Contents

8 BINOMIAL THEOREM 3
8.1 Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
8.2 General Term of the Binomial Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8.3 Middle Term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8.4 kth Term From the End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.5 Coefficient of a Particular Power of x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.5.1 Term independent of x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.6 Numerically Greatest Term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.7 Properties of the Binomial Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.7.1 Summation of Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8.8 Remainder of Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.9 Binomial Theorem for Any Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2
Chapter 8

BINOMIAL THEOREM

8.1 Binomial Theorem for Positive

Example 1. If α and β be the coefficientsof x4
Integral Index and x2 respectively in the expansion of
 √ 6  √ 6
❖ ( a + b)n = n C0 an + n C1 an−1 b + n C2 an−2 b2 + x + x2 − 1 + x − x2 − 1 , then
. . . + n Cn−1 a · bn−1 + n Cn bn (A) α + β = −30 (B) α − β = −132
n
= ∑ n Ck an−k bk (C) α + β = 60 (D) α − β = 60
k =0
[JEE (Main) 2020]
❖ ( a − b)n = n C0 an − n C1 an−1 b + n C2 an−2 b2 − Solution: B
n nC
. . . + (−1) n bn  √ 6  √ 6
+ x − x2 − 1 = 2 6 C0 x6 +

n x+ x2 − 1
∑ (−1)
k
= n
Ck an−k bk
6C

2
3 i
x4 x2 − 1 + 6 C4 x2 x2 − 1 + 6 C6 x2 − 1


k =0
2

❖ (1 + x )n = n C0 + n C1 x + n C2 x2 + . . . = 2 x6 + 15 x6 − x4 + 15x2 x4 − 2x2 + 1


. . . + n Cr xr + . . . + n Cn x n + −1 + 3x2 − 3x4 + x6


n
= 2 32x6 − 48x4 + 18x2 − 1


= ∑ n Cr xr
r =0
∴ α = −96 and β = 36
❖ (1 − x )n = n C0 − n C1 x + n C2 x2 − n C3 x3 + ∴ α − β = −132
r nC n
. . . + (−1) r xr + . . . + (−1) nC
n xn
Example 2. The positive integer just greater than
n
= ∑ (−1) rn
Cr x r
(1 + 0.0001)1000 is
r =0
(A) 4 (B) 5
❖ ( a + b)n + ( a − b)n =
(C) 2 (D) 3
2 C0 an b0 + n C2 an−2 b2 + · · ·
n 
[AIEEE 2002]

❖ ( a + b)n − ( a − b)n = Solution: C

2 n C1 an−1 b1 + n C3 an−3 b3 + · · ·
 
 1000  1
1 1
Let R = 1+ 4 = 1 + 1000
❖ (1 + x ) n + (1 − x ) n = 2 10 104
n
C0 + n C2 x2 + · · ·

2 1000
1000 × 999
 
1 1
❖ (1 + x ) n − (1 − x ) n = 2 + +...+
n
C1 + n C3 x3 + · · ·

2 104 104
Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM 8.1. Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index

1 1 1 10 10 9n − 8n − 1 = (1 + 8)n − 8n − 1, n ≥ 5
< 1+ + 2 + 3 +...∞ = ∴R<
10 10 10 9 9
= n C0 + n C1 8 + n C2 82 + . . . . . . + 8n − 8n − 1
10
∴ The positive integer just greater than is 2. = n C2 82 + n C3 83 + n Cn 8n
9
= 82 n C2 + n C3 8 + . . . .. + n Cn 8n−2 = 64α
 
Example 3. The lowest integer which is greater
∴ α = n C2 + n C3 8 + . . . . . . .. + n Cn 8n−2 . . . (i )
 10100
1
than 1 + 100 is Now, consider
10
6n − 5n − 1 = (1 + 5)n − 5n − 1
(A) 2 (B) 1
= n C0 + n C1 5 + . . . . . . + n Cn 5n − 5n − 1
(C) 3 (D) 4
= 52 n C2 + n C3 5 + . . . . . . . + n Cn 5n−2
 
[JEE (Main) 2021]
= 25β
Solution: C
∴ β = n C2 + n C3 5 + . . . . . . + n Cn 5n−2 . . . (ii )
10 100
By equation (i ) and (ii ), we get

1
We have, 1 + 100
10 α − β = n C2 + n C3 8 + . . . + n Cn 8n−2 − n C2
100
Let 10 = n − n C3 5 − . . . − n Cn 5n−2
1 n n
 2
= n C3 (8 − 5) + n C4 82 − 52 + . . .
   

