IOT IN SMART BUILDING

S.ASWINI

PG-Computer Science and Engineering 1ST Year Student,

PRATHYUSHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)

ABSTRACT:

The Internet of Things (IoT) based smart system represents a significant

advancement in the integration of digital technologies with physical devices to
enhance automation, efficiency, and user convenience. The system leverages
interconnected sensors, actuators, and controllers to monitor and manage
environments in real-time, providing intelligent responses and actions based on data
analytics. Key components of the smart system include environmental sensors for
temperature, humidity, and light; motion detectors; and smart controllers for
appliances and utilities. The system employs a robust cloud-based infrastructure for
data storage, processing, and analysis, enabling seamless integration with user
interfaces such as mobile applications and web dashboards. Advanced algorithms,
including machine learning models, are utilized to predict user behaviors and optimize
system performance.This IoT-based smart system demonstrates significant
improvements in energy efficiency, security, and user comfort. Practical applications
discussed in this paper include smart home automation, industrial monitoring, and
smart city initiatives. The system's architecture, data communication protocols, and
security measures are also addressed, emphasizing scalability and resilience.The
results of implementing this smart system indicate a notable reduction in energy
consumption, enhanced security through real-time monitoring and alerts, and
improved user satisfaction due to personalized automation. This research contributes
to the growing field of IoT by providing a comprehensive framework for developing
smart systems that are adaptable, efficient, and user-friendly.

I. INTRODUCTION

The concept of smart building is based on Internet of Things (IoT). Basically,

the monitoring and controlling of the home appliances are connected through a
complex network. The IoT deliver users adequate information by communicating
with various electronic devices through wireless medium. The IoT has made it
cost effective and efficient solution in the area of building management. The
building management and information system (BMIS) and IoT are work parallels
and it is called a building internet of things (BIoT). The building internet of things
(BIoT) is controlled the indoor physical devices from every place and building
performs the intelligence, energy efficient, green and sustainable.
 Fig. 1. Modified Smart Buildings with Intelligent Features

The recent fastest growing trend in the field of telecommunications is Internet of

Things (IoT). Technologies like networking communication and embedded micro-
electro- mechanical technologies became the centre of attraction in recent few years.
By the emergence of IoT technology, the embedding is done in various smart gadgets
as of increasing capability of sensing, identifying and communication of the system.
These smart gadgets when connected to the internet form a smart network also known
as IoT.
Basically, three layers together form an architecture of IoT, which are namely as the
application layer, perception layer, and network layer. This three-layer architecture
defines the general architecture of IoT, but not sufficient for research to fulfil the deep
& finer aspects of the IoT. That’s why, researchers added 4 more layers and improved
the 3 layer IoT architecture. Now, the three-layer architecture become 7-layer
architecture which includes the environment layer, communication layer, service layer
and application support & management layer. This seven layer architecture is proposed
as improved layered architecture for IoT architecture which is shown in Figure.

Fig. 2. 7-layer architecture of IoT Infrastructure.

Fig.3 shows that the devices directly communicate with one or more gateways. The other
communication protocol such as Zig-Bee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, UWB , Wireless USB , and IR
wireless.

Fig. 3. LoRaWAN Architectures.

The BIM-based methodology is used for the preconstruction design and verification
phase as well as the postconstruction facility management of the smartly built
environment in the era of smart networks. A basic, but functional, prototype, use of Revit
and the xBIM toolkit in a smart home energy management system can be implemented
and has been successfully demonstrated. The development of software tools from BIM is
an extension of the work underway to automatically manage HVACR (Heating,
Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration) systems and investigations on
information fusion and complementing decision systems in future smart network
applications for powered buildings Smart.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Xinghua Gao, Pardis Pishdad-Bozorgi, Dennis R. Shelden, and Shu Tang,

“Internet of Things Enabled Data Acquisition Framework for Smart
Building Applications” Published on 2020. IoT-enabled data acquisition
framework that utilizes low-cost computers, sensors modules, developed
software agents, and the existing building Wi-Fi network to establish a
central facility database.

