|WEATHER, CLIMATE &NATURALVEGETATION
WEATHER INSTRUMENIS
Rain Gauge: has a xed diameter so that
they collect the same amount of water & so
comparisons can be made A
• Made of a hollow cylinder (C) containing:
o Funnel (A) to collect the water.
o Container to collect water which may
be graduated. It is emptied once every
24hrs at the same time.
o Rain is measured in milimeters.
o Sunk into ground, but not level so
splashes or surface water can't get in PUNEL RECENER BOOY
Max-min thermometer: record max. & min. temp. over 24hr period
• Max thermometer contains let bu night bub
vauum
mercury & min contains alcohol
c C
• As temp. rises, mercury expands & -loohot
-25-|
pushes up a metal index and when it -20-| F35 mainun
cools, mercury contracts and index is 15-| -30 temperstune
-10-| F2s or30c
left in place at highest temp. F20
metal
As temp. falls, alcohol contracts & indces -15
pulls metal index with it, but as 5-
10
F10
alcohol expands, it ows past 15-|
nininun 20-
index, leaving it in place at termperaure 25-| -10
ot24G 3)- -1S
lowest temp. 35-| -20
nercuy
•Both indexes read onceevery 24hrs 40- - -25
from bottom of index.
Sunshine Recorder (Heliograph):
records the amount of sunshine at a
given location gless ball
• Burns a timeline
sunshine card
• Traces sun shine not the hours of
daylight
•The glass ball focus the light
• This burns a line onto the card
sunsbine recorder
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RAPHY (0460) Zubair Junjunia
Wet & dry bulbthermometer(hygrometer):
• Dry bulb is a normal mercury
thermometer and it measures actual air
temperature
• Wet bulb is same but bulb Is covered with
a ne cloth whlch is connected to a
reservoir of water.
• Water evaporates from the cloth & cools
the temperature so it reads a few degrees
lower than air temp.
• Both wet & dry bulb temperatures read Dr Wet
ab
Barometer: Measure air pressure pointer
• An aneroid barometer has a corrugated
chamber containing a vacuum
• As air pressure rises & falls, the spinde
chamber contracts & expands.
-lever
• Levers conduct this movement to a
spindle which moves the pointer on the
dial which records the air pressure in vacuurm chamber
mm of mercury.
Anemometer: Measures wind speed.
• Three light rotating cups (mounted on a
high pole) are blown around by the
wind the revolutions are counted &
converted into m/s, km/h or knots
Wind vane: Records wind direction
• The etching is blown by the wind so that
the arrow head points into the wind.
• Mounted on a high pole.
Stevenson's Screen: contains the thermometers
•Painted white to re ect the sun with a double lid for ix
• Slatted sides to let the air circulate, but slanteddowsv
prevent light getting in.
t
• Legs1m long to prevent heating from ground.
• On short grass so it's standardized i.e. same amount c:
re ectivity.
painted double id
white
sletted sides
mede
ef
wood
one metre
long legs
sheri grass
[Link]
eer
Stratocna
Seus
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une 2014
• Cirrus: found high in the atmosphere, common throughout the
world, thin and wispy in appearance and move fairly quickly
•Stratus: low level, usually grey in colour, move fast and can
produce light rain and snow.
• Cumulonimbus: large clouds up to 10km high and across, produce
rain, thunder and lightening, usually found in spring and summer
Cumulus: fairly low clouds, look like lumps of cotton wool, can
produce light rain and each individual clouds has a short life cycle
WEATHERSYMBOLS
• Cloud cover: measured in eighths. Hold sheet directly above your
head & estimate the cloud cover directly above you.
0 Oktas S Oktas
inu ckaud)
G0kas
2Okta 7Oktas
3 Oktas 8Oklas
(nobiue s)
4 Cktas Sky rleoured
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