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Comp Strength of Concrete f'c 4500 psi 16 in WSD

16 in WSD 11 in USD
Yielding Strength of Steel fy 55000 psi 16 in USD

Width of the Column: W 16 in 16 in WSD

2.5 in 11 in USD
Steel ratio 2 % 15 in WSD
10 in USD
Load (p) 300 kip
2.5 in
For tied re. Col : Ø 0.65
Rectangular Column Square Column
For Spiral Col. : Ø 0.75 8 No. of # 5bar 0.31 2.48 in2 8 No. of # 5 bar 0.31 2.48 in2
0 No. of # 3bar 0.11 0 in2 0 No. of # 3 bar 0.11 0 in2
WSD ρg 0.02 Total Area of Steel : 2.48 in2 Total Area of Steel : 2.48 in2
Amount of St. in WSD Method: 3.84 in2 Required Amount of St. in WSD Method: 3.08 in2 Required
Clear Cover CC 2.5 in USD Method: -0.69 in2 Required USD Method: 2.23 in2 Required

Capacity Finder 8 in WSD

5.2 in USD Circular Column
Area of the Column: 12 X 12
Use: 6 No. of # 7 bar 0.6 3.6 in2
Area of steel for Rect. Or Square Col. 7.2 in2 Use: 0 No. of # 3 bar 0.11 0 in2
2.5 in Total Area of Steel : 3.6 in2
Radius for Circular Column: 5 in Amount of Steel in WSD Method: 3.84 in2 Required
USD Method: 3.42 in2 Required
Area of steel for Circular Column As 1.86 in2

Capacity of the Column:

Capacity of the Rectangular Column is: 478.0152 Kip USD Tie Design
272.34 Kip WSD
Rect. Col: WSD: use: # 3 bar @ 10 in C/C Square. Col: WSD: use: # 3 bar @ 10 in C/C
Capacity of the Circular Column is : 218.5695525
Kip USD Rect. Col: USD: use: # 3 bar @ 10 in C/C Square. Col: USD : use: # 3 bar @ 10 in C/C
129.2775 Kip WSD

Calculations
Factored Load: P 300 Kip

Calculation for Square Tied Column: (WSD) Calculation for Square Tied Column: (USD)

We know, f'c 4.5 ksi Capacity Finder:

P=.85Ag(.25f'c+fsρg) Area of Steel: 7.2 in2 19.635
fy 55 ksi Area of the Column: 144 in2 (Rect.) 78.54 in2(Cir.)
Where, Load Capacity of the Column is: 478.0152 Kip (Rec.)
f,c = 4500 We Know, 218.5695525 Kip ( Cir.)

fs =.40*fy 22000 psi Pu=.80Ø[0.85f'c(Ag-Ast)+fyAst] 0.1104545455 11.04545455

9.17 circu rat 272340.00
Let, ρg 0.02 Ag 118.9900128
in2 119 in2 272.34 kip

Here, P 300 kip 300000 lb. Width: 10.90871211

in 11 in 144
7.2 Tie Design
Ag: 225.5215185
in2 226 in2 So, Area of Column A 121 in2
0.05 3 3
Breath: 15.01737389
in 16 in Ast 2.229566721
in2 2.23 in2 10 in 10 in
18 in 10 18 in 10 in
Dim. of Column: 16 X 16 15 in 16 in
Rectangular Tied Column (USD)
Area of Column: 256 in2 10 10 in
Breath: 7.4375 in 10 in 18 10 18 in 10 in
So, Area of Steel: 0.01153074866
in2 10 11 in
So Dim. Of Column: 16 X 10
So, ρg 0.012 in2
So, Ast 3.072 Area of Column A 160 in2
USD ρg 0.02
Spacing of Tie bar Total area of the column is: 160 in2
Tie Design: 3
Spacing 0.31 0.11 Ast -0.6854308369
in2 -0.69 in2
S1 4.96 in
S2 5.28 in 4.96 in
S3 16 in
Spirally Tied Column ( USD )

We know,
For Spiral Column,
Rectangular Tied Column ( WSD)
Pu= Ø0.85Ag[.85f'c(1-ρg)+fyρg]
Breath: 14.125 in 15 in
Ag 82.49974219
in2 83 in2
Area of the Column: 230 in2
Area of Column = πr2
So, The dimension of the column is:
Radius : r 5.140005717
in 5.2 in
16 X 15 240 in2
Ag 84.948864 in2 85 in2
So, ρg 0.01570855615 0.016
Area of Steel Ast: 3.417195896
in2
So, Ast : 3.84 in2

Spiral Column: ( WSD )

P= Ag [0.25f'c + fsρg
78.54
Ag 191.6932907
in2 192 in2 0.01637038704
129277.5 lb
so, r is 7.81763105in 8 in 129.2775 Kip

Final Ag 201.0624 in2 202 in2 0.02368220015

ρg 0.01637038704 0.017

Ast 3.434 in2

0.017
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 Check
If you put values in the main sheet of "Column Design" same as the given values of the pictures bellow then you will find all other content and values same as the main sheet.
Ultimately if it becomes Main sheet, that means " Column Design" = Check (1, 2) Then this sheet should work properly.