1 1
⇒ 1+ = C0 + n C1 + n C2
n n n
. . . + n Cn 8n−2 − 5n−2


 3
n 1
+ C3 +...
n Example 5. Let ( x + 10)50 + ( x − 10)50 =
n(n − 1) n(n − 1)(n − 2) a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + . . . + a50 x50 , for all x ∈ R;
= 1+1+ + +...
2n2 6n3 a2
then is equal to

1
n a0
⇒ 1+ >2
n (A) 12.00 (B) 12.75
n
(C) 12.25 (D) 12.50

1
Also, lim 1+ =e<3
n→∞ n [JEE (Main) 2019]

Example 4. Let n ≥ 5 be an integer. If Solution: C

9n − 8n − 1 = 64α and 6n − 5n − 1 = 25β, then
α − β is equal to Here, ( x + 10)50 + ( x − 10)50
= a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + . . . + a50 x50
(A) 1 + n C2 (8 − 5) + n C3 82 − 52 + . . .


50
⇒2 C0 x50 + 50 C2 x48 102 + . . .
. . . + n Cn 8n−1 − 5n−1

. . . + 50 C48 x2 1048 + 50 C50 1050


(B) 1 + n C3 (8 − 5) + n C4 82 − 52 + . . .


= a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + . . . + a50 x50
. . . + n Cn 8n−2 − 5n−2


⇒ a0 = 2 × 1050 , a2 = 2 × 50 C48 1048
(C) n C3 (8 − 5) + n C4 82 − 52 + . . .


a2 50 C
48
∴ = = 12.25
. . . + n Cn 8n−2 − 5n−2


a0 102
(D) n C4 (8 − 5) + n C5 82 − 52 + . . .


Exercise
. . . + n Cn 8n−3 − 5n−3


1. If n is a positive integer, then
[JEE (Main) 2022] √ √
( 3 + 1)2n − ( 3 − 1)2n is
Solution: C (A) an even positive integer.

4
8.2. General Term of the Binomial Expansion Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM

(B) a rational number other than positive

integer Example 6. Let the sum of the coefficients of the
3 n
 
(C) an irrational number. first three terms in the expansion of x − 2 ,
(D) an odd positive integer. x

[AIEEE 2012] x ̸= 0, n ∈ N, be 376 . Then the coefficient of x4 is

[JEE (Main) 2023]
2. If X = {4n − 3n − 1, n ∈ N } and
Y = {9(n − 1) : n ∈ N }, where N is the set of
natural numbers, then X ∪ Y is equal to Solution: 405
n
(A) Y − X (B) X

3
Sum of coefficient of first three terms of x− is
(C) Y (D) N x2
376 .
[JEE (Main) 2014]
⇒ n C0 − n C1 3 + n C2 32 = 376
3. The sum of the co-efficients of all even degree terms
n ( n − 1)
in x in the expansion of ⇒ 1 − 3n + × 9 = 376
 √ 6  √ 6 2
x + x 3 − 1 + x − x 3 − 1 , ( x > 1) ⇒ 3n2 − 5n − 250 = 0 ∴ n = 10
is equal to 
3 r

Now, Tr+1 = 10 Cr x10−r − 2
(A) 26 (B) 32 x
(C) 29 (D) 24 = 10 Cr (−3)r x10−3r
[JEE (Main) 2019] For coefficient of x4 ⇒ 10 − 3r = 4 ⇒ r = 2
4. The sum of the co-efficients of all odd degree Coefficient of x4 = 10 C2 (−3)2 = 405
terms in the expansion of
 √ 5  √ 5
x + x 3 − 1 + x − x 3 − 1 , ( x > 1) Example 7. If the coefficients of three consecutive
is terms in the expansion of (1 + x )n are in the ratio
1 : 5 : 20, then the coefficient of the fourth term is
(A) 2 (B) −1
(A) 1827 (B) 5481
(C) 0 (D) 1
(C) 2436 (D) 3654
[JEE (Main) 2018]
[JEE (Main) 2023]

