ME-2-12(TO) Heat Transfer
Assignment-6- Radiation_
Radiation
1. Determine the fraction of the total, hemispherical emissive power that leaves a
𝜋 𝜋
diffuse surface in the directions 4 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2 and 0 ≤ 𝜙 ≤ 𝜋.
2. The spectral distribution of the radiation emitted by a diffuse surface may be
approximated as follows.
(a) What is the total emissive power?
(b) What is the total intensity of the radiation emitted in the normal direction and at
an angle of 30° from the normal?
3. Consider two identical bodies, one at 1000 K and the other at 1500 K. Which body
emits more radiation in the shorter-wavelength region? Which body emits more
radiation at a wavelength of 20 m?
4. Estimate the wavelength corresponding to maximum emission from each of the
following surfaces: the sun, a tungsten filament at 2500 K, a heated metal at 1500 K,
human skin at 305 K, and a cryogenically cooled metal surface at 60 K. Estimate the
fraction of the solar emission that is in the following spectral regions: the ultraviolet,
the visible, and the infrared.
5. A spherical aluminum shell of inside diameter D = 2 m is evacuated and is used as a
radiation test chamber. If the inner surface is coated with carbon black and maintained
at 600 K, what is the irradiation on a small test surface placed in the chamber? If the
inner surface were not coated and maintained at 600 K, what would the irradiation be?
6. An enclosure has an inside area of 100 m2, and its inside surface is black and is
maintained at a constant temperature. A small opening in the enclosure has an area of
0.02 m2. The radiant power emitted from this opening is 70 W. What is the
temperature of the interior enclosure wall? If the interior surface is maintained at this
temperature, but is now polished, what will be the value of the radiant power emitted
from the opening?
7. Two small surfaces, A and B, are placed inside an isothermal enclosure at a uniform
temperature. The enclosure provides an irradiation of 6300 W/m2 to each of the
surfaces, and surfaces A and B absorb incident radiation at rates of 5600 and 630
W/m2, respectively. Consider conditions after a long time has elapsed. (a) What are
the net heat fluxes for each surface? What are their temperatures? (b) Determine the
absorptivity of each surface. (c) What are the emissive powers of each surface? (d)
Determine the emissivity of each surface.
8. Solar irradiation of 1100 W/m2is incident on a large, flat, horizontal metal roof on a
day when the wind blowing over the roof causes a convection heat transfer coefficient
of 25 W/m2 K. The outside air temperature is 27°C, the metal surface absorptivity for
incident solar radiation is 0.60, the metal surface emissivity is 0.20, and the roof is
well insulated from below. Estimate the roof temperature under steady-state
conditions.
9. Consider parallel planes of infinite extent normal to the page as shown in the sketch.
Determine F12.
10. Determine the view factors from the base of the pyramid to each of its four side
surfaces. The base of the pyramid is a square, and its side surfaces are isosceles
triangles.
11. Consider the 5-m ×5-m× 5-m cubical furnace, whose surfaces closely approximate
black surfaces. The base, top, and side surfaces of the furnace are maintained at
uniform temperatures of 800 K, 1500 K, and 500 K, respectively. Determine (a) the
net rate of radiation heat transfer between the base and the side surfaces, (b) the net
rate of radiation heat transfer between the base and the top surface, and (c) the net
radiation heat transfer from the base surface.