2. Ayu Latifah, Suhono Harso Supangkat , Agus Ramela “Smart Building:

A Literature Review” published on 2020. paper will be dealing with a
definition of a smart building, management energy, occupant comfort,
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning operation planning, visualization
 using Building Information Modelling (BIM) as one of another way to
share and exchange building information.

3. Anurag Verma, Surya Prakash, Vishal Srivastava and others“Sensing,

Controlling, and IoT Infrastructure in Smart Building: A Review”
published on 2019. The main focus is on sensing, controlling the IoT
infrastructure which enables the cloud clients to use a virtual sensing
infrastructure using communication protocols. The following are some
of the intelligent features that usually make building smart such as
privacy and security, network architecture, health services, sensors for
sensing, safety and overall management in smart buildings.

4. Weitao Xu, Jin Zhang, Jun Young Kim, Walter Huang, Salil Kanhere,
Sanjay Jha, Wen Hu “The Design, Implementation, and Deployment of
a Smart Lighting System for Smart Buildings” Published in 2019.The
design, implementation, and deployment of an emergency light-based
smart building solution. The key advantage of the system is that it is built
on top of existing facilities in the building (i.e., emergency light). As a
case study, we have implemented and deployed our system in 9 production
smart buildings of different types including residential, commercial office
and warehouse of multiple level building complexes

III. METHODOLOGY

1. Integrated Sensor Networks

 Environmental Sensors: Measure temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, and

light intensity to maintain optimal indoor conditions.
 Occupancy Sensors: Detect the presence of people in different areas to adjust
lighting, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning), and security
systems accordingly.
 Structural Health Monitoring: Use sensors to monitor the structural integrity
of the building, detecting issues like cracks or material fatigue early.

2. Automated Control Systems

 Building Management Systems (BMS): Centralized platforms that integrate

and control various building systems (e.g., HVAC, lighting, security) for
efficient operation.
 Smart HVAC Systems: Adjust heating, cooling, and ventilation based on
occupancy and environmental data to optimize energy use.
 Adaptive Lighting Systems: Use smart lighting that adjusts brightness and
color temperature based on natural light availability and occupancy.
3. Communication Protocols

 Zigbee and Z-Wave: Wireless protocols used for reliable, low-power

communication between IoT devices.
 BACnet and LonWorks: Standard protocols specifically designed for
building automation to ensure interoperability between devices from different
manufacturers.
 Wi-Fi and Ethernet: High-bandwidth communication protocols for devices
that require robust data transfer, like security cameras and multimedia
systems.

4. Energy Management

 Smart Meters: Provide real-time data on energy consumption, enabling better

energy management and identifying areas for improvement.
 Demand Response Systems: Adjust energy consumption patterns based on
grid demand, often in response to utility signals to reduce load during peak
times.
 Renewable Energy Integration: Use data from solar panels or wind turbines
to optimize the use of renewable energy sources within the building.

5. Security and Access Control

 Smart Cameras and Surveillance Systems: Provide real-time monitoring

and analytics to enhance building security.

 Biometric Access Control: Use fingerprint, facial recognition, or iris

scanning to secure access to sensitive areas.
 Intrusion Detection Systems: Use motion sensors, door/window sensors, and
alarms to detect and respond to unauthorized access.

6. Data Management and Analytics

 Cloud Storage and Computing: Store vast amounts of data generated by IoT
devices in the cloud for scalable analysis and management.
 Edge Computing: Process data locally on devices or gateways to reduce
latency and bandwidth usage, especially for time-sensitive applications.
 Big Data Analytics: Utilize analytics platforms to process and analyze large
datasets, providing insights for optimizing building operations.