Check 01

Check 02
 Column Design by USD Method

Column: Columns are defined as members that carry loads chiefly in compression. Columns are generally referred as compression
member because compression force or stress dominates their behavior. Compression member includes

· Arch ribs
· Rigid frame member
· Compression member in trusses
· Shells
· Portion that carry axial compression

Fig: Column

Fig: Arch Fig: Rigid Frame

Types of column according to reinforcement used

1. Member reinforced with longitudinal bars and lateral ties.
2. Member reinforced with longitudinal bars and continuous spirals.
3. Composite compression member reinforced with structural steel.

Type-3
Fig: Compression member in trusses

Column may be divided into two broad categories:

· Short column – fail by crushing of concrete, lateral bucking need not to be considered.
· Long / Slender column – fail by lateral bucking

According to loading condition column can be classified into following categories:

Axially Loaded Column:

Pn= 0.85f’c (Ag-Ast) + fyAst

According to ACI Code 10.3.6

For spirally reinforced column, with ø=0.70

 For tied reinforced column, with ø=0.65

According to ACI Code 10.9.1 (Steel Ratio of column)

Reinforcement ratio is defined by, ρ = As/Ag and the its range is 0.01≤ρ≤0.08
According to this minimum steel ration in column is 1% of gross concrete area of column
To avoid congestion most column are designed with a ratio below 0.04.

According to ACI Code 10.9.2 (Minimum no. of bar)

· A minimum four longitudinal bar is required when the bar s are enclosed by spaced rectangular or circular ties.
· A minimum six longitudinal bar is required when the bar s are enclosed by a continuous spiral.

According to ACI Code 7.10.5 (Design of tie)

· All bars of tied columns shall be enclosed by lateral ties.

· At least #3 (10 mm) tie for longitudinal bars up to #10(32 mm) and at least #4 (12 mm) tie for #11,14, and 18(36,43,57 mm) and bundled longitudinal bars must be used.
· Spacing should not exceed 16 diameters of longitudinal bars, 48 diameters of tie bars, nor the least dimension of column.
· Every corner and alternative longitudinal bar shall have lateral support by ties having a included angle not more than 135⁰.
· No bar shall be farther than 6 in. ( 150 mm) clear on either side from laterally supported bar.

According to ACI 7.7.1(c)

Minimum clear cover for column member = 1.5”

According to ACI 7.6.3

Clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than 1.5db nor less than 1.5”.

Why value of ø is lower for column than beam:

· A beam failure would normally affect only a local region, where as a column failure could result in the collapse of entire structure.
· The strength of axially loaded members depends strongly on the concrete compressive strength whose quality control is very difficult in site.

Fig: Tie arrangement

Lateral Ties and Spiral

According to ACI code 10.9.3 (Minimum spiral reinforcement Ratio)

Spiral Reinforcement ratio

Spacing of spiral can be found by,

ACI 7.10.4: Spacing may not be less than 1” and may not be larger than 3”
Example 1
Design a square tied column to support an axial dead load of 400 K and a live lode of 210 K using f’c = 5 Ksi, and fy = 60 Ksi, and a steel ratio of about 5%. Design the necessary ties.

Solution:

1.

Column side =

2. Because larger section is adopted, the steel percentage may be reduced by using

11

Use fourteen no #8 bars ( )

3. Design of tie: choose # 3 bar. Spacing least of following

(1)

(2)

(3)

Use # 3 bar @ 15 in. c/c

Assignment:

Design a circular spiral column to support an axial dead load of 400 K and a live load of 250 K using f’c = 4 Ksi, fy = 60 Ksi,
and a steel ratio of about 2.0%. Also, design the necessary spirals.

Compression plus Bending of Rectangular Column

Columns loaded with axial load and uniaxial moment is designed based on factored load, which must not exceed the design strength, i.e.

øMn ≥ Mu
øPn ≥ Pu

Fig: Equivalent eccentricity of column load

Strain compatibility Analysis and Interaction Diagram

Equilibrium between external and internal axial forces shown in figure c

Taking moment about the centerline of the section

A column can be designed by solving the above two equations for a specific column section.
A better approach, providing the basis for practical design, is to construct a strength interaction diagram defining failure load and
failure moment for a given column for the full range of eccentricities from zero to infinity.