8.2 General Term of the Binomial

Solution: D
Expansion
Given, coefficients of three consecutive terms are in the
❖ The (r + 1)th term is called the general term of the ratio 1 : 5 : 20
expansion, denoted by Tr+1 .
nC n n
i.e., r −1 : Cr : Cr +1 = 1 : 5 : 20
❖ In the binomial expansion of ( a + b)n , we have nC 1
Tr+1 = n Cr an−r br Now, n r−1 = ⇒ n = 6r − 1 . . . (i )
Cr 5
nC 5
❖ In the binomial expansion of ( a − b)n , Also, n
r
= ⇒ n = 5r + 4 . . . (ii )
Tr+1 = (−1)
r nC a n −r b r Cr+1 20
r
From (i ) and (ii ), we get
❖ In the binomial expansion of (1 + x )n ,
6r − 1 = 5r + 4 ⇒ r = 5 ⇒ n = 25 + 4 = 29
Tr+1 = n Cr xr
∴ The coefficient of 4th term = 29 C3 = 3654.
❖ In the binomial expansion of (1 − x )n ,
r nC
Tr+1 = (−1) r xr

5
Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM 8.3. Middle Term

Exercise
Example 8. The sum of the coefficients of three
consecutive terms in the binomial expansion of 5. If for some positive integer n, the coefficients of
(1 + x )n+2 , which are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 5 is equal to three consecutive terms in the binomial expansion
of (1 + x )n+5 are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14, then the
(A) 41 (B) 92 largest coefficient in this expansion is
(C) 25 (D) 63 (A) 330 (B) 252
[JEE (Main) 2023] (C) 792 (D) 462

Solution: D [JEE (Main) 2020]

n +2 C
6. If some three consecutive coefficients in the
Given r −1 : n+2 Cr : n+2 Cr+1 = 1 : 3 : 5
binomial expansion of ( x + 1)n in powers of x are
n +2 C 1 in the ratio 2 : 15 : 70, then the average of these
r −1
∴ n +2 C
= ⇒ n = 4r − 3 . . . (i )
r 3 three coefficients is
n +2 C 3
r (A) 625 (B) 964
Also, n +2 C
= ⇒ 8r − 1 = 3n . . . (ii )
r +1 5
(C) 227 (D) 232
From (i ) and (ii ), we get
[JEE (Main) 2019]
8r − 1
4r − 3 = ⇒ 4r = 8 ⇒ r = 2 and n = 5 7. If the coefficients of the three successive terms in
3
the binomial expansion of (1 + x )n are in the ratio
Required sum = 7 C1 + 7 C2 + 7 C3 = 7 + 21 + 35 = 63
1 : 7 : 42, then the first of these terms in the ex-
pansion is
Example 9. If the fourth term in the binomial
s
1
!6 (A) 6th (B) 7th
1
expansion of (1+log10 x )
+ x 12 is equal to (C) 8th (D) 9th
x
200 , and x > 1, then the value of x is [JEE (Main) 2015]
(A) 100 (B) 10 8. If the third term in the binomial expansion of
 5
(C) 103 (D) 104 1 + xlog2 x equals 2560, then a possible
value of x is
[JEE (Main) 2019]
1 1
(A) (B)
Solution: B 8 4
√ √
(C) 4 2 (D) 2 2
Given that T4 = 200
 1 3  3 [JEE (Main) 2019]
6 12 1 2
∴ C3 x (1+log10 x )
= 200
x
1 3 8.3 Middle Term
⇒ x 4 x 2(1+log10 x) = 10
In the binomial expansion of ( a + b)n
!
3 +1
2(1+log10 x ) 4
⇒x = 10
When n is odd
Put log10 x = t ⇒ x = 10t