7. User Interface and Experience

 Mobile Applications: Allow building managers and occupants to monitor and

control building systems from their smartphones or tablets.
 Dashboards: Provide comprehensive views of building performance, energy
usage, and security status through intuitive interfaces.
 Voice Control: Integrate with voice assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google
Assistant to enable hands-free control of building systems.
 8. Safety and Emergency Systems

 Smart Fire Detection and Suppression: Use advanced sensors to detect

smoke or fire early and trigger appropriate suppression systems.
 Emergency Lighting and Signage: Automatically activate during power
outages or emergencies to guide occupants to safety.
 Automated Emergency Response: Integrate with local emergency services to
provide real-time information and faster response in case of an incident.

IV. DISCUSSION

The implementation of IoT in smart buildings has brought transformative

changes across various sectors, enhancing efficiency, safety, and occupant
comfort. Here, we'll discuss several key aspects and benefits of IoT in smart
buildings, as well as challenges and future trends. IoT devices like smart cameras,
biometric access control systems, and intrusion detection systems provide robust
security solutions. Real-time surveillance, coupled with advanced analytics,
allows for quick identification and response to security threats. Biometric systems
ensure that only authorized personnel can access certain areas, adding an
additional layer of security. The vast amount of data generated by IoT devices in
smart buildings provides valuable insights into building operations and occupant
behavior. Big data analytics can identify patterns and trends, helping building
managers make informed decisions to optimize performance. For example,
analyzing occupancy data can reveal underutilized spaces that could be
repurposed or leased out. Smart buildings utilize adaptive lighting and climate
control systems that adjust settings based on the presence and preferences of
occupants. Occupancy sensors and smart thermostats ensure that the environment
is always optimized for comfort, whether it’s adjusting the lighting based on
natural light availability or setting the temperature to the ideal level when a room
is occupied.

V. FEATURE TRENDS

1. Integration with Smart Grids

Smart buildings will increasingly integrate with smart grids, allowing

for more efficient energy management and the incorporation of renewable
energy sources. This integration will enable buildings to not only consume
energy more efficiently but also to produce and distribute energy.

2. Enhanced User Experience

The focus on occupant experience will continue to grow, with more

personalized and intuitive interactions between occupants and building
systems. Voice control, mobile apps, and advanced interfaces will make it
easier for occupants to interact with and control their environment.
 3. Sustainability and Green Building Initiatives

There will be a stronger emphasis on sustainability, with smart

buildings adopting green building standards and certifications. IoT
technologies will be used to monitor and improve environmental performance,
contributing to broader sustainability goals.

VI. CONCLUSION

IoT in smart buildings offers numerous benefits, from enhanced energy

efficiency and comfort to improved security and data-driven decision-making.
However, challenges such as security concerns, interoperability, and initial
costs need to be addressed to fully realize these benefits. With ongoing
advancements in AI, machine learning, and integration with smart grids, the
future of IoT in smart buildings looks promising, paving the way for more
sustainable, efficient, and user-friendly environments.

VII. REFERNCES

1. Xinghua Gao, Pardis Pishdad-Bozorgi, Dennis R. Shelden, and Shu Tang,

“Internet of Things Enabled Data Acquisition Framework for Smart
Building Applications” Published on 2020.

2. Ayu Latifah, Suhono Harso Supangkat , Agus Ramela “Smart Building: A

Literature Review” published on 2020.

3. Anurag Verma, Surya Prakash, Vishal Srivastava and others“Sensing,

Controlling, and IoT Infrastructure in Smart Building: A Review”
published on 2019.

4. Weitao Xu, Jin Zhang, Jun Young Kim, Walter Huang, Salil Kanhere, Sanjay
Jha, Wen Hu “The Design, Implementation, and Deployment of a Smart
Lighting System for Smart Buildings” Published in 2019.

5. Aditya Nugur , M. Pipattanasomporn , M. Kuzlu and S. Rahman “Design and

Development of an IoT Gateway for Smart Building
Applications”Published in 2018.