Design Aid: With a representative column design chart column can be designed easily. And this can de done by two methods

1.
a) Select trial cross section dimensions b and h
b) Calculate the ratio γ based on required cover distances to the bar centroid, and select the corresponding column design chart.

c) Calculate and where

d) From the graph, for the values found in (c), read the required reinforcement ratio

e) Calculate the total steel area

2.
a. Select the reinforcement ratio

b. Choose a trial value of and calculate and γ

c. From the corresponding graph, read and calculate the required

d. Calculate

e. Revise the trial value of if necessary to obtain a well-proportioned section

f. Calculate the total steel area

Example 3 [example 8.3, Nilson 14th edition]

Selection of reinforcement for column of given size : In a three-story structure, an exterior column is to be designed for a service dead
load of 222 kips, maximum live load of 297 kips, dead load moment of 136 ft-kips, and live load moment of 194 ft-kips. The minimum live
load compatible with the full live load moment is 166 kips, obtained when no live load is placed on the roof but a full live load is placed on
the second floor. Architectural considerations require that a rectangular column be used, with dimensions b = 20 in. and h = 25 in.

(a) Find the required column reinforcement for the condition that full live load acts.
(b) Check to ensure that the column is adequate for the condition of no live load on the roof.

Material strengths are and

Solution:

(a) The column will be designed initially for full load, then checked for adequacy when live load is partially removed.
According to the ACI safety provisions, the column must be designed for a factored load kips and
a factored moment A column is specified, and reinforcement distributed around
the column perimeter will be used. Bar cover is estimated to be 2.5 in. from the column face to the steel centerline for each bar. The column parameters
(assuming bending about the strong axis) are

and as before. From Graph A.7 it is found that a reinforcement ratio of is sufficient for this condition,
less than that required in part (a), so no modification is required.

Selecting No. 3 (No. 10) ties for trial, the maximum tie spacing must not exceed, or
20 in. Spacing is controlled by the diameter of the ties, and No. 3 (No. 10) ties will be used at 18 in. spacing.
Example 4 [example 8.4, Nilson 13th edition]

Selection of column size for a given reinforcement ratio: A column is to be designed to carry a factored load
and factored moment ft-kips. Material strengths and are specified.
Cost studies for the particular location indicate that a reinforcement ratio of about 0.03 is optimum. Find the
required dimensions b and h of the column. Bending will be about the strong axis, and an arrangement of steel with bars
concentrated in two layers, adjacent to the outer faces of the column and parallel to the axis of bending, will be used.

Solution:

It is convenient to select a trial column dimension h, perpendicular to the axis of bending; a value of h = 25 in. will be selected,
and assuming a concrete cover of 2.5 in. to the bar centers, the parameter Graph A. 11 of Appendix A applies. For
the stated loads the eccentricity is and From Graph A. 11 with
and from the trial dimension the required column width is

A column will be used, for which the required steel area is

Eight No. 11 (No. 36) bars will be used, providing , arranged in two layers of four bars each, similar to the sketch shown in Graph A.11

Biaxial Bending: Interaction diagram of biaxially loaded column

Approximate method:

1. Load Contour Method

2. Reciprocal Load Method

Reciprocal Load Method

Where,

approximate value of nominal load in biaxial bending with eccentricitiesand

nominal load when only eccentricity is present ( )

nominal load when only eccentricity is present ( )

nominal load for concentrically loaded column

Example 5 [example 8.5, Nilson 14th edition]

Design of column for biaxial bending: The column shown below is reinforced
with eight No. 9 (No. 29) bars arranged around the column perimeter, providing an area .
A factored load of 255 kips is to be applied with eccentricities in. and ,
as shown. Material strengths are and . Check Ihe adequacy of
the trial design using the reciprocal load method.

Solution:

By the reciprocal load method, first considering bending about the Y axis, , and
With the reinforcement ratio , using the average of Graphs A.6 ( ) and A.7 ( ),

Then the bending about the X axis, , and Graph A.5 of the Appendix A gives

Substituting these value in

From which Thus, according to the Bresler method, the design load of
can be applied safely.

[In general biaxial bending should be taken into account when the estimated eccentricity ratio approaches or exceeds 0.2]
 Disclaimer
This Microsoft Excel spread sheet will be able to Design rectangular, square and circular column both in USD and WSD method.
This three types of axially loaded short column can be designed by this spread sheet. This sheet is following the ACI and BNBC code and it's prepared by
the recent experience of the owner. If any one wants to implement the result of this sheet in the practical field, it is their own liability.

Md. Humayoun Kabir

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

E-mail: [email protected]
Cell: +88 01771123050
Watch the Tutorial of "Column Design with Excel" at: http://youtu.be/Jh9uz1F-u3Q

IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology.

All short of constructive opinion is appreciated by the author.