3 +1

  There are (n + 1) terms. i.e., even terms in the expansion
t
2(1+ t ) 4 3 1 and hence two middle terms are given by
∴ 10 = 10 ⇒ + t=1
2(1 + t ) 4
( n+2 1 ) ( n−2 1 ) n−1
⇒ (6 + 1 + t)t = 4(1 + t) ⇒ 7t + t2 = 4 + 4t T( n+1 ) = n C( n−1 ) a b for r = and
2 2 2
⇒ t2 + 3t − 4 = 0 ⇒ (t − 1)(t + 4) = 0 ( n−2 1 ) ( n+2 1 ) n+1
T( n+3 ) = n C( n+1 ) a b for r =
⇒ t = 1, −4 2 2 2
⇒ x = 10, 10−4 ⇒ x = 10 [∵ x > 1]

6
8.4. kth Term From the End Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM

4x 1012 5 1010
   
When n is Even 2022 C
T1010+1 = 1010
5 2x
There are odd terms in the expansion and hence, only one
 1012  1010
middle term is given by 4 5
n n
= 2022 C1010 x1012−1010
n 5 2
T( n +1) = n C n a 2 b 2 for r =
2 2 2  1012  1010
4 5
= 2022 C1010 x2
5 2
Example 10. The sum of the real values of x for
which the middle term in the binomial expansion Now, (1011)th term from the end is
 3
x 3
8 (2022 − 1011 + 2)= 1013th term from the beginning
of + equals 5670 is
5 2022
 
3 x 4x
in − is given by
(A) 6 (B) 8 5 2x
 1010  1012
(C) 0 (D) 4 4x 5
T1012+1 = 2022 C1012
5 2x
[JEE (Main) 2019]
 1010  1012
4 5
= 2022 C1012 x1010−1012
Solution: C 5 2
8  1010  1012
x3

3 4 5
Given binomial expansion is + = 2022 C1012 x −2
3 x 5 2
 3 4  4 "  1012  1010 #
x 3 2022 4 5
So, middle term T5 = 8 C4 = 5670 = 1024 C1010 x2
3 x 5 2

x12 34  2  2
5 4
⇒ 8 C4 · = 5670 ⇒ = 210 x4
34 x4 2 5
√
⇒ 70 x8 = 5670 ⇒ x8 = 81 ⇒ x = ± 3
52 × 52 54
⇒ x4 = = 16
∴ Sum of real values of x is 0 . 22 4
×2 ×2 10 2
5 5
⇒ x= 4
⇒ |x| =
2 16
8.4 kth Term From the End
kth term from the end is the (n − k + 2)th term from the
beginning. Example 12. A ratio of the 5th term from the
beginning to the 5th term from the end in the
!10
1
1
Example 11. If the 1011th term from the end in the binomial expansion of 23 + 1 is
2(3) 3
5 2022
 
4x
binomial expansion of − is 1024 times 1 1
5 2x (A) 1 : 4(16) 3 (B) 1 : 2(6) 3
1011th term from the beginning, then | x | is equal to 1 1
(C) 2(36) 3 : 1 (D) 4(36) 3 : 1
(A) 15 (B) 8
5 [JEE (Main) 2019]
(C) (D) 10
16
[JEE (Main) 2023]
Solution: D

Solution: C 5th term from beginning

is
 2022 5th term from end
4x 5
(1011)th term from the beginning in −
5 2x
is given by

7
Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM 8.5. Coefficient of a Particular Power of x

 4  5
10−4 1
2x3
 1
10 C 3 1 − 2
4 2 
1
 3x
T5 2(3) 3
−1 r

′ = 5C

5−r
T5
 10−4
 1 4 Tr+1 = r 2x3
1 3x2
10 C 23
4
 
1
−1 r 15−3r−2r
 
2(3) 3 5
= Cr 25 − r · ·x
3
2 −4 − 34
2 ·2 ·3 As, 15 − 5r = 5 ⇒ r = 2
= 4  2
−6
2 · 3−2 · 2 3
Coefficient of x5 = 5C 23 × −
1
=
80
2
3 9
2 2 1
2
= 2 · 2 3 · 3 3 = 4 · (36) 3
Example 14. The absolute difference of the
Exercise coefficients of x10 and x7 in the expansion of
1 11
 
9. If the ratio of the fifth term from the beginning to 2x2 + is equal to
2x
the fifth term from the end in the expansion of

