x
1– tan2 x
ii) cos 2x =
1 + tan2 x
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Solution:
2 tan x 2 sin x / cos x
i) R.H.S = =
1 + tan2 x sin2 x
1+
cos2 x
2 sin x cos2
= ×
cos x (cos2x x + sin2
x)
= 2 sin x cos x
= sin 2x = L.H.S
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Solution:
1– tan2 x
ii) R.H.S =
1 + tan2 x
sin2 x cos2 x − sin2 x
1–
cos2 x cos2 x
= =
sin2 x cos2 x + sin2 x
1+
cos2 x cos2 x
cos2 x – sin2 x
=
cos2 x + sin2 x
= cos 2x = L.H.S
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Q.
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Triple Angle Formulae
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Triple Angle Formulae
●
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Q. If sinA= 3/4 then value of sin3A will be:
A 9/16
B -9/16
C 9/32
D 7/16
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Q. If sinA= 3/4 then value of sin3A will be:
A 9/16
B -9/16
C 9/32
D 7/16
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C and D Formulae
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Q. Express sin6θ – sin2θ as a product.
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Defactorization Formulae
(i) 2sinAcosB = sin(A+B) + sin(A–B)
(ii) 2cosAsinB = sin(A+B) – sin(A–B)
(iii) 2cosAcosB = cos(A+B) + cos(A–B)
(iv) –2sinAsinB = cos(A+B) – cos(A–B)
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Q. Express 2 Cos7x Cos3x as a Sum.
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