√
4 1 n

√ (A) 103 − 10 (B) 123 − 12
2+ √ 4
is 6 : 1, then the third term from
3 (C) 133 − 13 (D) 113 − 11
the beginning is
√ √ [JEE (Main) 2023]
(A) 30 2 (B) 60 3
√ √
(C) 60 2 (D) 30 3 Solution: B

[JEE (Main) 2023]  r

11−r 1
We have, Tr+1 = 11 Cr 2x2
2x

8.5 Coefficient of a Particular = 11 Cr 211−2r · x22−3r

Power of x For x10 , 22 − 3r = 10 ⇒ r = 4

∴ Coefficient of x10 = 11 C4 211−8
Step 1 : Take general term
= 330 × 23 = 2640
Step 2 : Equate power of x in the general term to
required Power and find r. Now, for x7 , 22 − 3r = 7 ⇒ r = 5

Step 3: Tr+1 will be the required term ∴ Coefficient of x7 = 11 C5 · 211−10 = 462 × 2 = 924

Step 4 : Hence find coefficient So, absolute difference of the coefficients of x10 and x7
= 2640 − 924 = 1716 = 123 − 12
8.5.1 Term independent of x
Example 15. If the coefficients of x7 in
Term independent of x is the coefficient of x0
1 11
   11
1
ax2 + and x −7 in ax − are
2bx 3bx2
Example 13. The coefficient of x5 in the expansion equal, then
1 5
 
3
of 2x − 2 is (A) 64ab = 243 (B) 729ab = 32
3x
26 (C) 32ab = 729 (D) 243ab = 64
(A) (B) 9
3 [JEE (Main) 2023]
80
(C) 8 (D)
9
Solution: B
[JEE (Main) 2023]
 11
1
Solution: D We have, rth term in ax2 + is,
2bx

8
8.6. Numerically Greatest Term Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM

r
a11−r 22−3r a11 7 13 C

1 13 C a
11 C

11−r 6
Tr+1 = r ax2 = 11 Cr ·x Now, 13 C
2 = 6 ⇒ a4 b4 = = 22
2bx (2b)r b2 b6 13 C
2

For coefficient of x7 , we have 22 − 3r = 7 ⇒ r = 5

Exercise
11 C a6 7
∴ T6 = x . . . (i )
5
25 b5 10. The coefficient of x301 in (1 + x )500 +
Similarly, rth term in the second expansion, is x (1 + x )499 + x2 (1 + x )498 + . . . + x500 is
r 500 C 501 C
(A) (B)

1 301 200
Tr+1 = 11 Cr ( ax )11−r −
3bx2 (C) 500 C (D) 501 C
300 302
a11−r [JEE (Main) 2023]
= 11 Cr · x11−3r
(−3b)r
11. The coefficient of x18 in the expansion of
For coefficient of x −7 we have 11 − 3r = −7 ⇒ r = 6 
1 15

4
x − 3 is . . .
a5 x
∴ T7 = 11 C6 x −7 . . .(ii ) [JEE (Main) 2023]
36 · b6
a6 a3 12. If the constant term in the expansion of
Now, 11 C = 11 C ⇒ 36 ab = 25
5 6 1 7
 
25 b5 36 b6 3x2 − 5 is α, then [α] is equal to. . .
2x
⇒ 729ab = 32
[JEE (Main) 2023]
13. If the term without x in the expansion of
Example 16. If the coefficient of x7 in
α 22
 2 
3
x + 3 is 7315 , then |α| is equal to. . .
1 13
 
ax − 2 and the coefficient of x −5 in x
bx [JEE (Main) 2023]
1 13
 
14. The constant term in the expansion of
ax + 2 are equal, then a4 b4 is equal to 5
bx

1
2x + 7 + 3x2 is.....
(A) 11 (B) 44 x
[JEE (Main) 2023]
(C) 22 (D) 33
1 11
 
15. If the co-efficient of x9 in αx3 + and the
[JEE (Main) 2023] βx
1 11
 
co-efficient of x − 9 in αx − 3 are equal,
Solution: C βx
then (αβ)2 is equal to . . .
In the first expansion, [JEE (Main) 2023]
−1 r


Tr+1 = 13 C ( ax )13−r
r
bx2
8.6 Numerically Greatest Term
−1 r 13−3r
 
= 13 Cr a13−r x
b For expansion of ( a + b)n
Now, 13 − 3r = 7 ⇒ r = 2 n+1
❖ When a is not an integer and its integral
a11 1+
∴ Coefficient of x7 = 13 C2 b
b2
part is m, then Tm+1 will be the numerically greatest
Also, in the second expansion,
term.
1 r 13 a13−r 13−3r
 
Tr+1 = 13 Cr ( ax )13−r = Cr x n+1
bx 2 br ❖ When a is an integer, say m, then Tm and
1+
As, 13 − 3r = −5 ⇒ r = 6 b

a7 Tm+1 will be numerically greatest terms (both terms

∴ Coefficient of x −5 = 13 C6 are equal in magnitude).
b6

9
Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM 8.7. Properties of the Binomial Coefficients

8.7 Properties of the Binomial Co- Solution: B

efficients 1 n 1 n n
Cr
Cn + n Cn−1 + . . . + n C0 = ∑
n+1 n r + 1
If Cr stands for n Cr , then r =0
n
❖ C0 + C1 + C2 + . . . + Cn = 2n 1 1  n +1 
n + 1 r∑
n +1
= Cr +1 = 2 − 1
=0 n+1
❖ C0 + C2 + C4 + . . . = C1 + C3 + C5 + . . . = 2n−1
1023 210 − 1
2 2 2 2 (2n)! 2n
2n C = =
❖ C0 + C1 + C2 + . . . + Cn = = n= Cn 10 10
n! n!
So, n + 1 = 10 ⇒ n = 9
❖ C0 · Cr + C1 · Cr+1 + C2 · Cr+2 + . . . + Cn−r Cn
(2n)!
= = 2n Cn−r 30 C 2 30 C 2 30 C 2
(n + r )!(n − r )!




Example 19. If 1 +2 2 +3 3 +
30 C

2 α 60!
8.7.1 Summation of Series . . . + 30 30 = , then α is equal to
(30!)2
❖ nC + n Cr−1 = n+1 Cr
r (A) 60 (B) 10
nC n−r+1
r
❖ = (C) 15 (D) 30
nC r
r −1
nC
[JEE (Main) 2023]
r n
❖ n −1 C
=
r −1 r
Solution: C
Example 17. The value of Given,
1 1 1 1 1 30 C 2 + 2

30 C 2

30 C 2

30 C

2
+ + +...+ + is 1 2 +3 3 + . . . + 30 30
1! 50! 3! 48! 5! 46! 49! 2! 51! 1!
α 60!
251 250 =
(A) (B) (30!)2
50! 50!
30 2 30 30
251 250
 30
(C) (D) ∑r 30
Cr = ∑ r 30 Cr 30 Cr = ∑ r r
29
Cr−1 30
Cr
51! 51! r =1 r =1 r =1
[JEE (Main) 2023] 30
= ∑ 30 29 Cr−1 30 C30−r = 30 59 C30
Solution: D r =1
59! 30 15 · 60!
1 1 1 1 1 = 30 =
+ + +....+ + 30! 29! 30 (30!)2
1! 50! 3! 48! 5! 46! 49! 2! 51! 1!
  ∴ α = 15
1 51! 51! 51! 51!
= + + +...+
51! 1! 50! 3! 48! 5! 46! 51! 1!
22
1 51
C1 + 51 C3 + . . . + 51 C51 Example 20. The value of ∑ 22
Cr 23
Cr is

=
51! r =0
1 51−1 1 50 (A) 45 C (B) 45 C
= 2 = 2 24 23
51! 51!
(C) 44 C (D) 44 C
23 22
1 n 1 [JEE (Main) 2023]
Example 18. If Cn + n Cn−1 + . . .
n+1 n
1 n 1023
...+ C1 + n C0 = then n is equal to Solution: B
2 10
(A) 8 (B) 9 22 22

(C) 6 (D) 7
∑ 22
Cr 23
Cr = ∑ 22
Cr 23
C23−r
r =0 r =0
[JEE (Main) 2023] = 22+23 C23 = 45 C23

10
8.8. Remainder of Division Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM

Exercise
31    30    Example 21. Among the statements
16. If ∑ 31
Ck 31
Ck−1 − ∑ 30
Ck 30
Ck−1 (S1 ) : 20232022 − 19992022 is divisible by 8
k =1 k =1

α(60!) (S2 ) : 13(13)n − 11n − 13 is divisible by 144 for

= , where α ∈ R, then the value of infinitely many n ∈ N
(30!)(31!)
16α is equal to (A) only (S2) is correct

(A) 1411 (B) 1320 (B) both (S1) and (S2) are incorrect

(C) 1615 (D) 1855 (C) both (S1) and (S2) are correct
[JEE (Main) 2022] (D) only (S1) is correct
17. If 20 C
r is the co-efficient of xr in the expansion of [JEE (Main) 2023]
20
(1 + x )20 , then the value of ∑ r2 · 20 Cr is equal to Solution: C
r =0

(A) 420 × 218 (B) 380 × 218 As we know that x n − yn is always divisible by x − y.
(C) 380 × 219 (D) 420 × 219 ∴ 20232022 − 19992022 is divisible by 2023 − 1999 = 24,
[JEE (Main) 2021] which is divisible by 8. ∴ S1 is true
20 2
Also, 13(13)n − 11n − 13 = 13(12 + 1)n − 11n − 13

18. ∑ 20
Ck is equal to
k =0
= 13 n C0 12n + n C1 12n−1 + n C2 12n−2 + . . . + n Cn
 

(A) 40 C (B) 41 C
21 20
− 11n − 13
(C) 40 C (D) 40 C
20 19
C0 12n + n C1 12n−1 + . . . + n Cn−2 122
n 
= 13
[JEE (Main) 2021]
6   + 13 × 12 × n + 13 − 11n − 13
19. The value of ∑ 6
Cr · 6 C6−r is equal to = 13 × 12 2 n

C0 12n−2 + n C1 12n−3 + . . . + n Cn−2

r =0

(A) 1324 (B) 1124 + 145n

(C) 1024 (D) 924 Which is divisible by 144 , for all n ≥ 144
[JEE (Main) 2021] i.e., It is divisible by 144 for infinitely many n ∈ N.
20. The value of −15 C1 + 2 · 15 C2 − 3 · 15 C3 +... ∴ S2 is also true.
. . . − 15 · 15 C15 +14 C1 + 14 C3 + 14 C5 + . . . + 14 C11
is Example 22. 25190 − 19190 − 8190 + 2190 is divisible
(A) 213 − 14 (B) 214 by

(C) 216 − 1 (D) 213 − 13 (A) both 14 and 34 (B) 34 but not by 14

[JEE (Main) 2021] (C) 14 but not by 34 (D) neither 14 nor 34

[JEE (Main) 2023]
8.8 Remainder of Division
Solution: B
To find remainder when nm is divided by p,
Given, 25190 − 19190 − 8190 + 2190
➤ List the exponents of n and multiples p.
So, (17 + 8)190 − 8190 + (19 − 17)190 − 19190
➤ Identify two numbers from each list which have a
difference of 1. = 190 C0 17190 + 190 C1 17189 × 8 + . . . + 8190 − 8190
➤ Express nm in terms of p.
+ 190 C0 19190 − 190 C1 19189 × 17 + . . . + 17190 − 19190
➤ Using binomial theorem find the remainder.
= 17 (2K1 ) − 17 (2K2 ), where K1 and K2 are

11
Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM 8.9. Binomial Theorem for Any Index

integers. So, given number is divisible by 34 but not by 23. The remainder when (2021)2022 + (2022)2021 is
14 . divided by 7 is
(A) 0 (B) 1
Example 23. Let the number (22)2022 + (2022)22
leave the remainder α when divided by 3 and β when (C) 2 (D) 6
divided by 7. Then α2 + β2 is equal to


[JEE (Main) 2022]
(A) 20 (B) 13 24. The remainder when 72022 + 32022 is divided by 5 is
(C) 5 (D) 10 (A) 0 (B) 2
[JEE (Main) 2023]
(C) 3 (D) 4
Solution: C [JEE (Main) 2022]
We are, (22)2022 + (2022)22 = (21 + 1)2022 + (2022)22
Here (2022)22 is divisible by 3 as 2022 is divisible 3 . 8.9 Binomial Theorem for Any In-
Expanding (21 + 1)2022 , we get dex
(21 + 1)2022 = 2022 C0 (21)2022 + 2022 C1 (21)2021 + If n ∈ R, −1 < x < 1, then
. . . + 2022 C2022 (1)2022 n ( n − 1) 2
(1 + x )n = 1 + nx + x +...
2!
= (3)2022 (7)2022 + 2022 C1 (3)2021 (7)2021 + . . . + 1


n(n − 1)(n − 2) . . . (n − r + 1) r
= 3 (3)2021 (7)2022 + 2022 C1 (3)2020 (7)2021 + . . . +1
  ...+ x +...∞
r!
= 3m + 1 ∴ Remainder, α = 1
Example 24. If the expansion in powers of x of the
Also, (21 + 1)2022 + (2023 − 1)22 1
function is
= 7 (3)2022 (7)2021 + 2022 C1 (3)2021 (7)2020 + . . . +1
  (1 − ax )(1 − bx )
a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 + . . ., then an is
+22 C0 (2023)22 − 22 C1 (2023)21 +
bn − an an − bn
. . . − 22 C21 (2023) + 22 C22 (A) (B)
b−a b−a
721 (289)22 − 22 C1 (7)20 (289)21 +

= (7r1 + 1) + 7 a n +1 − b n +1 b n +1 − a n +1
(C) (D)
. . . − 22 C21 (289) + 1 b−a b−a


= (7r1 + 1) + (7r2 + 1) = 7 (r1 + r2 ) + 2 = 7n + 2 [AIEEE 2006]

∴ Remainder, β = 2 Solution: D
Now, α2 + β2 = 12 + 22 =5 1
From given = (1 − ax )−1 (1 − bx )−1
(1 − ax )(1 − bx )
Exercise = ( a0 + a1 x + . . . + a n x n + . . . )
42022 ⇒ 1 + ax + a2 x2 + . . . + an−1 x n−1 + an x n + . . .


21. Fractional part of the number is equal to
15
= 1 + x ( a + b) + x2 a2 + ab + b2 + x3 a3 + a2 b + ab2 + b3 +



1 4
(A) (B)
15 15 . . . + x n an + an−1 b + an−2 b2 + . . . + abn−1 + bn + . . .


14 8
(C) (D) On comparing the coefficient of x n both sides, we have
15 15
[JEE (Main) 2023] an = an + an−1 b + an−2 b2 + . . . + abn−1 + bn
22. The remainder when (11)1011 + (1011)11 is divided an + an−1 b + an−2 b2 + . . . + abn−1 + bn (b − a)


by 9 is =
b−a
(A) 1 (B) 4 (Multiplying and dividing by b − a )
(C) 6 (D) 8 b n +1 − a n +1
=
[JEE (Main) 2022] b−a

12
8.9. Binomial Theorem for Any Index Chapter 8. BINOMIAL THEOREM

Exercise
Example 25. The coefficient of t4 in the expansion
3 25. If x is so small that x3 and higher powers of x may
1 − t6

of is 3  x 3
1−t (1 + x ) 2 − 1 +
be neglected, then 2 may be
1
(A) 10 (B) 12 2
(1 − x )
(C) 15 (D) 14 approximated as
[JEE (Main) 2019] 3x2 3x2
(A) 3x + (B) 1 −
8 8
Solution: C
x 3x2 3x2
The given expansion is (C) − (D) −
2 8 8

3
1 − t6 (1 − t)−3 = 1 − t18 − 3t6 + 3t12 (1 − t)−3 [AIEEE 2005]

∴ Coefficient of t4 in the given expansion = 6 C4 = 15

Answer Key (Exercise)

1. (C) 6. (D) 11. (5005) 16. (A) 21. (A)

2. (C) 7. (B) 12. (1275) 17. (A) 22. (D)

3. (D) 8. (B) 13. (1) 18. (C) 23. (A)

4. (A) 9. (B) 14. (1080) 19. (D) 24. (C)

5. (D) 10. (B) 15. (1) 20. (A) 25. (D)

13